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  1. Article ; Online: Medication Experiences.

    Schommer, Jon C

    Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 2

    Abstract: Welcome to the "Medication Experiences" Special Issue in the journal-Pharmacy-an open access journal focused on pharmacy education and practice [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract Welcome to the "Medication Experiences" Special Issue in the journal-Pharmacy-an open access journal focused on pharmacy education and practice [...].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2737194-3
    ISSN 2226-4787 ; 2226-4787
    ISSN (online) 2226-4787
    ISSN 2226-4787
    DOI 10.3390/pharmacy9020079
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A Message from the Editor-in-Chief for

    Schommer, Jon C

    Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 2

    Abstract: Dear Reader ... ...

    Abstract Dear Reader of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2737194-3
    ISSN 2226-4787 ; 2226-4787
    ISSN (online) 2226-4787
    ISSN 2226-4787
    DOI 10.3390/pharmacy9020073
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Medication Use and Storage, and Their Potential Risks in US Households.

    Lee, SuHak / Schommer, Jon C

    Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 1

    Abstract: Background: Medications stored in US households may pose risks to vulnerable populations and the environment, potentially increasing societal costs. Research regarding these aspects is scant, and interventions like medication reuse may alleviate ... ...

    Abstract Background: Medications stored in US households may pose risks to vulnerable populations and the environment, potentially increasing societal costs. Research regarding these aspects is scant, and interventions like medication reuse may alleviate negative consequences. The purpose of this study was to describe medications stored in US households, gauge their potential risk to minors (under 18 years of age), pets, and the environment, and estimate potential costs of unused medications.
    Methods: A survey of 220 US Qualtrics panel members was completed regarding medications stored at home. Published literature guided data coding for risks to minors, pets, and the environment and for estimating potential costs of unused medications.
    Results: Of the 192 households who provided usable and complete data, 154 (80%) reported storing a medication at home. Most medications were taken daily for chronic diseases. The majority of households with residents or guests who are minors and those with pets reported storing medications with a high risk of poisoning in easily accessible areas such as counters. Regarding risk to the aquatic environment, 46% of the medications had published data regarding this risk. For those with published data, 42% presented a level of significant risk to the aquatic environment. Unused medications stored at home had an estimated potential cost of $98 million at a national level. Implications/Conclusions: Medications stored at home may pose risks to vulnerable populations and the environment. More research regarding medications stored in households and their risks is required to develop innovative interventions such as medication reuse to prevent any potential harm.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2737194-3
    ISSN 2226-4787 ; 2226-4787
    ISSN (online) 2226-4787
    ISSN 2226-4787
    DOI 10.3390/pharmacy10010027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Pharmacist Services.

    Schommer, Jon C / Olson, Anthony W

    Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

    2019  Volume 7, Issue 4

    Abstract: Welcome to the "Pharmacist Services" special issue in the journal Pharmacy, an open access journal with a focus on pharmacy education and practice [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract Welcome to the "Pharmacist Services" special issue in the journal Pharmacy, an open access journal with a focus on pharmacy education and practice [...].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2737194-3
    ISSN 2226-4787 ; 2226-4787
    ISSN (online) 2226-4787
    ISSN 2226-4787
    DOI 10.3390/pharmacy7040141
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Medication Adherence and Compliance: Recipe for Improving Patient Outcomes.

    Aremu, Taiwo Opeyemi / Oluwole, Oluwatosin Esther / Adeyinka, Kehinde Oluwatosin / Schommer, Jon C

    Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 5

    Abstract: The indices of patients' health outcomes have historically included recurrence of symptoms, number of emergency visits, hospitalization and re-admission rates, morbidity, and mortality. As significant healthcare players, providers can influence these ... ...

    Abstract The indices of patients' health outcomes have historically included recurrence of symptoms, number of emergency visits, hospitalization and re-admission rates, morbidity, and mortality. As significant healthcare players, providers can influence these events, including the timeliness of diagnosis and disease management, the cost of treatment, access to health insurance, and medication adherence. Beyond healthcare availability and access, the ability of patients to adhere to providers' treatment recommendations goes a long way to serve as a recipe for improving patient outcomes. Unfortunately, medication nonadherence has been prevalent, culminating in worsened health conditions, increased cost of care, and increased healthcare spending. This article provides some innovative ideas and good considerations for encouraging medication adherence. Improving providers' and patients' education and adopting active and passive communication, including consented reminders, could enhance compliance. Embracing partnerships between providers' organizations and faith-based and community organizations could drive adherence. Adopting an income-based cap on out-of-pocket spending and adapting the physical properties, bioavailability, and dosage regimen of medications to accommodate diverse patient population preferences could encourage refills and compliance. Good medication adherence can culminate in improved patient outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2737194-3
    ISSN 2226-4787 ; 2226-4787
    ISSN (online) 2226-4787
    ISSN 2226-4787
    DOI 10.3390/pharmacy10050106
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: What drives job satisfaction among community pharmacists? An application of relative importance analysis.

    Fadare, Olajide O / Witry, Matthew J / Gaither, Caroline A / Doucette, William R / Schommer, Jon C

    Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy

    2023  Volume 9, Page(s) 100237

    Abstract: Background: Pharmacy employers want to improve pharmacists' job satisfaction, but ratings of job satisfaction are highly subjective, as evaluating job satisfaction involves weighing simultaneously the importance of multiple correlated determinants that ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pharmacy employers want to improve pharmacists' job satisfaction, but ratings of job satisfaction are highly subjective, as evaluating job satisfaction involves weighing simultaneously the importance of multiple correlated determinants that are often perceived unequally.
    Objectives: To 1) describe the application of relative importance analysis in estimating the predictive ability of correlated determinants of job satisfaction, and to rank the determinants in order of relative importance, and 2) explore how the perceived relative importance of job satisfaction predictors may vary across community pharmacists' age, gender, and work setting categories.
    Methods: Data were obtained from the 2019 National Pharmacy Workforce Survey administered to 96,110 licensed U.S. pharmacists. Multiple regression analysis (MR) and relative weight analysis (RWA) were used to assess the predictive ability of determinants to explain pharmacists' job satisfaction. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore variations in the perceived relative importance of predictors across pharmacists' age, gender and work setting categories.
    Results: Over the entire sample of community pharmacists, no personal experience of workplace discrimination [RW = 0.0613, rank = 1] and less reported engagement in advanced dispensing activities [RW = 0.0235, rank = 2] were most associated with greater job satisfaction, as both predictors jointly accounted for 67.5% of the predicted criterion variance (
    Conclusions: Relative importance analysis corroborated multiple regression and provided a more interpretable presentation of variable influence on community pharmacists job satisfaction as the importance of personal and workplace characteristics in how pharmacists evaluate their job satisfaction varied across age, gender and work setting categories.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-2766
    ISSN (online) 2667-2766
    DOI 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100237
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Investigation of predictors influencing patient-pharmacist relationship establishment.

    Adekunle, Olajide A / Olson, Anthony W / Schommer, Jon C / Brown, Lawrence M

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA

    2022  Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 853–862

    Abstract: Background: A strong patient-pharmacist relationship is tied to patients' trust and confidence in pharmacists and pharmacy services. While past research has described patient-pharmacist relationship archetypes (i.e., "customer," "client," "partner") ... ...

    Abstract Background: A strong patient-pharmacist relationship is tied to patients' trust and confidence in pharmacists and pharmacy services. While past research has described patient-pharmacist relationship archetypes (i.e., "customer," "client," "partner") with potential to help pharmacists initially understand patients' preferences and expectations of care and services, little is known about potential factors that underlie these preferences and expectations.
    Objectives: This study was aimed to [1] compare the prevalence of the current and desired patient-pharmacist relationships archetypes reported by patients and [2] identify the sociodemographic, health, and medication use and procurement factors predictive of the archetypes representing patients' current relationship with outpatient pharmacists.
    Methods: Data from 1521 patients were collected via the 2021 National Consumer Survey on Medication Experience and Pharmacists' Role. Patient-pharmacist relationship distribution across patients' sociodemographic characteristics was explored using crosstabulations. Multinomial logistic regression was also used to investigate the association between patient sociodemographic characteristics and the current patient-pharmacist archetype relationships.
    Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.9 years and 57.3% were married. Thirty-two percent of the patients reported currently having a "Customer" relationship, while 17.9% and 15.2% reported having a "Client" and "Partner" archetype relationship, respectively. "Client" (25.2%) and "Partner" (20.2%) relationships were the most commonly preferred archetypal relationships. The odds ratios (OR) of having "Client" or "Partner" relationships increased with the number of patients' health conditions and medications. Patients who visited independently owned and clinic pharmacies had a higher OR of building professional relationships with a pharmacist.
    Conclusion: The qualities of a patient-pharmacist relationship may be associated with key patient characteristics. Pharmacists can build relationships with patients informed by a continuum of patient preferences, expectations, and needs to optimize health outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pharmacists ; Community Pharmacy Services ; Outpatients ; Professional Role ; Logistic Models
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2118585-2
    ISSN 1544-3450 ; 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    ISSN (online) 1544-3450
    ISSN 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    DOI 10.1016/j.japh.2022.12.024
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Influence of patient-pharmacist relationship on willingness to accept pharmacist-provided services.

    Adekunle, Olajide A / Olson, Anthony W / Schommer, Jon C / Brown, Lawrence M

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA

    2022  Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 760–768.e1

    Abstract: Background: Willingness to accept various pharmacist-provided services such as health promotion and medication management is still considered low. Evidence suggests that patient experience and socio-demographics partially explain patient willingness to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Willingness to accept various pharmacist-provided services such as health promotion and medication management is still considered low. Evidence suggests that patient experience and socio-demographics partially explain patient willingness to use pharmacy services. However, the influence of a patient's relationship with their pharmacist may provide additional explanatory power.
    Objectives: The aims of the study were to [1] explore the willingness to accept pharmacy services across patients' relationship with pharmacists and [2] evaluate the association between the patient-pharmacist relationship and patients' willingness to accept pharmacist-provided services.
    Methods: A total of 1521 respondents' data on the types of patient-pharmacist relationships and willingness to accept dispensing, drug information, medication management, and health promotional services were collected from the 2021 National Consumer Survey on Medication Experience and Pharmacists' Role. Willingness scores across the groups were evaluated using chi-square and analysis of variance. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between patient-pharmacist relationships and willingness to accept pharmacist-provided services.
    Results: More respondents were "definitely willing" to accept dispensing services (68.5%) and drug information (68.3%), while 56.5% and 50.1% were "definitely willing" to accept health promotion and medication management services, respectively. While respondents with "customer" and "client" archetype relationships were definitely willing to accept the 4 categories of pharmacy services, the highest proportion of respondents definitely willing to accept the services was observed among those with "partner" archetype relationships. Willingness scores increased significantly across the archetype relationships. Respondents with a "partner" archetype relationship had the highest and most significant odds ratio of accepting all the categories of pharmacist-provided services.
    Conclusion: Willingness to accept services from pharmacists increased as the level of the patient-pharmacist relationship grew. Patients in "partner" archetype relationship were significantly more likely to accept all categories of pharmacist-provided services. Pharmacists are encouraged to embrace the patient-pharmacist relationship continuum to optimize patient care.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pharmacists ; Pharmaceutical Services ; Community Pharmacy Services ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2118585-2
    ISSN 1544-3450 ; 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    ISSN (online) 1544-3450
    ISSN 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
    DOI 10.1016/j.japh.2022.12.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Moral Distress and Moral Injury in Pharmacy and Why the Academy Needs to Care.

    Alvarez, Nancy A / Gaither, Caroline A / Schommer, Jon C / Lee, SuHak / Shaughnessy, April M

    American journal of pharmaceutical education

    2023  Volume 87, Issue 12, Page(s) 100610

    Abstract: Pharmacists and other pharmacy personnel are experiencing job stress and burnout, and in some instances, suicidal ideation and death by suicide. However, the described lived experiences of pharmacists and other pharmacy personnel are not defined by ... ...

    Abstract Pharmacists and other pharmacy personnel are experiencing job stress and burnout, and in some instances, suicidal ideation and death by suicide. However, the described lived experiences of pharmacists and other pharmacy personnel are not defined by burnout. Thus, consideration of and research about whether pharmacy personnel are possibly experiencing moral distress or moral injury is necessary and urgent. The pharmacy academy is served by considering workplace conditions and lived experiences of pharmacists because of the potential, negative impact on prospective student recruitment, quality of experiential sites and preceptors, sites for clinical faculty placement, and the well-being of alumni. Understanding phenomena occurring for pharmacy personnel and determining how they impact the pharmacy academy can lend itself to the future development of solutions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Education, Pharmacy ; Pharmacy ; Pharmacies ; Burnout, Professional ; Morals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603807-4
    ISSN 1553-6467 ; 0002-9459
    ISSN (online) 1553-6467
    ISSN 0002-9459
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100610
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Pharmacy Technicians' Willingness to Perform Emerging Tasks in Community Practice.

    Doucette, William R / Schommer, Jon C

    Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

    2018  Volume 6, Issue 4

    Abstract: New tasks are being developed for pharmacy technicians in community practice. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the willingness of community pharmacy technicians to perform new tasks, and (2) to identify factors affecting technicians in ... ...

    Abstract New tasks are being developed for pharmacy technicians in community practice. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the willingness of community pharmacy technicians to perform new tasks, and (2) to identify factors affecting technicians in assuming new tasks in community pharmacy practice. An online survey asked about the respondent characteristics, involvement in pharmacy technician tasks, willingness to perform emerging pharmacy technician tasks, and influences on pharmacy technicians' performance of emerging tasks. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all items. A total of 639 usable surveys from community pharmacy technicians were used in the analyses. The respondents reported a mean of 11.5 years working as a pharmacy technician, with 79.2% working full time. Technicians reported high willingness to perform four emerging tasks, moderate willingness for six tasks, and low willingness to perform two tasks. The low willingness tasks were administering a vaccination and drawing a blood sample with a finger stick. Four workplace influences on willingness to perform emerging tasks were insufficient staffing, insufficient time to complete additional tasks, employers not classifying technicians based on specialized skills, and usually feeling stress at work. It appears likely that pharmacy technicians will be willing to perform the new tasks needed to support the emerging patient care services in community pharmacies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2737194-3
    ISSN 2226-4787 ; 2226-4787
    ISSN (online) 2226-4787
    ISSN 2226-4787
    DOI 10.3390/pharmacy6040113
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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