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  1. Article ; Online: Changes in vaccine attitudes and recommendations among US Healthcare Personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Dudley, Matthew Z / Schuh, Holly B / Forr, Amanda / Shaw, Jana / Salmon, Daniel A

    NPJ vaccines

    2024  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 49

    Abstract: A recommendation from healthcare personnel (HCP) is a strong predictor of vaccination. This study aimed to measure how HCP vaccine attitudes and recommendations changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCP were surveyed in January 2023 using a double opt-in ...

    Abstract A recommendation from healthcare personnel (HCP) is a strong predictor of vaccination. This study aimed to measure how HCP vaccine attitudes and recommendations changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCP were surveyed in January 2023 using a double opt-in network panel. Survey responses were summarized and stratified by HCP type and COVID-19 booster status. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Comparisons were made to a September 2021 survey, with differences tested for significance (p < 0.05) using Pearson's χ
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2059-0105
    ISSN (online) 2059-0105
    DOI 10.1038/s41541-024-00826-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Attitudes and Values of US Adults Not Yet Up-to-Date on COVID-19 Vaccines in September 2022.

    Dudley, Matthew Z / Schuh, Holly B / Shaw, Jana / Salmon, Daniel A

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 12

    Abstract: 1) Background: Periodic resurgences in COVID-19 due to more contagious variants highlight the need to increase coverage of booster doses. (2) Methods: Our September 2022 nationally representative survey of US adults measured COVID-19 vaccination status, ...

    Abstract (1) Background: Periodic resurgences in COVID-19 due to more contagious variants highlight the need to increase coverage of booster doses. (2) Methods: Our September 2022 nationally representative survey of US adults measured COVID-19 vaccination status, intentions, attitudes, values, and confidence in information sources. (3) Findings: Although 85% of the weighted sample reported receiving at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, only 63% reported being up-to-date on COVID-19 vaccines (e.g., received a booster dose). Only 12% of those not yet up-to-date indicated they were likely to get up-to-date as soon as possible, whereas 42% were unlikely to ever get up-to-date, and 46% were still uncertain. Most of those not up-to-date on their COVID-19 vaccines were under 45 years of age (58%), without a bachelor's degree (76%), making under $75,000 annually (53%), and Republican or Independent (82%). Prevalent concerns about COVID-19 vaccines among those uncertain about getting up-to-date included: potential side effects that have not been figured out yet (88%), speed of development (77%), newness (75%), ingredients (69%), drug companies making money (67%), allergic reactions (65%), and experimenting on people (63%). (4) Conclusions: Nearly half of adults not yet up-to-date on COVID-19 vaccines were uncertain about doing so, indicating an opportunity to support their decision-making.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12123932
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Knowledge, attitudes, and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccination in the general population and the effect of different framing messages for a brief video on intentions to get vaccinated among unvaccinated individuals in the United States during July 2021.

    Zapf, Alexander J / Schuh, Holly B / Dudley, Matthew Z / Rimal, Rajiv N / Harvey, Steven A / Shaw, Jana / Balgobin, Kristian / Salmon, Daniel A

    Patient education and counseling

    2024  Volume 124, Page(s) 108258

    Abstract: Objective: To identify knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KABs) associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions and assess the impact of vaccine-promoting messages on vaccination intentions.: Methods: Our nationally representative survey measured ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To identify knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KABs) associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions and assess the impact of vaccine-promoting messages on vaccination intentions.
    Methods: Our nationally representative survey measured KABs of COVID-19 vaccination and incorporated a randomized experiment to assess the impact of different framing messages for a video encouraging vaccination intentions among unvaccinated adults in the US. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to investigate the relationships of KABs, trust in public health authorities (PHAs), and vaccine confidence with vaccination intentions. Difference-in-difference estimation was conducted to assess the impact of framing messages for a video on unvaccinated individuals' vaccination intentions.
    Results: We observed that people with increasingly favorable vaccine KABs, trust in PHAs, and vaccine confidence were more likely to be vaccinated or intend to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Difference-in-difference estimates indicated a positive impact of exposure to the video on vaccination intentions while framing messages in some cases appeared to lower vaccination intentions. Associations between the video and vaccination intentions were more pronounced among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx populations and Democrats; however, associations did not vary by trust in PHAs or vaccine confidence.
    Conclusion: Videos that encourage people to get vaccinated may provide an efficient approach to nudge vaccine-hesitant individuals towards getting vaccinated. However, framing messages may negatively impact vaccination intentions and need to be developed carefully.
    Practice implications: This study provides solid experimental evidence for the importance of tailoring message framing to the characteristics and experience of the audience, while cautioning potential negative impacts of framing that does not match its intended audience. Our findings are applicable to health communication strategies on the population level, such as mass media campaigns, and the use of framing for messages to encourage vaccination but may also be informative for healthcare professionals consulting hesitant individuals about COVID-19 vaccinations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605590-4
    ISSN 1873-5134 ; 0738-3991
    ISSN (online) 1873-5134
    ISSN 0738-3991
    DOI 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108258
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Attitudes toward COVID-19 and Other Vaccines: Comparing Parents to Other Adults, September 2022.

    Dudley, Matthew Z / Schuh, Holly B / Goryn, Michelle / Shaw, Jana / Salmon, Daniel A

    Vaccines

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 12

    Abstract: Few analyses of COVID-19 vaccine attitudes also cover routine vaccines or focus on parents. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed US adults in September 2022, immediately following the authorization of updated bivalent COVID-19 boosters for adults ... ...

    Abstract Few analyses of COVID-19 vaccine attitudes also cover routine vaccines or focus on parents. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed US adults in September 2022, immediately following the authorization of updated bivalent COVID-19 boosters for adults but before their authorization for children. The vaccine attitudes of parents were compared to other adults. Fewer parents were up-to-date on COVID-19 vaccines than other adults (54% vs. 67%), even after adjusting for age, education, and race/ethnicity (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.58; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.45-0.76). More parents had concerns about COVID-19 vaccines' safety in children (67% vs. 58%; aOR: 1.59; 95%CI: 1.23-2.06) and vaccine ingredients (52% vs. 45%; aOR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.09-1.81), and more parents perceived COVID-19 in children to be no worse than a cold or the flu (51% vs. 38%; aOR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.22-2.01). Fewer parents supported COVID-19 vaccine school requirements (52% vs. 57%; aOR: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.58-0.97) and perceived high vaccine coverage among their friends (51% vs. 61%; aOR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.46-0.78). However, three-quarters of parents intended their child to receive all routinely recommended vaccines, whereas only half of adults intended to receive all routinely recommended vaccines themselves. To improve parental informed vaccine decision-making, public health must ensure pediatric providers have updated resources to support their discussions of vaccine risks and benefits with their patients' parents.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines11121735
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccination among different types of US Healthcare Personnel.

    Dudley, Matthew Z / Schuh, Holly B / Shaw, Jana / Rimal, Rajiv N / Harvey, Steven A / Balgobin, Kristian R / Zapf, Alexander J / Salmon, Daniel A

    Vaccine

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 8, Page(s) 1471–1479

    Abstract: Background: Increasing vaccine coverage remains the best way to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare personnel (HCP) have long been the most credible and frequently used source of vaccine information for the public, and an HCP recommendation is a ... ...

    Abstract Background: Increasing vaccine coverage remains the best way to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare personnel (HCP) have long been the most credible and frequently used source of vaccine information for the public, and an HCP recommendation is a strong predictor of vaccination.
    Methods: A survey of HCP was conducted in September 2021 via a double opt-in network panel. Responses to survey items were summarized and stratified by HCP type and adjusted logistic regression models were fitted.
    Results: >94% of the 1074 HCP surveyed reported receiving at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine or intending to soon, with vaccinating most common among pediatricians (98%), followed by family medicine doctors (96%), pharmacists (94%), and nurses/nurse practitioners/physician assistants (88%). HCP with high trust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had 26 times the odds of vaccinating of HCP with low trust (95%CI: 9, 74). Nearly half of unvaccinated HCP (47%) were concerned about side effects, and one third of unvaccinated HCP (33%) were concerned the vaccine was developed too quickly. About three quarters of HCP reported strongly recommending the Pfizer-BioNTech (75%) and Moderna (70%) vaccines to their patients, compared to about one quarter (24%) strongly recommending Johnson & Johnson.
    Conclusions: Although most HCP are vaccinated against COVID-19 and strongly recommend vaccination to their patients, some harbor similar concerns to the public. Additional resources - regularly updated to explain the progressing scientific landscape and address ever evolving public concerns - are needed to further improve vaccine coverage among HCP and aid them in supporting the decision-making of their patients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Health Personnel ; Vaccination ; Delivery of Health Care
    Chemical Substances Influenza Vaccines ; COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.030
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: How to increase and maintain high immunization coverage: Vaccination Demand Resilience (VDR) framework.

    Ozawa, Sachiko / Schuh, Holly B / Nakamura, Tomoka / Yemeke, Tatenda T / Lee, Yi-Fang Ashley / MacDonald, Noni E

    Vaccine

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 45, Page(s) 6710–6718

    Abstract: Background: Resilience in vaccination demand is ever more critical as the COVID-19 pandemic has increased our understanding of the importance of vaccines on health and well-being. Yet timid demand for COVID-19 vaccines where available and reduced uptake ...

    Abstract Background: Resilience in vaccination demand is ever more critical as the COVID-19 pandemic has increased our understanding of the importance of vaccines on health and well-being. Yet timid demand for COVID-19 vaccines where available and reduced uptake of routine immunizations globally further raise the urgent need to build vaccination resilience. We demonstrate the complexity of vaccination demand and resilience in a framework where relevant dimensions are intertwined, fluid, and contextual.
    Methods: We developed the Vaccination Demand Resilience (VDR) framework based on a literature review on vaccination demand and expert consultation. The matrix framework builds on three main axes: 1) vaccination attitudes and beliefs; 2) vaccination seeking behavior; and 3) vaccination status. The matrix generated eight quadrants, which can help explain people's levels of vaccination demand and resilience. We selected four scenarios as examples to demonstrate different interventions that could move people across quadrants and build vaccination resilience.
    Results: Incongruence between individuals' attitudes and beliefs, vaccination behavior, and vaccination status can arise. For example, an individual can be vaccinated due to mandates but reject vaccination benefits and otherwise avoid seeking vaccination. Such incongruence could be altered by interventions to build resilience in vaccination demand. These interventions include information, education and communication to change individuals' vaccination attitudes and beliefs, incentive programs and reminder-recalls to facilitate vaccination seeking, or by strengthening healthcare provider communications to reduce missed opportunities.
    Conclusions: Vaccination decision-making is complex. Individuals can be vaccinated without necessarily accepting the benefits of vaccination or seeking vaccination, threatening resilience in vaccination demand. The VDR framework can provide a useful lens for program managers and policy makers considering interventions and policies to improve vaccination resilience. This would help build and sustain confidence and demand for vaccinations, and help to continue to prevent disease, disability, and death from vaccine-preventable diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Immunization ; Pandemics ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; Vaccination ; Vaccination Coverage
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; VDR protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-03
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Risk and accuracy of outpatient-identified hypoxaemia for death among suspected child pneumonia cases in rural Bangladesh: a multifacility prospective cohort study.

    McCollum, Eric D / Ahmed, Salahuddin / Roy, Arunangshu D / Islam, Asmd Ashraful / Schuh, Holly B / King, Carina / Hooli, Shubhada / Quaiyum, Mohammad Abdul / Ginsburg, Amy Sarah / Checkley, William / Baqui, Abdullah H / Colbourn, Tim

    The Lancet. Respiratory medicine

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 9, Page(s) 769–781

    Abstract: Background: Hypoxaemic pneumonia mortality risk in low-income and middle-income countries is high in children who have been hospitalised, but unknown among outpatient children. We sought to establish the outpatient burden, mortality risk, and prognostic ...

    Abstract Background: Hypoxaemic pneumonia mortality risk in low-income and middle-income countries is high in children who have been hospitalised, but unknown among outpatient children. We sought to establish the outpatient burden, mortality risk, and prognostic accuracy of death from hypoxaemia in children with suspected pneumonia in Bangladesh.
    Methods: We conducted a prospective community-based cohort study encompassing three upazila (subdistrict) health complex catchment areas in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Children aged 3-35 months participating in a community surveillance programme and presenting to one of three upazila health complex Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) outpatient clinics with an acute illness and signs of difficult breathing (defined as suspected pneumonia) were enrolled in the study; because lower respiratory tract infection mortality mainly occurs in children younger than 1 year, the primary study population comprised children aged 3-11 months. Study physicians recorded WHO IMCI pneumonia guideline clinical signs and peripheral arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturations (SpO
    Findings: Participants were recruited between Sept 1, 2015, to Aug 31, 2017. During the study period, a total of 7440 children aged 3-35 months with the first suspected pneumonia episode were enrolled, of whom 3848 (54·3%) with an attempted pulse oximeter measurement and 2-week outcome were included in our primary study population of children aged 3-11-months. Among children aged 3-11 months, an SpO
    Interpretation: These findings support pulse oximeter use during the outpatient care of young children with suspected pneumonia in Bangladesh as well as the re-evaluation of the WHO IMCI currently recommended threshold of an SpO
    Funding: Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health (K01TW009988), The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1084286 and OPP1117483), and GlaxoSmithKline (90063241).
    MeSH term(s) United States ; Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Prospective Studies ; Outpatients ; Bangladesh/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Pneumonia/complications ; Hypoxia/diagnosis ; Hypoxia/etiology ; Oxygen
    Chemical Substances Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2686754-0
    ISSN 2213-2619 ; 2213-2600
    ISSN (online) 2213-2619
    ISSN 2213-2600
    DOI 10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00098-X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Evaluation of online videos to engage viewers and support decision-making for COVID-19 vaccination: how narratives and race/ethnicity enhance viewer experiences.

    Schuh, Holly B / Rimal, Rajiv N / Breiman, Robert F / Orton, Peter Z / Dudley, Matthew Z / Kao, Lee-Sien / Sargent, Rikki H / Laurie, Shaelyn / Weakland, Leo F / Lavery, James V / Orenstein, Walter A / Brewer, Janesse / Jamison, Amelia M / Shaw, Jana / Josiah Willock, Robina / Gust, Deborah A / Salmon, Daniel A

    Frontiers in public health

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1192676

    Abstract: Background: Vaccine hesitancy has hampered the control of COVID-19 and other vaccine-preventable diseases.: Methods: We conducted a national internet-based, quasi-experimental study to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine informational videos. Participants ... ...

    Abstract Background: Vaccine hesitancy has hampered the control of COVID-19 and other vaccine-preventable diseases.
    Methods: We conducted a national internet-based, quasi-experimental study to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine informational videos. Participants received an informational animated video paired with the randomized assignment of (1) a credible source (differing race/ethnicity) and (2) sequencing of a personal narrative before or after the video addressing their primary vaccine concern. We examined viewing time and asked video evaluation questions to those who viewed the full video.
    Results: Among 14,235 participants, 2,422 (17.0%) viewed the full video. Those who viewed a personal story first (concern video second) were 10 times more likely to view the full video (
    Conclusion: Using peer-delivered, personal narrative, and/or racially congruent credible sources to introduce and deliver vaccine safety information may improve the openness of vaccine message recipients to messages and engagement.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Ethnicity ; COVID-19 ; Vaccination ; Intention
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192676
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Efforts to monitor Global progress on individual and community demand for immunization: Development of definitions and indicators for the Global Vaccine Action Plan Strategic Objective 2.

    Hickler, Benjamin / MacDonald, Noni E / Senouci, Kamel / Schuh, Holly B

    Vaccine

    2017  Volume 35, Issue 28, Page(s) 3515–3519

    Abstract: The Second Strategic Objective of the Global Vaccine Action Plan, "individuals and communities understand the value of vaccines and demand immunization as both their right and responsibility", differs from the other five in that it does not focus on ... ...

    Abstract The Second Strategic Objective of the Global Vaccine Action Plan, "individuals and communities understand the value of vaccines and demand immunization as both their right and responsibility", differs from the other five in that it does not focus on supply-side aspects of immunization programs but rather on public demand for vaccines and immunization services. This commentary summarizes the work (literature review, consultations with experts, and with potential users) and findings of the UNICEF/World Health Organization Strategic Objective 2 informal Working Group on Vaccine Demand, which developed a definition for demand and indicators related to Strategic Objective 2. Demand for vaccines and vaccination is a complex concept that is not external to supply systems but rather encompasses the interaction between human behaviors and system structure and dynamics.
    MeSH term(s) Developing Countries ; Global Health ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/legislation & jurisprudence ; Immunization Programs/organization & administration ; Immunization Programs/statistics & numerical data ; Strategic Planning ; United Nations ; Vaccination/legislation & jurisprudence ; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; Vaccines/administration & dosage ; World Health Organization
    Chemical Substances Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.056
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Clinical hypoxemia score for outpatient child pneumonia care lacking pulse oximetry in Africa and South Asia.

    Schuh, Holly B / Hooli, Shubhada / Ahmed, Salahuddin / King, Carina / Roy, Arunangshu D / Lufesi, Norman / Islam, Asmd Ashraful / Mvalo, Tisungane / Chowdhury, Nabidul H / Ginsburg, Amy Sarah / Colbourn, Tim / Checkley, William / Baqui, Abdullah H / McCollum, Eric D

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1233532

    Abstract: Background: Pulse oximeters are not routinely available in outpatient clinics in low- and middle-income countries. We derived clinical scores to identify hypoxemic child pneumonia.: Methods: This was a retrospective pooled analysis of two outpatient ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pulse oximeters are not routinely available in outpatient clinics in low- and middle-income countries. We derived clinical scores to identify hypoxemic child pneumonia.
    Methods: This was a retrospective pooled analysis of two outpatient datasets of 3-35 month olds with World Health Organization (WHO)-defined pneumonia in Bangladesh and Malawi. We constructed, internally validated, and compared fit & discrimination of four models predicting SpO
    Results: 12,712 observations were included. The independent and composite LASSO models discriminated moderately (both C-statistic 0.77) between children with a SpO
    Conclusions: In the absence of pulse oximeters, both LASSO models better identified outpatient hypoxemic pneumonia cases than the WHO guidelines. Score external validation and implementation are needed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2023.1233532
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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