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Book: Untersuchung zum Einfluß Opiat-aktiver Substanzen der Milch (Beta-Casomorphine) auf die endokrine Funktion von Magen und Pankreas

Schick, Rafael

1983

Size	III, 103 S. : graph. Darst.
Document type	Book
Note	Ulm, Univ., Diss., 1984
HBZ-ID	HT002712432
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Article ; Online: Correction for Mechanical Inaccuracies in a Scanning Talbot-Lau Interferometer.

IEEE transactions on medical imaging

2024 Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 28–38

Abstract: Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast and in particular dark-field radiography are promising new imaging modalities for medical applications. Currently, the potential advantage of dark-field imaging in early-stage diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in humans ... ...

Abstract	Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast and in particular dark-field radiography are promising new imaging modalities for medical applications. Currently, the potential advantage of dark-field imaging in early-stage diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in humans is being investigated. These studies make use of a comparatively large scanning interferometer at short acquisition times, which comes at the expense of a significantly reduced mechanical stability as compared to tabletop laboratory setups. Vibrations create random fluctuations of the grating alignment, causing artifacts in the resulting images. Here, we describe a novel maximum likelihood method for estimating this motion, thereby preventing these artifacts. It is tailored to scanning setups and does not require any sample-free areas. Unlike any previously described method, it accounts for motion in between as well as during exposures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	622531-7
ISSN	1558-254X ; 0278-0062
ISSN (online)	1558-254X
ISSN	0278-0062
DOI	10.1109/TMI.2023.3288358
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Article ; Online: X-ray Dark-Field Chest Imaging: Qualitative and Quantitative Results in Healthy Humans.

Gassert, Florian T / Urban, Theresa / Frank, Manuela / Willer, Konstantin / Noichl, Wolfgang / Buchberger, Philipp / Schick, Rafael / Koehler, Thomas / von Berg, Jens / Fingerle, Alexander A / Sauter, Andreas P / Makowski, Marcus R / Pfeiffer, Daniela / Pfeiffer, Franz

Radiology

2023 Volume 306, Issue 2, Page(s) e229037

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiol.229037
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Article ; Online: X-ray dark-field chest radiography: a reader study to evaluate the diagnostic quality of attenuation chest X-rays from a dual-contrast scanning prototype.

Kattau, Margarete / Willer, Konstantin / Noichl, Wolfgang / Urban, Theresa / Frank, Manuela / De Marco, Fabio / Schick, Rafael / Koehler, Thomas / Maack, Hanns-Ingo / Renger, Bernhard / Renz, Martin / Sauter, Andreas / Leonhardt, Yannik / Fingerle, Alexander / Makowski, Marcus / Pfeiffer, Daniela / Pfeiffer, Franz

European radiology

2023 Volume 33, Issue 8, Page(s) 5549–5556

Abstract: Objectives: To compare the visibility of anatomical structures and overall quality of the attenuation images obtained with a dark-field X-ray radiography prototype with those from a commercial radiography system.: Methods: Each of the 65 patients ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To compare the visibility of anatomical structures and overall quality of the attenuation images obtained with a dark-field X-ray radiography prototype with those from a commercial radiography system. Methods: Each of the 65 patients recruited for this study obtained a thorax radiograph at the prototype and a reference radiograph at the commercial system. Five radiologists independently assessed the visibility of anatomical structures, the level of motion artifacts, and the overall image quality of all attenuation images on a five-point scale, with 5 points being the highest rating. The average scores were compared between the two image types. The differences were evaluated using an area under the curve (AUC) based z-test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. To assess the variability among the images, the distributions of the average scores per image were compared between the systems. Results: The overall image quality was rated high for both devices, 4.2 for the prototype and 4.6 for the commercial system. The rating scores varied only slightly between both image types, especially for structures relevant to lung assessment, where the images from the commercial system were graded slightly higher. The differences were statistically significant for all criteria except for the bronchial structures, the cardiophrenic recess, and the carina. Conclusions: The attenuation images acquired with the prototype were assigned a high diagnostic quality despite a lower resolution and the presence of motion artifacts. Thus, the attenuation-based radiographs from the prototype can be used for diagnosis, eliminating the need for an additional conventional radiograph. Key points: • Despite a low tube voltage (70 kVp) and comparably long acquisition time, the attenuation images from the dark-field chest radiography system achieved diagnostic quality for lung assessment. • Commercial chest radiographs obtained a mean rating score regarding their diagnostic quality of 4.6 out of 5, and the grating-based images had a slightly lower mean rating score of 4.2 out of 5. • The difference in rating scores for anatomical structures relevant to lung assessment is below 5%.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; X-Rays ; Radiography, Thoracic/methods ; Radiography ; Thorax ; Lung/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1085366-2
ISSN	1432-1084 ; 0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
ISSN (online)	1432-1084
ISSN	0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
DOI	10.1007/s00330-023-09477-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Dark-Field Chest Radiography Outperforms Conventional Chest Radiography for the Diagnosis and Staging of Pulmonary Emphysema.

Urban, Theresa / Sauter, Andreas P / Frank, Manuela / Willer, Konstantin / Noichl, Wolfgang / Bast, Henriette / Schick, Rafael / Herzen, Julia / Koehler, Thomas / Gassert, Florian T / Bodden, Jannis H / Fingerle, Alexander A / Gleich, Bernhard / Renger, Bernhard / Makowski, Marcus R / Pfeiffer, Franz / Pfeiffer, Daniela

Investigative radiology

2023 Volume 58, Issue 11, Page(s) 775–781

Abstract: Objectives: Dark-field chest radiography (dfCXR) has recently reached clinical trials. Here we compare dfCXR to conventional radiography for the detection and staging of pulmonary emphysema.: Materials and methods: Subjects were included after a ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Dark-field chest radiography (dfCXR) has recently reached clinical trials. Here we compare dfCXR to conventional radiography for the detection and staging of pulmonary emphysema. Materials and methods: Subjects were included after a medically indicated computed tomography (CT) scan, showing either no lung impairments or different stages of emphysema. To establish a ground truth, all CT scans were assessed by 3 radiologists assigning emphysema severity scores based on the Fleischner Society classification scheme.Participants were imaged at a commercial chest radiography device and at a prototype for dfCXR, yielding both attenuation-based and dark-field images. Three radiologists blinded to CT score independently assessed images from both devices for presence and severity of emphysema (no, mild, moderate, severe).Statistical analysis included evaluation of receiver operating characteristic curves and pairwise comparison of adjacent Fleischner groups using an area under the curve (AUC)-based z test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: A total of 88 participants (54 men) with a mean age of 64 ± 12 years were included. Compared with conventional images (AUC = 0.73), readers were better able to identify emphysema with images from the dark-field prototype (AUC = 0.85, P = 0.005). Although ratings of adjacent emphysema severity groups with conventional radiographs differed only for trace and mild emphysema, ratings based on images from the dark-field prototype were different for trace and mild, mild and moderate, and moderate and confluent emphysema. Conclusions: Dark-field chest radiography is superior to conventional chest radiography for emphysema diagnosis and staging, indicating the technique's potential as a low-dose diagnostic tool for emphysema assessment.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Emphysema ; Radiography, Thoracic/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80345-5
ISSN	1536-0210 ; 0020-9996
ISSN (online)	1536-0210
ISSN	0020-9996
DOI	10.1097/RLI.0000000000000989
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Article ; Online: Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Emphysema Using Dark-Field Chest Radiography.

Urban, Theresa / Gassert, Florian T / Frank, Manuela / Willer, Konstantin / Noichl, Wolfgang / Buchberger, Philipp / Schick, Rafael C / Koehler, Thomas / Bodden, Jannis H / Fingerle, Alexander A / Sauter, Andreas P / Makowski, Marcus R / Pfeiffer, Franz / Pfeiffer, Daniela

Radiology

2022 Volume 303, Issue 1, Page(s) 119–127

Abstract: Background Dark-field chest radiography allows for assessment of lung alveolar structure by exploiting wave optical properties of x-rays. Purpose To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative features of dark-field chest radiography in participants with ... ...

Abstract	Background Dark-field chest radiography allows for assessment of lung alveolar structure by exploiting wave optical properties of x-rays. Purpose To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative features of dark-field chest radiography in participants with pulmonary emphysema as compared with those in healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods In this prospective study conducted from October 2018 to October 2020, participants aged at least 18 years who underwent clinically indicated chest CT were screened for participation. Inclusion criteria were an ability to consent to the procedure and stand upright without help. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, serious medical conditions, and any lung condition besides emphysema that was visible on CT images. Participants were examined with a clinical dark-field chest radiography prototype that simultaneously acquired both attenuation-based radiographs and dark-field chest radiographs. Dark-field coefficients were tested for correlation with each participant's CT-based emphysema index using the Spearman correlation test. Dark-field coefficients of adjacent groups in the semiquantitative Fleischner Society emphysema grading system were compared using a Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Emphysema/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Radiography, Thoracic/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiol.212025
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Article ; Online: Correction of Motion Artifacts in Dark-Field Radiography of the Human Chest.

Schick, Rafael C / Koehler, Thomas / Noichl, Wolfgang / De Marco, Fabio / Willer, Konstantin / Urban, Theresa / Frank, Manuela / Pralow, Thomas / Maack, Ingo / Prevrhal, Sven / Lundt, Bernd / Fingerle, Alexander / Pfeiffer, Daniela / Herzen, Julia / Pfeiffer, Franz

IEEE transactions on medical imaging

2022 Volume 41, Issue 4, Page(s) 895–902

Abstract: Dark-field radiography of the human chest is a promising novel imaging technique with the potential of becoming a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other diseases of the lung. The large field-of-view ... ...

Abstract	Dark-field radiography of the human chest is a promising novel imaging technique with the potential of becoming a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other diseases of the lung. The large field-of-view needed for clinical purposes could recently be achieved by a scanning system. While this approach overcomes the limited availability of large area grating structures, it also results in a prolonged image acquisition time, leading to concomitant motion artifacts caused by intrathoracic movements (e.g. the heartbeat). Here we report on a motion artifact reduction algorithm for a dark-field X-ray scanning system, and its successful evaluation in a simulated chest phantom and human in vivo chest X-ray dark-field data. By partitioning the acquired data into virtual scans with shortened acquisition time, such motion artifacts may be reduced or even fully avoided. Our results demonstrate that motion artifacts (e.g. induced by cardiac motion or diaphragmatic movements) can effectively be reduced, thus significantly improving the image quality of dark-field chest radiographs.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Humans ; Motion ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiography
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	622531-7
ISSN	1558-254X ; 0278-0062
ISSN (online)	1558-254X
ISSN	0278-0062
DOI	10.1109/TMI.2021.3126492
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: X-ray Dark-Field Chest Imaging: Qualitative and Quantitative Results in Healthy Humans.

Radiology

2021 Volume 301, Issue 2, Page(s) 389–395

Abstract: Background X-ray dark-field radiography takes advantage of the wave properties of x-rays, with a relatively high signal in the lungs due to the many air-tissue interfaces in the alveoli. Purpose To describe the qualitative and quantitative ... ...

Abstract	Background X-ray dark-field radiography takes advantage of the wave properties of x-rays, with a relatively high signal in the lungs due to the many air-tissue interfaces in the alveoli. Purpose To describe the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of x-ray dark-field images in healthy human subjects. Materials and Methods Between October 2018 and January 2020, patients of legal age who underwent chest CT as part of their diagnostic work-up were screened for study participation. Inclusion criteria were a normal chest CT scan, the ability to consent, and the ability to stand upright without help. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, serious medical conditions, and changes in the lung tissue, such as those due to cancer, pleural effusion, atelectasis, emphysema, infiltrates, ground-glass opacities, or pneumothorax. Images of study participants were obtained by using a clinical x-ray dark-field prototype, recently constructed and commissioned at the authors' institution, to simultaneously acquire both attenuation-based and dark-field thorax radiographs. Each subject's total dark-field signal was correlated with his or her lung volume, and the dark-field coefficient was correlated with age, sex, weight, and height. Results Overall, 40 subjects were included in this study (average age, 62 years ± 13 [standard deviation]; 26 men, 14 women). Normal human lungs have high signal, while the surrounding osseous structures and soft tissue have very low and no signal, respectively. The average dark-field signal was 2.5 m
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Lung/anatomy & histology ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Qualitative Research ; Radiography, Thoracic/methods ; Reference Values ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Evaluation Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiol.2021210963
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Article: Interview mit dem Generalarzt der Luftwaffe, Oberstarzt Prof. Dr. Rafael Schick

Schick, Rafael / Assel, G. / Schmidt, K.

Wehrmedizin und Wehrpharmazie

2015 Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 4

Language	German
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	506117-9
ISSN	0043-2148
Database	Current Contents Medicine

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Article ; Online: Dark-field chest X-ray imaging for the assessment of COVID-19-pneumonia.

Communications medicine

2022 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 147

Abstract: Background: Currently, alternative medical imaging methods for the assessment of pulmonary involvement in patients infected with COVID-19 are sought that combine a higher sensitivity than conventional (attenuation-based) chest radiography with a lower ... ...

Abstract	Background: Currently, alternative medical imaging methods for the assessment of pulmonary involvement in patients infected with COVID-19 are sought that combine a higher sensitivity than conventional (attenuation-based) chest radiography with a lower radiation dose than CT imaging. Methods: Sixty patients with COVID-19-associated lung changes in a CT scan and 40 subjects without pathologic lung changes visible in the CT scan were included (in total, 100, 59 male, mean age 58 ± 14 years). All patients gave written informed consent. We employed a clinical setup for grating-based dark-field chest radiography, obtaining both a dark-field and a conventional attenuation image in one image acquisition. Attenuation images alone, dark-field images alone, and both displayed simultaneously were assessed for the presence of COVID-19-associated lung changes on a scale from 1 to 6 (1 = surely not, 6 = surely) by four blinded radiologists. Statistical analysis was performed by evaluation of the area under the receiver-operator-characteristics curves (AUC) using Obuchowski's method with a 0.05 level of significance. Results: We show that dark-field imaging has a higher sensitivity for COVID-19-pneumonia than attenuation-based imaging and that the combination of both is superior to one imaging modality alone. Furthermore, a quantitative image analysis shows a significant reduction of dark-field signals for COVID-19-patients. Conclusions: Dark-field imaging complements and improves conventional radiography for the visualisation and detection of COVID-19-pneumonia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2730-664X
ISSN (online)	2730-664X
DOI	10.1038/s43856-022-00215-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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