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  1. Article ; Online: Configurable Sensor Model Architecture for the Development of Automated Driving Systems.

    Schmidt, Simon / Schlager, Birgit / Muckenhuber, Stefan / Stark, Rainer

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 14

    Abstract: Sensor models provide the required environmental perception information for the development and testing of automated driving systems in virtual vehicle environments. In this article, a configurable sensor model architecture is introduced. Based on ... ...

    Abstract Sensor models provide the required environmental perception information for the development and testing of automated driving systems in virtual vehicle environments. In this article, a configurable sensor model architecture is introduced. Based on methods of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and functional decomposition, this approach supports a flexible and continuous way to use sensor models in automotive development. Modeled sensor effects, representing single-sensor properties, are combined to an overall sensor behavior. This improves reusability and enables adaptation to specific requirements of the development. Finally, a first practical application of the configurable sensor model architecture is demonstrated, using two exemplary sensor effects: the geometric field of view (FoV) and the object-dependent FoV.
    MeSH term(s) Automobile Driving
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s21144687
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Fault Detection, Isolation, Identification and Recovery (FDIIR) Methods for Automotive Perception Sensors Including a Detailed Literature Survey for Lidar.

    Goelles, Thomas / Schlager, Birgit / Muckenhuber, Stefan

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 13

    Abstract: Perception sensors such as camera, radar, and lidar have gained considerable popularity in the automotive industry in recent years. In order to reach the next step towards automated driving it is necessary to implement fault diagnosis systems together ... ...

    Abstract Perception sensors such as camera, radar, and lidar have gained considerable popularity in the automotive industry in recent years. In order to reach the next step towards automated driving it is necessary to implement fault diagnosis systems together with suitable mitigation solutions in automotive perception sensors. This is a crucial prerequisite, since the quality of an automated driving function strongly depends on the reliability of the perception data, especially under adverse conditions. This publication presents a systematic review on faults and suitable detection and recovery methods for automotive perception sensors and suggests a corresponding classification schema. A systematic literature analysis has been performed with focus on lidar in order to review the state-of-the-art and identify promising research opportunities. Faults related to adverse weather conditions have been studied the most, but often without providing suitable recovery methods. Issues related to sensor attachment and mechanical damage of the sensor cover were studied very little and provide opportunities for future research. Algorithms, which use the data stream of a single sensor, proofed to be a viable solution for both fault detection and recovery.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s20133662
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Angle-dependent spectral reflectance material dataset based on 945 nm time-of-flight camera measurements.

    Ritter, David J / Rott, Relindis / Schlager, Birgit / Muckenhuber, Stefan / Genser, Simon / Kirchengast, Martin / Hennecke, Marcus

    Data in brief

    2023  Volume 48, Page(s) 109031

    Abstract: The main objective of this article is to provide angle-dependent spectral reflectance measurements of various materials in the near infrared spectrum. In contrast to already existing reflectance libraries, e.g., NASA ECOSTRESS and Aster reflectance ... ...

    Abstract The main objective of this article is to provide angle-dependent spectral reflectance measurements of various materials in the near infrared spectrum. In contrast to already existing reflectance libraries, e.g., NASA ECOSTRESS and Aster reflectance libraries, which consider only perpendicular reflectance measurements, the presented dataset includes angular resolution of the material reflectance. To conduct the angle-dependent spectral reflectance material measurements, a new measurement device based on a 945 nm time-of-flight camera is used, which was calibrated using Lambertian targets with defined reflectance values at 10, 50, and 95%. The spectral reflectance material measurements are taken for an angle range of 0° to 80° with 10° incremental steps and stored in table format. The developed dataset is categorized with a novel material classification, divided into four different levels of detail considering material properties and distinguishing predominantly between mutually exclusive material classes (level 1) and material types (level 2). The dataset is published open access on the open repository Zenodo with record number 7467552 and version 1.0.1 [1]. Currently, the dataset contains 283 measurements and is continuously extended in new versions on Zenodo.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-03
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2786545-9
    ISSN 2352-3409 ; 2352-3409
    ISSN (online) 2352-3409
    ISSN 2352-3409
    DOI 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109031
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book ; Online: MOLISENS

    Goelles, Thomas / Hammer, Tobias / Muckenhuber, Stefan / Schlager, Birgit / Abermann, Jakob / Bauer, Christian / Expósito Jiménez, Víctor J. / Schöner, Wolfgang / Schratter, Markus / Schrei, Benjamin / Senger, Kim

    eISSN: 2193-0864

    MObile LIdar SENsor System to exploit the potential of small industrial lidar devices for geoscientific applications

    2022  

    Abstract: We propose a newly developed modular MObile LIdar SENsor System (MOLISENS) to enable new applications for small industrial lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors. The stand-alone modular setup supports both monitoring of dynamic processes and mobile ...

    Abstract We propose a newly developed modular MObile LIdar SENsor System (MOLISENS) to enable new applications for small industrial lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors. The stand-alone modular setup supports both monitoring of dynamic processes and mobile mapping applications based on SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithms. The main objective of MOLISENS is to exploit newly emerging perception sensor technologies developed for the automotive industry for geoscientific applications. However, MOLISENS can also be used for other application areas, such as 3D mapping of buildings or vehicle-independent data collection for sensor performance assessment and sensor modeling. Compared to TLSs, small industrial lidar sensors provide advantages in terms of size (on the order of 10 cm ), weight (on the order of 1 kg or less), price (typically between EUR 5000 and 10 000), robustness (typical protection class of IP68), frame rates (typically 10–20 Hz ), and eye safety class (typically 1). For these reasons, small industrial lidar systems can provide a very useful complement to currently used TLS (terrestrial laser scanner) systems that have their strengths in range and accuracy performance. The MOLISENS hardware setup consists of a sensor unit, a data logger, and a battery pack to support stand-alone and mobile applications. The sensor unit includes the small industrial lidar Ouster OS1-64 Gen1, a ublox multi-band active GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with the possibility for RTK (real-time kinematic), and a nine-axis Xsens IMU (inertial measurement unit). Special emphasis was put on the robustness of the individual components of MOLISENS to support operations in rough field and adverse weather conditions. The sensor unit has a standard tripod thread for easy mounting on various platforms. The current setup of MOLISENS has a horizontal field of view of 360 ∘ , a vertical field of view with a 45 ∘ opening angle, a range of 120 m, a spatial resolution of a few centimeters, and a temporal resolution ...
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-02
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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