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Article ; Online: Protein dynamics observed by tunable mid-IR quantum cascade lasers across the time range from 10ns to 1s.

Schultz, Bernd-Joachim / Mohrmann, Hendrik / Lorenz-Fonfria, Victor A / Heberle, Joachim

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

2018 Volume 188, Page(s) 666–674

Abstract: We have developed a spectrometer based on tunable quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) for recording time-resolved absorption spectra of proteins in the mid-infrared range. We illustrate its performance by recording time-resolved difference spectra of ... ...

Abstract	We have developed a spectrometer based on tunable quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) for recording time-resolved absorption spectra of proteins in the mid-infrared range. We illustrate its performance by recording time-resolved difference spectra of bacteriorhodopsin in the carboxylic range (1800-1700cm
MeSH term(s)	Bacteriorhodopsins/chemistry ; Carbon Monoxide/chemistry ; Kinetics ; Lasers ; Myoglobin/chemistry ; Quantum Theory ; Solutions ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Time Factors ; Water/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Myoglobin ; Solutions ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Bacteriorhodopsins (53026-44-1) ; Carbon Monoxide (7U1EE4V452)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210413-1
ISSN	1873-3557 ; 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
ISSN (online)	1873-3557
ISSN	0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
DOI	10.1016/j.saa.2017.01.010
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Article ; Online: Kinetic and vibrational isotope effects of proton transfer reactions in channelrhodopsin-2.

Resler, Tom / Schultz, Bernd-Joachim / Lórenz-Fonfría, Víctor A / Schlesinger, Ramona / Heberle, Joachim

Biophysical journal

2015 Volume 109, Issue 2, Page(s) 287–297

Abstract: Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated cation channels. After blue-light excitation, the protein undergoes a photocycle with different intermediates. Here, we have recorded transient absorbance changes of ChR2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the ... ...

Abstract	Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated cation channels. After blue-light excitation, the protein undergoes a photocycle with different intermediates. Here, we have recorded transient absorbance changes of ChR2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the visible and infrared regions with nanosecond time resolution, the latter being accomplished using tunable quantum cascade lasers. Because proton transfer reactions play a key role in channel gating, we determined vibrational as well as kinetic isotope effects (VIEs and KIEs) of carboxylic groups of various key aspartic and glutamic acid residues by monitoring their C=O stretching vibrations in H2O and in D2O. D156 exhibits a substantial KIE (>2) in its deprotonation and reprotonation, which substantiates its role as the internal proton donor to the retinal Schiff base. The unusual VIE of D156, upshifted from 1736 cm(-1) to 1738 cm(-1) in D2O, was scrutinized by studying the D156E variant. The C=O stretch of E156 shifted down by 8 cm(-1) in D2O, providing evidence for the accessibility of the carboxylic group. The C=O stretching band of E90 exhibits a VIE of 9 cm(-1) and a KIE of ∼2 for the de- and the reprotonation reactions during the lifetime of the late desensitized state. The KIE of 1 determined in the time range from 20 ns to 5 ms is incompatible with early deprotonation of E90.
MeSH term(s)	Carrier Proteins/chemistry ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; Deuterium Oxide/chemistry ; Kinetics ; Mutation ; Photolysis ; Pichia ; Protons ; Spectrum Analysis ; Vibration ; Water/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Carrier Proteins ; Protons ; channelopsin-2, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Deuterium Oxide (J65BV539M3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218078-9
ISSN	1542-0086 ; 0006-3495
ISSN (online)	1542-0086
ISSN	0006-3495
DOI	10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.023
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Book: James Simon

Butz, Herbert / Matthes, Olaf / Schultz, Bernd

Philanthrop und Kunstmäzen

2006

Institution	Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
Author's details	hrsg. von Bernd Schultz. Essays von Olaf Matthes ... Beitr. von Herbert Butz
Keywords	Mäzenatentum
Language	German ; English
Size	160 S., überw. Ill., 31 cm
Publisher	Prestel
Publishing place	München u.a.
Document type	Book
Note	Text dt. und engl.
ISBN	3791337599 ; 9783791337593
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article ; Online: Pre-gating conformational changes in the ChETA variant of channelrhodopsin-2 monitored by nanosecond IR spectroscopy.

Lórenz-Fonfría, Víctor A / Schultz, Bernd-Joachim / Resler, Tom / Schlesinger, Ramona / Bamann, Christian / Bamberg, Ernst / Heberle, Joachim

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2015 Volume 137, Issue 5, Page(s) 1850–1861

Abstract: Light-gated ion permeation by channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) relies on the photoisomerization of the retinal chromophore and the subsequent photocycle, leading to the formation (on-gating) and decay (off-gating) of the conductive state. Here, we have analyzed ...

Abstract	Light-gated ion permeation by channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) relies on the photoisomerization of the retinal chromophore and the subsequent photocycle, leading to the formation (on-gating) and decay (off-gating) of the conductive state. Here, we have analyzed the photocycle of a fast-cycling ChR2 variant (E123T mutation, also known as ChETA), by time-resolved UV/vis, step-scan FT-IR, and tunable quantum cascade laser IR spectroscopies with nanosecond resolution. Pre-gating conformational changes rise with a half-life of 200 ns, silent to UV/vis but detected by IR spectroscopy. They involve changes in the peptide backbone and in the H-bond of the side chain of the critical residue D156. Thus, the P1(500) intermediate must be separated into early and late states. Light-adapted ChR2 contains a mixture of all-trans and 13-cis retinal in a 70:30 ratio which are both photoactive. Analysis of ethylenic and fingerprint vibrations of retinal provides evidence that the 13-cis photocycle recovers in 1 ms. This recovery is faster than channel off-gating and most of the proton transfer reactions, implying that the 13-cis photocycle is of minor functional relevance for ChR2.
MeSH term(s)	Darkness ; Kinetics ; Mutation ; Photolysis ; Protein Conformation ; Retinaldehyde/chemistry ; Retinaldehyde/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/chemistry ; Rhodopsin/genetics ; Rhodopsin/metabolism ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Static Electricity ; Time Factors ; Vibration
Chemical Substances	13-cis-retinal (472-86-6) ; Rhodopsin (9009-81-8) ; Retinaldehyde (RR725D715M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/ja5108595
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Article: Monte Carlo simulation of contrast-enhanced whole brain radiotherapy on a CT scanner.

Schultz, Bernd-Joachim / Wust, Peter / Lüdemann, Lutz / Jost, Gregor / Pietsch, Hubertus

Medical physics

2011 Volume 38, Issue 8, Page(s) 4672–4680

Abstract: Purpose: To perform a feasibility study of contrast-enhanced whole brain radiotherapy for treating patients with multiple brain metastasis using a conventional computed tomography (CT) scanner.: Methods: The treatment dose was optimized to be applied ...

Abstract	Purpose: To perform a feasibility study of contrast-enhanced whole brain radiotherapy for treating patients with multiple brain metastasis using a conventional computed tomography (CT) scanner. Methods: The treatment dose was optimized to be applied in a single run using a maximum tube power of 5200 kWs at 140 kV. CT scans of a large and a small head were used as reference. Irradiation geometry, shielding, axial beam collimation, radial beam collimation, gantry tilt, and tube current for beam modulation were optimized using a Monte Carlo simulation and a contrast agent concentration of 5 mg/ml iodine in the tumor. The statistical uncertainty of the Monte Carlo simulation was corrected using back convolution. Results: Using a CT tube with a beam collimation of 28.8 mm, a mean tumor dose of 1.76 +/- 0.13 Gy was achieved, while the head bone dose was 2.61 +/- 0.18 Gy with a normal brain dose of 0.98 +/- 0.06 Gy, eye dose of 0.19 +/- 0.05 Gy, and lens dose of 0.15 +/- 0.03 Gy, respectively. Using a CT tube with dose modulation and a beam collimation of 40.0 mm, the mean tumor dose was 2.00 +/- 0.11 Gy with a head bone dose of 1.96 +/- 0.14 Gy, normal brain dose of 1.13 +/- 0.08 Gy, eye dose of 0.21 +/- 0.05 Gy, and lens dose of 0.16 +/- 0.02 Gy, respectively. Thus a standard CT scanner enables an effective tumor dose of 37.0 Gy to be administered in 13 fractions, while exposing healthy brain to an effective dose of 17.2 Gy and head bone to 69.3 Gy. Additional radial collimation implemented in the hardware improves the therapeutic tumor dose by 25.2% in relation to the bone dose. Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced total brain radiotherapy is feasible using a conventional CT tube with optimized dose application.
MeSH term(s)	Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Brain Neoplasms/secondary ; Computer Simulation ; Contrast Media ; Eye/radiation effects ; Humans ; Iodine ; Monte Carlo Method ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiation Protection ; Skull/radiation effects ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Chemical Substances	Contrast Media ; Iodine (9679TC07X4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	188780-4
ISSN	0094-2405
ISSN	0094-2405
DOI	10.1118/1.3609099
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Book ; Conference proceedings: Karl Hofer, Anmut, Elegie und äusserste Härte

Erbsmehl, Hansdieter / Hofer, Karl / Schilling, Jürgen / Schultz, Bernd / Stölzl, Christoph

[anlässlich der Ausstellung "Anmut, Elegie und äußerste Härte - Karl Hofer zum 50. Todestag" in der Galerie Pels-Leusden Berlin, 5. April bis 21. Mai 2005]

2005

Institution	Ausstellung Anmut, Elegie und Äußerste Härte - Karl Hofer zum 50. Todestag Pels-Leusden GmbH
Event/congress	Ausstellung Karl Hofer (AnmutElegieundäussersteHärteBerlin2005.04.05-05.21)
Author's details	[Red. Hansdieter Erbsmehl. Texte Jürgen Schilling; Christoph Stölzl; Bernd Schultz]
Keywords	Malerei
Language	German
Size	103 S., zahlr. Ill.
Publisher	Pels-Leusden
Publishing place	Berlin
Document type	Book ; Conference proceedings
ISBN	3000159142 ; 9783000159145
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article: Pre-Gating Conformational Changes in the ChETA Variant of Channelrhodopsin-2 Monitored by Nanosecond IR Spectroscopy

LoÌrenz-FonfriÌa, ViÌctor A / Bamann Christian / Bamberg Ernst / Heberle Joachim / Resler Tom / Schlesinger Ramona / Schultz Bernd-Joachim

Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2015 Feb. 11, v. 137, no. 5

2015

Abstract	Light-gated ion permeation by channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) relies on the photoisomerization of the retinal chromophore and the subsequent photocycle, leading to the formation (on-gating) and decay (off-gating) of the conductive state. Here, we have analyzed the photocycle of a fast-cycling ChR2 variant (E123T mutation, also known as ChETA), by time-resolved UV/vis, step-scan FT-IR, and tunable quantum cascade laser IR spectroscopies with nanosecond resolution. Pre-gating conformational changes rise with a half-life of 200 ns, silent to UV/vis but detected by IR spectroscopy. They involve changes in the peptide backbone and in the H-bond of the side chain of the critical residue D156. Thus, the Pââµâ°â° intermediate must be separated into early and late states. Light-adapted ChR2 contains a mixture of all-trans and 13-cis retinal in a 70:30 ratio which are both photoactive. Analysis of ethylenic and fingerprint vibrations of retinal provides evidence that the 13-cis photocycle recovers in 1 ms. This recovery is faster than channel off-gating and most of the proton transfer reactions, implying that the 13-cis photocycle is of minor functional relevance for ChR2.
Keywords	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; half life ; mutation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0211
Size	p. 1850-1861.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021%2Fja5108595
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Conference proceedings: Abstraktion, Figuration

Erbsmehl, Hansdieter / Rugo, Jacqueline / Schultz, Bernd

Kunst in Deutschland ; 1945 - 1955 ; [Berlin: Galerie Pels-Leusden 9.9. - 15.11.1989]

1989

Institution	Pels-Leusden KG
Event/congress	Ausstellung (1989.09.09-11.15, Berlin)
Author's details	[Konzeption des Kat.: Hansdieter Erbsmehl, Jacqueline Rugo, Bernd Schultz]
Language	German
Size	112 S, überw. Ill, 30 cm
Publisher	Galerie Pels-Leusden
Publishing place	Berlin
Document type	Book ; Conference proceedings
Note	Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-110)
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article ; Online: Kinetics of proton release and uptake by channelrhodopsin-2.

Nack, Melanie / Radu, Ionela / Schultz, Bernd-Joachim / Resler, Tom / Schlesinger, Ramona / Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta / del Val, Coral / Abbruzzetti, Stefania / Viappiani, Cristiano / Bamann, Christian / Bamberg, Ernst / Heberle, Joachim

FEBS letters

2012 Volume 586, Issue 9, Page(s) 1344–1348

Abstract: Electrophysiological experiments showed that the light-activated cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) pumps protons in the absence of a membrane potential. We determined here the kinetics of transient pH change using a water-soluble pH-indicator. It ... ...

Abstract	Electrophysiological experiments showed that the light-activated cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) pumps protons in the absence of a membrane potential. We determined here the kinetics of transient pH change using a water-soluble pH-indicator. It is shown that ChR2 released protons prior to uptake with a stoichiometry of 0.3 protons per ChR2. Comparison to the photocycle kinetics revealed that proton release and uptake match rise and decay of the P(3)(520) intermediate. As the P(3)(520) state also represents the conductive state of cation channeling, the concurrence of proton pumping and channel gating implies an intimate mechanistic link of the two functional modes. Studies on the E123T and S245E mutants show that these residues are not critically involved in proton translocation.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Transport ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton Pumps/chemistry ; Proton Pumps/metabolism ; Protons ; Rhodopsin/chemistry ; Rhodopsin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Proton Pumps ; Protons ; Rhodopsin (9009-81-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-05-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	212746-5
ISSN	1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
ISSN (online)	1873-3468
ISSN	0014-5793
DOI	10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.047
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Article: Kinetics of proton release and uptake by channelrhodopsin-2

FEBS letters. 2012 May 7, v. 586, no. 9

2012

Abstract	Electrophysiological experiments showed that the light-activated cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) pumps protons in the absence of a membrane potential. We determined here the kinetics of transient pH change using a water-soluble pH-indicator. It is shown that ChR2 released protons prior to uptake with a stoichiometry of 0.3 protons per ChR2. Comparison to the photocycle kinetics revealed that proton release and uptake match rise and decay of the P₃ ⁵²⁰ intermediate. As the P₃ ⁵²⁰ state also represents the conductive state of cation channeling, the concurrence of proton pumping and channel gating implies an intimate mechanistic link of the two functional modes. Studies on the E123T and S245E mutants show that these residues are not critically involved in proton translocation.
Keywords	chromosome translocation ; kinetics ; membrane potential ; mutants ; pH ; protons ; reaction kinetics ; stoichiometry
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-0507
Size	p. 1344-1348.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	212746-5
ISSN	1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
ISSN (online)	1873-3468
ISSN	0014-5793
DOI	10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.047
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