Article ; Online: First Report of Maize Rayado Fino Virus in Maize in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Plant Disease. 2023 Feb. 01, v. 107, no. 2 p.590-
2023
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main cereal food of humans and animals in Brazil. In 2020 and 2021, a severe infestation of corn leafhoppers (Dalbulus maidis; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was observed in Santa Catarina State (south of Brazil). Subsequently, ... ...
| Abstract | Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main cereal food of humans and animals in Brazil. In 2020 and 2021, a severe infestation of corn leafhoppers (Dalbulus maidis; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was observed in Santa Catarina State (south of Brazil). Subsequently, symptoms of chlorotic stripes limited in leaf veins started to appear in maize plants. Given the similarity of symptoms and the presence of high populations of corn leafhoppers in corn production areas, 30 plants in reproductive stage showing systemic symptoms were collected in summer and autumn from commercial fields of five municipalities in Santa Catarina: Campos Novos (27°23′18.0″S, 51°12′52.7″W), Lages (27°47′17.8″S, 50°18′16.9″W), Mafra (26°06′42″S, 49°48′25″W), Fraiburgo (27°01′36″S, 50°55′19″W), and Abelardo Luz (26°34′02″S, 52°20′02″W). The young leaves of these samples were used for molecular analyses targeting the species Maize ryado fino virus (Tymoviridae: Marafivirus). Total nucleic acids were extracted using TRIzol (Invitrogen, U.S.A.), following the manufacturer’s instructions. These were used as a template for cDNA synthesis with the enzyme MMLV-RT (Promega, U.S.A.), following the manufacturer’s instructions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using GoTaq DNA polymerase (Promega) and MRFV-09/MRFV-10 primers (Hammond et al. 1997). All PCR products were subjected to electrophoresis in 1% agarose gel and were visualized under ultraviolet light. Twenty-eight of the 30 tested plants were mayze rayado fino virus (MRFV)-positive, showing a fragment with an expected size of ∼633 bp. To confirm our results, all MRFV-positive samples were sent for sequencing (GenBank accession nos. OM763708 to OM763710 and ON730784 to ON730806) and submitted to BLASTn search (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi), resulting in identities ranging from 96.21 to 99.21% with the isolate Brazil 26 of MRFV, which was detected in 2005 in São Paulo, Brazil (GenBank accession no. AF186178) (Hammond and Bedendo 2005). A second set of primers was used to validate the first PCR, confirming MRFV infection (data not shown). Moreover, whitish streaks and leaf reddening were observed on the leaves of some plants; therefore, the identification for phytoplasmas (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’) and spiroplasmas (Spiroplasma kunkelii) from the corn stunt complex was performed. For this, previously extracted nucleic acids from each sample were used as templates for a multiplex PCR using the primers CSSR6/CSSF2 and R16F2n/R16R2 (Barros et al. 2001; Gundersen and Lee 1996). Two plants were infected with only spiroplasma, 17 samples were infected with spiroplasma and MRFV, and three samples were infected by these three pathogens. An increasing incidence of corn stunt has been observed in commercial fields in Santa Catarina in recent years. Mollicutes are commonly found and mostly studied as causal agents of corn stunt disease. In contrast, despite being present in Brazil since the 1970s, the virus is less studied because its contribution to the corn stunt complex is still unknown (Hammond and Bedendo 2001). In this report, indications that the virus is expanding to different regions in southern Brazil were observed, which raises an opportunity for further evaluation and its consideration in monitoring programs. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MRFV in Santa Catarina, Brazil. |
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| Keywords | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris ; DNA-directed DNA polymerase ; Dalbulus maidis ; Maize rayado fino virus ; Spiroplasma kunkelii ; Zea mays ; agarose ; autumn ; corn ; electrophoresis ; gels ; grain foods ; leaves ; plant diseases and disorders ; polymerase chain reaction ; summer ; ultraviolet radiation ; viruses ; Brazil ; cereals and grains ; pathogen detection ; viruses and viroids |
| Language | English |
| Dates of publication | 2023-0201 |
| Publishing place | The American Phytopathological Society |
| Document type | Article ; Online |
| ZDB-ID | 754182-x |
| ISSN | 0191-2917 |
| ISSN | 0191-2917 |
| DOI | 10.1094/PDIS-05-22-1011-PDN |
| Database | NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA) |
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