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  1. AU="Schofield, Paul"
  2. AU="Maenhout, Thomas"
  3. AU="Hall, John C"
  4. AU="Ho, Chun-Ming"
  5. AU="Dymond, Ian W"
  6. AU="Álvarez, María Noel"
  7. AU="J. Muñoz i Vidal"
  8. AU="Zeng, Guangming"
  9. AU="Luigi Mazzeo, Pier"
  10. AU="Danilova, Olga V"
  11. AU="Jian, Shang"
  12. AU="Jae-Gyu Jeon"
  13. AU="Andrade, Letícia G."
  14. AU="Hosseinzadeh, Sara Ali"
  15. AU="Lee, Kristen"
  16. AU="Gentile, Giulia"
  17. AU="Shoben, Abigail B."
  18. AU="Rowe, Elizabeth"
  19. AU="Pandemic Response COVID-19 Research Collaboration Platform for HCQ/CQ Pooled Analyses"
  20. AU="Rahali, Anwar"
  21. AU="Zhang, Zhuang-Wei"
  22. AU="Townsend, Elizabeth C"
  23. AU="Lange, Mona V"
  24. AU="Bruner, Brenda G"
  25. AU="Michael Craigen"
  26. AU="Lambard, G."
  27. AU="Dempsey, Connor P"
  28. AU=Li Youxian
  29. AU="Bhosale, Chanakya R"

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Treffer 1 - 10 von insgesamt 186

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  1. Artikel ; Online: Editorial.

    Schofield, Paul / Mothersill, Carmel

    International journal of radiation biology

    2022  Band 98, Heft 6, Seite(n) 997–998

    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-06-08
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Editorial
    ZDB-ID 3065-x
    ISSN 1362-3095 ; 0020-7616 ; 0955-3002
    ISSN (online) 1362-3095
    ISSN 0020-7616 ; 0955-3002
    DOI 10.1080/09553002.2022.2084282
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Buch: Insulin-like growth factors

    Schofield, Paul N.

    structure and biological functions

    (Oxford medical publications)

    1992  

    Verfasserangabe ed. by Paul N. Schofield
    Serientitel Oxford medical publications
    Schlagwörter Somatomedins / physiology ; Somatomedins / ultrastructure ; Insulin-like Growth Factor ; Ultrastruktur ; Physiologische Chemie
    Schlagwörter IGF ; ILGF ; Insulinähnlicher Wachstumsfaktor ; Chemische Physiologie ; Biochemische Medizin ; Medizinische Biochemie
    Umfang XII, 284 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Verlag Oxford Univ. Press
    Erscheinungsort Oxford u.a.
    Erscheinungsland Vereinigtes Königreich
    Dokumenttyp Buch
    HBZ-ID HT004204446
    ISBN 0-19-854270-4 ; 978-0-19-854270-4
    Datenquelle Katalog ZB MED Medizin, Gesundheit

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Contribution of model organism phenotypes to the computational identification of human disease genes.

    Alghamdi, Sarah M / Schofield, Paul N / Hoehndorf, Robert

    Disease models & mechanisms

    2022  Band 15, Heft 7

    Abstract: Computing phenotypic similarity helps identify new disease genes and diagnose rare diseases. Genotype-phenotype data from orthologous genes in model organisms can compensate for lack of human data and increase genome coverage. In the past decade, cross- ... ...

    Abstract Computing phenotypic similarity helps identify new disease genes and diagnose rare diseases. Genotype-phenotype data from orthologous genes in model organisms can compensate for lack of human data and increase genome coverage. In the past decade, cross-species phenotype comparisons have proven valuble, and several ontologies have been developed for this purpose. The relative contribution of different model organisms to computational identification of disease-associated genes is not fully explored. We used phenotype ontologies to semantically relate phenotypes resulting from loss-of-function mutations in model organisms to disease-associated phenotypes in humans. Semantic machine learning methods were used to measure the contribution of different model organisms to the identification of known human gene-disease associations. We found that mouse genotype-phenotype data provided the most important dataset in the identification of human disease genes by semantic similarity and machine learning over phenotype ontologies. Other model organisms' data did not improve identification over that obtained using the mouse alone, and therefore did not contribute significantly to this task. Our work impacts on the development of integrated phenotype ontologies, as well as for the use of model organism phenotypes in human genetic variant interpretation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Computational Biology/methods ; Genome ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Rare Diseases ; Semantics
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-08-03
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2451104-3
    ISSN 1754-8411 ; 1754-8403
    ISSN (online) 1754-8411
    ISSN 1754-8403
    DOI 10.1242/dmm.049441
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Datasets of in vitro clonogenic assays showing low dose hyper-radiosensitivity and induced radioresistance.

    Polgár, Szabolcs / Schofield, Paul N / Madas, Balázs G

    Scientific data

    2022  Band 9, Heft 1, Seite(n) 555

    Abstract: Low dose hyper-radiosensitivity and induced radioresistance are primarily observed in surviving fractions of cell populations exposed to ionizing radiation, plotted as the function of absorbed dose. Several biophysical models have been developed to ... ...

    Abstract Low dose hyper-radiosensitivity and induced radioresistance are primarily observed in surviving fractions of cell populations exposed to ionizing radiation, plotted as the function of absorbed dose. Several biophysical models have been developed to quantitatively describe these phenomena. However, there is a lack of raw, openly available experimental data to support the development and validation of quantitative models. The aim of this study was to set up a database of experimental data from the public literature. Using Google Scholar search, 46 publications with 101 datasets on the dose-dependence of surviving fractions, with clear evidence of low dose hyper-radiosensitivity, were identified. Surviving fractions, their uncertainties, and the corresponding absorbed doses were digitized from graphs of the publications. The characteristics of the cell line and the irradiation were also recorded, along with the parameters of the linear-quadratic model and/or the induced repair model if they were provided. The database is available in STORE
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Databases, Factual ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Radiation Tolerance/radiation effects
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-09-08
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Dataset ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2775191-0
    ISSN 2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
    ISSN (online) 2052-4463
    ISSN 2052-4463
    DOI 10.1038/s41597-022-01653-3
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: SURVEY ON DATA MANAGEMENT IN RADIATION PROTECTION RESEARCH.

    Madas, Balázs G / Schofield, Paul N

    Radiation protection dosimetry

    2018  Band 183, Heft 1-2, Seite(n) 233–236

    Abstract: The importance of datasharing is of increasing concern to funding bodies and institutions. With some prescience, the radiobiology community has established datasharing infrastructures over the last two decades, including STORE; however, the utilization ... ...

    Abstract The importance of datasharing is of increasing concern to funding bodies and institutions. With some prescience, the radiobiology community has established datasharing infrastructures over the last two decades, including STORE; however, the utilization of these databases is disappointing. The aim of the present study was to identify the current state of datasharing amongst researchers in radiation protection, and to identify barriers to effective sharing. An electronic survey was prepared, including questions on post-publication data provision, institutional, funding agency, and journal policies, awareness of datasharing infrastructures, attitudinal barriers and technical support. The survey was sent to the members of a mailing list maintained by the EC funded CONCERT project. Responses identified that the radiation protection community shared similar concerns to other groups canvassed in earlier studies; the perceived negative impact of datasharing on competitiveness, career development and reputation, along with concern about the costs of data management. More surprising was the lack of awareness of existing datasharing platforms. We find that there is a clear need for education and training in data management and for a significant programme of improving awareness of Open Data issues.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Radiation Protection ; Radiobiology ; Research ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-12-03
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 225912-6
    ISSN 1742-3406 ; 0144-8420
    ISSN (online) 1742-3406
    ISSN 0144-8420
    DOI 10.1093/rpd/ncy250
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Living inside the box: environmental effects on mouse models of human disease.

    Sundberg, John P / Schofield, Paul N

    Disease models & mechanisms

    2018  Band 11, Heft 10

    Abstract: The impact of the laboratory environment on animal models of human disease, particularly the mouse, has recently come under intense scrutiny regarding both the reproducibility of such environments and their ability to accurately recapitulate elements of ... ...

    Abstract The impact of the laboratory environment on animal models of human disease, particularly the mouse, has recently come under intense scrutiny regarding both the reproducibility of such environments and their ability to accurately recapitulate elements of human environmental conditions. One common objection to the use of mice in highly controlled facilities is that humans live in much more diverse and stressful environments, which affects the expression and characteristics of disease phenotypes. In this Special Article, we review some of the known effects of the laboratory environment on mouse phenotypes and compare them with environmental effects on humans that modify phenotypes or, in some cases, have driven genetic adaptation. We conclude that the 'boxes' inhabited by mice and humans have much in common, but that, when attempting to tease out the effects of environment on phenotype, a controlled and, importantly, well-characterized environment is essential.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Carcinogens/toxicity ; Diet ; Disease Models, Animal ; Environment ; Humans ; Immunity ; Laboratories
    Chemische Substanzen Carcinogens
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-10-01
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ISSN 1754-8411
    ISSN (online) 1754-8411
    DOI 10.1242/dmm.035360
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel: Chromium (VI) Inhibition of Low pH Bioleaching of Limonitic Nickel-Cobalt Ore.

    Santos, Ana Laura / Dybowska, Agnieszka / Schofield, Paul F / Herrington, Richard J / Cibin, Giannantonio / Johnson, D Barrie

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2022  Band 12, Seite(n) 802991

    Abstract: Limonitic layers of the regolith, which are often stockpiled as waste materials at laterite mines, commonly contain significant concentrations of valuable base metals, such as nickel, cobalt, and manganese. There is currently considerable demand for ... ...

    Abstract Limonitic layers of the regolith, which are often stockpiled as waste materials at laterite mines, commonly contain significant concentrations of valuable base metals, such as nickel, cobalt, and manganese. There is currently considerable demand for these transition metals, and this is projected to continue to increase (alongside their commodity values) during the next few decades, due in the most part to their use in battery and renewable technologies. Limonite bioprocessing is an emerging technology that often uses acidophilic prokaryotes to catalyse the oxidation of zero-valent sulphur coupled to the reduction of Fe (III) and Mn (IV) minerals, resulting in the release of target metals. Chromium-bearing minerals, such as chromite, where the metal is present as Cr (III), are widespread in laterite deposits. However, there are also reports that the more oxidised and more biotoxic form of this metal [Cr (VI)] may be present in some limonites, formed by the oxidation of Cr (III) by manganese (IV) oxides. Bioleaching experiments carried out in laboratory-scale reactors using limonites from a laterite mine in New Caledonia found that solid densities of ∼10% w/v resulted in complete inhibition of iron reduction by acidophiles, which is a critical reaction in the reductive dissolution process. Further investigations found this to be due to the release of Cr (VI) in the acidic liquors. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy analysis of the limonites used found that between 3.1 and 8.0% of the total chromium in the three limonite samples used in experiments was present in the raw materials as Cr (VI). Microbial inhibition due to Cr (VI) could be eliminated either by adding limonite incrementally or by the addition of ferrous iron, which reduces Cr (VI) to less toxic Cr (III), resulting in rates of extraction of cobalt (the main target metal in the experiments) of >90%.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-01-11
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2021.802991
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Artikel ; Online: A laboratory challenge model for evaluating enyterocytozoon hepatopenaei susceptibility in selected lines of pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei.

    Caro, Luis Fernando Aranguren / Mai, Hung N / Schofield, Paul / R Alenton, Rod Russel

    Journal of invertebrate pathology

    2022  Band 196, Seite(n) 107853

    Abstract: Here we report for the first time a laboratory challenge model for Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) to determine the difference of two Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) lines of Penaeus vannamei shrimp. These lines were experimentally challenged using EHP- ... ...

    Abstract Here we report for the first time a laboratory challenge model for Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) to determine the difference of two Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) lines of Penaeus vannamei shrimp. These lines were experimentally challenged using EHP-infected fecal strings as inoculum. Real-time PCR and histopathology assays were performed to confirm EHP infection and evaluate differences in EHP susceptibility in the two genetic lines screened. Although the histopathology of the hepatopancreas tissue showed EHP lesions in both challenged groups, the histological lesions were more pronounced in one of the SPF lines. Quantitative PCR results revealed that animals displaying less hepatocellular damage have lower EHP load compared to animals displaying more pronounced pathological changes. There was no significant difference in final survival at 36 days post-infection in these lines with survival ranging between 80 and 100%. The data showed that mortality as an endpoint metric is not a suitable parameter to determine genetic susceptibility to EHP. Instead, histopathological changes in hepatopancreas, EHP load of the same tissue, and growth retardation would be better metrics to screen EHP susceptibility in P. vannamei. The results show the feasibility of screening genetic lines of P. vannamei for EHP resistance/tolerance using fecal string as an inoculum and, assessing histopathological changes, EHP load, and weight as indicators of resistance.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Penaeidae/genetics ; Feces ; Enterocytozoon/genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-11-14
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 390885-9
    ISSN 1096-0805 ; 0022-2011
    ISSN (online) 1096-0805
    ISSN 0022-2011
    DOI 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107853
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Evolving paradigms for the biological response to low dose ionizing radiation; the role of epigenetics.

    Schofield, Paul N / Kondratowicz, Monika

    International journal of radiation biology

    2017  Band 94, Heft 8, Seite(n) 769–781

    Abstract: Purpose: In the late 1990s, it had become clear that the long-standing paradigm for the action of radiation on living cells and organisms did not have sufficient power to explain the observed effects of low dose ionizing radiation. The purpose of this ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: In the late 1990s, it had become clear that the long-standing paradigm for the action of radiation on living cells and organisms did not have sufficient power to explain the observed effects of low dose ionizing radiation. The purpose of this commentary is to examine the experiments that lead up to the modification of the classic paradigm consequent on these observations, their historical precedents, and the development of our understanding of the role of epigenetics in low dose radiation effects.
    Results and conclusions: We discuss how parallel advances in epigenetics from developmental biology and cancer studies, and the discovery of epigenetic modifications of chromatin, such as DNA methylation, impacted on the development of an epigenetic paradigm for low dose effects. We also assess the impact of technology development in supporting the paradigm shift. We then examine recent accumulated data on epigenetic modification in response to irradiation since that shift took place, and identify areas where bringing together data from developmental biology and cancer might answer some of the paradoxes and contradictions in this data. We predict that further paradigm shifts are imminent.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; DNA Methylation/radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epigenesis, Genetic/radiation effects ; Genomic Instability/radiation effects ; Humans ; Radiation Exposure/adverse effects
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2017-12-01
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 3065-x
    ISSN 1362-3095 ; 0020-7616 ; 0955-3002
    ISSN (online) 1362-3095
    ISSN 0020-7616 ; 0955-3002
    DOI 10.1080/09553002.2017.1388548
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Artikel ; Online: X-ray-induced bio-acoustic emissions from cultured cells.

    Matarèse, Bruno F E / Rahmoune, Hassan / Vo, Nguyen T K / Seymour, Colin B / Schofield, Paul N / Mothersill, Carmel

    International journal of radiation biology

    2023  Band 99, Heft 8, Seite(n) 1285–1290

    Abstract: Purpose: We characterize for the first time the emission of acoustic waves from cultured cells irradiated with X-ray photon radiation.: Methods and materials: Human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HL-60) and control cell-free media were exposed to 1 Gy X- ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: We characterize for the first time the emission of acoustic waves from cultured cells irradiated with X-ray photon radiation.
    Methods and materials: Human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HL-60) and control cell-free media were exposed to 1 Gy X-ray photons while recording the sound generated before, during and after irradiation using custom large-bandwidth ultrasound transducer. The effects of dose rate and cell viability were investigated.
    Results: We report the first recorded acoustic signals captured from a collective pressure wave response to ionizing irradiation in cell culture. The acoustic signal was co-terminous with the radiation pulse, its magnitude was dependent on radiation dose rate, and live and dead cells showed qualitatively and quantitatively different acoustic signal characteristics. The signature of the collective acoustic peaks was temporally wider and with higher acoustic power for irradiated HL-60 than for irradiated MCF-7.
    Conclusions: We show that X-ray irradiation induces two cultured cancer cell types to emit a characteristic acoustic signal for the duration of the radiation pulse. The rapid decay of the signal excludes acoustic emissions themselves from contributing to the inter-organism bystander signal previously reported in intact animals, but they remain a potential component of the bystander process in tissues and cell cultures. This preliminary study suggests that further work on the potential role of radiation-induced acoustic emission (RIAE) in the inter-cellular bystander effect is merited.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Humans ; X-Rays ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiography ; Cell Line ; Bystander Effect/radiation effects ; Acoustics
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-01-04
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3065-x
    ISSN 1362-3095 ; 0020-7616 ; 0955-3002
    ISSN (online) 1362-3095
    ISSN 0020-7616 ; 0955-3002
    DOI 10.1080/09553002.2023.2158248
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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