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  1. Book: HIV interactions with dendritic cells

    Wu Li / Schwartz, Olivier

    infection and immunity

    (Advances in experimental medicine and biology ; 762)

    2013  

    Author's details Li Wu ; Olivier Schwartz ed
    Series title Advances in experimental medicine and biology ; 762
    Collection
    Language English
    Size XI, 294 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Springer
    Publishing place New York u.a.
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT017408515
    ISBN 978-1-4614-4432-9 ; 9781461444336 ; 1-4614-4432-2 ; 1461444330
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: TMPRSS2 est le récepteur cellulaire du coronavirus saisonnier HKU1.

    Saunders, Nell / Schwartz, Olivier

    Medecine sciences : M/S

    2024  Volume 40, Issue 4, Page(s) 335–337

    Title translation TMPRSS2 is the receptor of seasonal coronavirus HKU1.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases/physiology ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics ; Seasons ; Receptors, Virus/physiology ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology
    Chemical Substances TMPRSS2 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Receptors, Virus
    Language French
    Publishing date 2024-04-23
    Publishing country France
    Document type News ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632733-3
    ISSN 1958-5381 ; 0767-0974
    ISSN (online) 1958-5381
    ISSN 0767-0974
    DOI 10.1051/medsci/2024034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Conformational Plasticity in Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies Triggers Polyreactivity

    Dufloo, Jérémy / LORIN, Valerie / couderc, therese / Bruel, Timothée / SCHWARTZ, OLIVIER

    Cell reports, 23(9):2568-2581

    2018  

    Abstract: Human high-affinity antibodies to pathogens often recognize unrelated ligands. The molecular origin and the role of this polyreactivity are largely unknown. Here, we report that HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are frequently polyreactive, ... ...

    Institution Leibniz-Institut für Alternsforschung
    Abstract Human high-affinity antibodies to pathogens often recognize unrelated ligands. The molecular origin and the role of this polyreactivity are largely unknown. Here, we report that HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are frequently polyreactive, cross-reacting with non-HIV-1 molecules, including self-antigens. Mutating bNAb genes to increase HIV-1 binding and neutralization also results in de novo polyreactivity. Unliganded paratopes of polyreactive bNAbs with improved HIV-1 neutralization exhibit a conformational flexibility, which contributes to enhanced affinity of bNAbs to various HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins and non-HIV antigens. Binding adaptation of polyreactive bNAbs to the divergent ligands mainly involves hydrophophic interactions. Plasticity of bNAbs’ paratopes may, therefore, facilitate accommodating divergent viral variants, but it simultaneously triggers promiscuous binding to non-HIV-1 antigens. Thus, a certain level of polyreactivity can be a mark of adaptable antibodies displaying optimal pathogens’ recognition.
    Keywords B cells ; HIV-1 ; antibody ; autoreactivity ; polyreactivity
    Language English
    Document type Article
    Database Repository for Life Sciences

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  4. Article ; Online: Towards SARS-CoV-2 serotypes?

    Simon-Loriere, Etienne / Schwartz, Olivier

    Nature reviews. Microbiology

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 187–188

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Serogroup ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
    Chemical Substances Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2139054-X
    ISSN 1740-1534 ; 1740-1526
    ISSN (online) 1740-1534
    ISSN 1740-1526
    DOI 10.1038/s41579-022-00708-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Polyfunctionality of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies.

    Vrignaud, Lou-Léna / Schwartz, Olivier / Bruel, Timothée

    Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 178–183

    Abstract: Purpose of review: The discovery of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) has provided a framework for vaccine design and created new hope toward an HIV-1 cure. These antibodies recognize the HIV-1 Envelope and inhibit viral fusion with ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: The discovery of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) has provided a framework for vaccine design and created new hope toward an HIV-1 cure. These antibodies recognize the HIV-1 Envelope and inhibit viral fusion with unprecedented breadth and potency. Beyond their unique neutralization capacity, bNAbs also activate immune cells and interfere with viral spread through nonneutralizing activities. Here, we review the landscape of bNAbs functions and their contribution to clinical efficacy.
    Recent findings: Parallel evaluation of bNAbs nonneutralizing activities using in vivo and in vitro models have revealed how their importance varies across antibodies and strains. Nonneutralizing bNAbs functions target both infected cells and viral particles, leading to their destruction through various mechanisms. Reservoir targeting and prevention in context of suboptimal neutralization highly depends on bNAbs polyfunctionality. We recently showed that bNAbs tether virions at the surface of infected cells, impairing release and forming immune complexes, with consequences that are still to be understood.
    Summary: Nonneutralizing activities of bNAbs target infected cells, virions, and immune complexes, promoting viral clearance and possibly improving immune responses. We review how these functions participate to the efficacy of bNAbs and how they can be manipulated to improve bNAbs therapies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; HIV Antibodies ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; HIV-1 ; Antigen-Antibody Complex
    Chemical Substances Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; HIV Antibodies ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antigen-Antibody Complex
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2502511-9
    ISSN 1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
    ISSN (online) 1746-6318
    ISSN 1746-630X
    DOI 10.1097/COH.0000000000000799
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Pregnancy complications and Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITM): balancing antiviral immunity and placental development.

    Buchrieser, Julian / Schwartz, Olivier

    Comptes rendus biologies

    2021  Volume 344, Issue 2, Page(s) 145–156

    Abstract: Pregnancy complications occur frequently and are particularly prevalent during the first trimester. They are caused by a multitude of factors, including karyotypic, genetic or environmental conditions, congenital infections and inflammation. The ... ...

    Abstract Pregnancy complications occur frequently and are particularly prevalent during the first trimester. They are caused by a multitude of factors, including karyotypic, genetic or environmental conditions, congenital infections and inflammation. The molecular mechanisms leading to placental complications under inflammatory conditions remain unclear. In this review, we discuss how uncontrolled inflammation, triggered by viral infections or other diseases can lead to placental complications. We first highlight the importance of syncytins, ancestral retroviral genes co-opted by mammals including humans, millions of years ago for the process of placenta formation. We then focus on recent advances elucidating how interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins, antiviral proteins rendering cells refractory to viral infections, interfere with placental development.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; Female ; Humans ; Interferons ; Placenta ; Placentation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Interferons (9008-11-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-02
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2072863-3
    ISSN 1768-3238 ; 1631-0691
    ISSN (online) 1768-3238
    ISSN 1631-0691
    DOI 10.5802/crbiol.54
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.B 1008: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Novel insights into innate sensing of HIV-infected cells

    Schwartz Olivier

    Retrovirology, Vol 8, Iss Suppl 2, p O

    2011  Volume 13

    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BioMed Central
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Sex- and species-associated differences in complement-mediated immunity in humans and rhesus macaques.

    Kelkar, Natasha S / Goldberg, Benjamin S / Dufloo, Jérémy / Bruel, Timothée / Schwartz, Olivier / Hessell, Ann J / Ackerman, Margaret E

    mBio

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) e0028224

    Abstract: The complement system can be viewed as a "moderator" of innate immunity, "instructor" of humoral immunity, and "regulator" of adaptive immunity. While sex is known to affect humoral and cellular immune systems, its impact on complement in humans and ... ...

    Abstract The complement system can be viewed as a "moderator" of innate immunity, "instructor" of humoral immunity, and "regulator" of adaptive immunity. While sex is known to affect humoral and cellular immune systems, its impact on complement in humans and rhesus macaques, a commonly used non-human primate model system, has not been well studied. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed serum samples from 90 humans and 72 rhesus macaques for the abundance and activity of the complement system components. While sequences of cascade proteins were highly conserved, dramatically different levels were observed between species. Whereas the low levels detected in rhesus samples raised questions about the suitability of the test for use with macaque samples, differences in levels of complement proteins were observed in male and female humans. Levels of total and antibody-dependent deposition of C1q and C3b on a glycosylated antigen differed between humans and rhesus, suggesting differential recognition of glycans and balance between classical and alternative activation pathways. Functional differences in complement-mediated lysis of antibody-sensitized cells were observed in multiple assays and showed that human females frequently exhibited higher lytic activity than human males or rhesus macaques, which typically did not exhibit such sex-associated differences. Other differences between species and sexes were observed in more narrow contexts-for only certain antibodies, antigens, or assays. Collectively, these results expand knowledge of sex-associated differences in the complement system in humans, identifying differences absent from rhesus macaques.IMPORTANCEThe complement system is a critical part of host defense to many bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. In parallel, rich epidemiological, clinical, and biomedical research evidence demonstrates that sex is an important biological variable in immunity, and many sex-specific differences in immune system are intimately tied with disease outcomes. This study focuses on the intersection of these two factors to define the impact of sex on complement pathway components and activities. This work expands our knowledge of sex-associated differences in the complement system in humans and also identifies the differences that appear to be absent in rhesus macaques, a popular non-human primate model. Whereas differences between species suggest potential limitations in the ability of macaque model to recapitulate human biology, knowledge of sex-based differences in humans has the potential to inform clinical research and practice.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Complement System Proteins ; Immunity, Innate
    Chemical Substances Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2557172-2
    ISSN 2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
    ISSN (online) 2150-7511
    ISSN 2161-2129
    DOI 10.1128/mbio.00282-24
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: HIV-1 Envelope FRETted Over by Antibodies.

    Bruel, Timothée / Schwartz, Olivier

    Cell host & microbe

    2019  Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 767–768

    Abstract: The HIV-1 Envelope (Env) is a metastable protein that displays several conformational states. In recent works, Lu et al. (2019) in Nature and Alsahafi et al. (2019) in Cell Host & Microbe show that antibodies displaying neutralization or antibody- ... ...

    Abstract The HIV-1 Envelope (Env) is a metastable protein that displays several conformational states. In recent works, Lu et al. (2019) in Nature and Alsahafi et al. (2019) in Cell Host & Microbe show that antibodies displaying neutralization or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) target different conformations of the viral glycoprotein.
    MeSH term(s) Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ; CD4 Antigens ; Glycoproteins ; HIV Antibodies ; HIV-1/immunology
    Chemical Substances CD4 Antigens ; Glycoproteins ; HIV Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2278004-X
    ISSN 1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
    ISSN (online) 1934-6069
    ISSN 1931-3128
    DOI 10.1016/j.chom.2019.05.009
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  10. Article ; Online: Immunological and virological aspects of HIV cell-to-cell transfer

    Schwartz Olivier

    Retrovirology, Vol 6, Iss Suppl 2, p I

    2009  Volume 16

    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BioMed Central
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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