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Article ; Online: Cardio-audio synchronization elicits neural and cardiac surprise responses in human wakefulness and sleep.

Pelentritou, Andria / Pfeiffer, Christian / Schwartz, Sophie / De Lucia, Marzia

Communications biology

2024 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 226

Abstract: The human brain can encode auditory regularities with fixed sound-to-sound intervals and with sound onsets locked to cardiac inputs. Here, we investigated auditory and cardio-audio regularity encoding during sleep, when bodily and environmental stimulus ... ...

Abstract	The human brain can encode auditory regularities with fixed sound-to-sound intervals and with sound onsets locked to cardiac inputs. Here, we investigated auditory and cardio-audio regularity encoding during sleep, when bodily and environmental stimulus processing may be altered. Using electroencephalography and electrocardiography in healthy volunteers (N = 26) during wakefulness and sleep, we measured the response to unexpected sound omissions within three regularity conditions: synchronous, where sound and heartbeat are temporally coupled, isochronous, with fixed sound-to-sound intervals, and a control condition without regularity. Cardio-audio regularity encoding manifested as a heartbeat deceleration upon omissions across vigilance states. The synchronous and isochronous sequences induced a modulation of the omission-evoked neural response in wakefulness and N2 sleep, the former accompanied by background oscillatory activity reorganization. The violation of cardio-audio and auditory regularity elicits cardiac and neural responses across vigilance states, laying the ground for similar investigations in altered consciousness states such as coma and anaesthesia.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Wakefulness/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Sleep/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Sound
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2399-3642
ISSN (online)	2399-3642
DOI	10.1038/s42003-024-05895-2
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Article ; Online: Commentary on the paper "The heartbeat evoked potential is a questionable biomarker in nightmare disorder: A replication study. By Bogdany, T., Perakakis, P., Bodizs, R., Simor, P., 2021. Neuroimage Clin 33, 102933".

Perogamvros, Lampros / Park, Hyeong-Dong / Schwartz, Sophie

NeuroImage. Clinical

2022 Volume 36, Page(s) 103196

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701571-3
ISSN	2213-1582 ; 2213-1582
ISSN (online)	2213-1582
ISSN	2213-1582
DOI	10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103196
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Article ; Online: Enhancing imagery rehearsal therapy for nightmares with targeted memory reactivation.

Schwartz, Sophie / Clerget, Alice / Perogamvros, Lampros

Current biology : CB

2022 Volume 32, Issue 22, Page(s) 4808–4816.e4

Abstract: Nightmare disorder (ND) is characterized by dreams with strong negative emotions occurring during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. ND is mainly treated by imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT), where the patients are asked to change the negative story line of ... ...

Abstract	Nightmare disorder (ND) is characterized by dreams with strong negative emotions occurring during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. ND is mainly treated by imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT), where the patients are asked to change the negative story line of their nightmare to a more positive one. We here used targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during REM sleep to strengthen IRT-related memories and accelerate remission of ND. Thirty-six patients with ND were asked to perform an initial IRT session and, while they generated a positive outcome of their nightmare, half of the patients were exposed to a sound (TMR group), while no such pairing took place for the other half (control group). During the next 2 weeks, all patients performed IRT every evening at home and were exposed to the sound during REM sleep with a wireless headband, which automatically detected sleep stages. The frequency of nightmares per week at 2 weeks was used as the primary outcome measure. We found that the TMR group had less frequent nightmares and more positive dream emotions than the control group after 2 weeks of IRT and a sustained decrease of nightmares after 3 months. By demonstrating the effectiveness of TMR during sleep to potentiate therapy, these results have clinical implications for the management of ND, with relevance to other psychiatric disorders too. Additionally, these findings show that TMR applied during REM sleep can modulate emotions in dreams.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dreams/psychology ; Treatment Outcome ; Imagery, Psychotherapy/methods ; Mental Disorders ; Sleep, REM
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.032
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Zs.A 3208: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cognitive exertion affects the appraisal of one's own and other people's pain.

Riontino, Laura / Fournier, Raphaël / Lapteva, Alexandra / Silvestrini, Nicolas / Schwartz, Sophie / Corradi-Dell'Acqua, Corrado

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 8165

Abstract: Correctly evaluating others' pain is a crucial prosocial ability. In both clinical and private settings, caregivers assess their other people's pain, sometimes under the effect of poor sleep and high workload and fatigue. However, the effect played by ... ...

Abstract	Correctly evaluating others' pain is a crucial prosocial ability. In both clinical and private settings, caregivers assess their other people's pain, sometimes under the effect of poor sleep and high workload and fatigue. However, the effect played by such cognitive strain in the appraisal of others' pain remains unclear. Fifty participants underwent one of two demanding tasks, involving either working memory (Experiment 1: N-Back task) or cognitive interference (Experiment 2: Stroop task). After each task, participants were exposed to painful laser stimulations at three intensity levels (low, medium, high), or video-clips of patients experiencing three intensity levels of pain (low, medium, high). Participants rated the intensity of each pain event on a visual analogue scale. We found that the two tasks influenced rating of both one's own and others' pain, by decreasing the sensitivity to medium and high events. This was observed either when comparing the demanding condition to a control (Stroop), or when modelling linearly the difficulty/performance of each depleting task (N-Back). We provide converging evidence that cognitive exertion affects the subsequent appraisal of one's own and likewise others' pain.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Physical Exertion ; Pain/psychology ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-35103-w
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Article ; Online: Auditory evoked potentials in adolescents with autism: An investigation of brain development, intellectual impairment, and neural encoding.

Schwartz, Sophie / Wang, Le / Uribe, Sofia / Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G / Tager-Flusberg, Helen

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

2023 Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) 1859–1876

Abstract: Limited research has evaluated neural encoding of sounds from a developmental perspective in individuals with autism (ASD), especially among those with intellectual disability. We compared auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in autistic adolescents with a ... ...

Abstract	Limited research has evaluated neural encoding of sounds from a developmental perspective in individuals with autism (ASD), especially among those with intellectual disability. We compared auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in autistic adolescents with a wide range of intellectual abilities (n = 40, NVIQ 30-160) to both age-matched cognitively able neurotypical adolescent controls (NT-A, n = 37) and younger neurotypical children (NT-C, n = 27) to assess potential developmental delays. In addition to a classic measure of peak amplitude, we calculated a continuous measure of intra-class correlation (ICC) between each adolescent participant's AEP and the age-normative, average AEP waveforms calculated from NT-C and NT-A to study differences in signal morphology. We found that peak amplitudes of neural responses were significantly smaller in autistic adolescents compared to NT-A. We also found that the AEP morphology of autistic adolescents looked more like NT-A peers than NT-C but was still significantly different from NT-A AEP waveforms. Results suggest that AEPs of autistic adolescents present differently from NTs, regardless of age, and differences cannot be accounted for by developmental delay. Nonverbal intelligence significantly predicted how closely each adolescent's AEP resembled the age-normed waveform. These results support an evolving theory that the degree of disruption in early neural responses to low-level inputs is reflected in the severity of intellectual impairments in autism.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Autistic Disorder ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology ; Sound ; Brain/physiology ; Evoked Potentials
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2481338-2
ISSN	1939-3806 ; 1939-3792
ISSN (online)	1939-3806
ISSN	1939-3792
DOI	10.1002/aur.3003
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Zs.A 6785: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Evaluating the use of cortical entrainment to measure atypical speech processing: A systematic review.

Palana, Joseph / Schwartz, Sophie / Tager-Flusberg, Helen

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

2021 Volume 133, Page(s) 104506

Abstract: Background: Cortical entrainment has emerged as a promising means for measuring continuous speech processing in young, neurotypical adults. However, its utility for capturing atypical speech processing has not been systematically reviewed.: Objectives! ...

Abstract	Background: Cortical entrainment has emerged as a promising means for measuring continuous speech processing in young, neurotypical adults. However, its utility for capturing atypical speech processing has not been systematically reviewed. Objectives: Synthesize evidence regarding the merit of measuring cortical entrainment to capture atypical speech processing and recommend avenues for future research. Method: We systematically reviewed publications investigating entrainment to continuous speech in populations with auditory processing differences. Results: In the 25 publications reviewed, most studies were conducted on older and/or hearing-impaired adults, for whom slow-wave entrainment to speech was often heightened compared to controls. Research conducted on populations with neurodevelopmental disorders, in whom slow-wave entrainment was often reduced, was less common. Across publications, findings highlighted associations between cortical entrainment and speech processing performance differences. Conclusions: Measures of cortical entrainment offer a useful means of capturing speech processing differences and future research should leverage them more extensively when studying populations with neurodevelopmental disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Acoustic Stimulation ; Adult ; Auditory Cortex ; Auditory Perception ; Humans ; Speech ; Speech Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	282464-4
ISSN	1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
ISSN (online)	1873-7528
ISSN	0149-7634
DOI	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.029
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Zs.A 1371: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Interplay between midbrain and dorsal anterior cingulate regions arbitrates lingering reward effects on memory encoding.

Aberg, Kristoffer Carl / Kramer, Emily Elizabeth / Schwartz, Sophie

Nature communications

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 1829

Abstract: Rewarding events enhance memory encoding via dopaminergic influences on hippocampal plasticity. Phasic dopamine release depends on immediate reward magnitude, but presumably also on tonic dopamine levels, which may vary as a function of the average ... ...

Abstract	Rewarding events enhance memory encoding via dopaminergic influences on hippocampal plasticity. Phasic dopamine release depends on immediate reward magnitude, but presumably also on tonic dopamine levels, which may vary as a function of the average accumulation of reward over time. Using model-based fMRI in combination with a novel associative memory task, we show that immediate reward magnitude exerts a monotonically increasing influence on the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and hippocampal activity during encoding, and enhances memory. By contrast, average reward levels modulate feedback-related responses in the VTA and hippocampus in a non-linear (inverted U-shape) fashion, with similar effects on memory performance. Additionally, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) monotonically tracks average reward levels, while VTA-dACC functional connectivity is non-linearly modulated (inverted U-shape) by average reward. We propose that the dACC computes the net behavioral impact of average reward and relays this information to memory circuitry via the VTA.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Behavior ; Feedback ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Oxygen/blood ; Photic Stimulation ; Reward ; Ventral Tegmental Area/physiology
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-020-15542-z
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Article ; Online: Neurocomputational correlates of learned irrelevance in humans.

Aberg, Kristoffer Carl / Kramer, Emily Elizabeth / Schwartz, Sophie

NeuroImage

2020 Volume 213, Page(s) 116719

Abstract: Inappropriate behaviors may result from acquiring maladaptive associations between irrelevant information in the environment and important events, such as reward or punishment. Pre-exposure effects are believed to prevent the expression of irrelevant ... ...

Abstract	Inappropriate behaviors may result from acquiring maladaptive associations between irrelevant information in the environment and important events, such as reward or punishment. Pre-exposure effects are believed to prevent the expression of irrelevant associations. For example, learned irrelevance delays the expression of associations between conditioned (CS) and unconditioned (US) stimuli following their uncorrelated presentation. The neuronal substrates of pre-exposure effects in humans are largely unknown because these effects rapidly attenuate when using traditional pre-exposure paradigms. The latter are therefore incompatible with neuroimaging approaches that require many trial repetitions. Moreover, large methodological differences between animal and human research on pre-exposure effects challenge the presumption of shared neurocognitive substrates, and question the prevalent use of pre-exposure effects in animals to model symptoms of human mental disorders. To overcome these limitations, we combined a novel learned irrelevance task with model-based fMRI. We report the results of a model that describes learned irrelevance as a dynamic process, which evolves across trials and integrates the weighting between two state-action values pertaining to 'CS-no US' associations (acquired during pre-exposure) and 'CS-US' associations (acquired during subsequent conditioning). This relative weighting correlated i) positively with the learned irrelevance effect observed in the behavioral task, ii) positively with activity in the entorhinal cortex, and iii) negatively with activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Furthermore, the model updates the relative weighting of the two state-action values via two separate prediction error (PE) signals that allow the dynamic accumulation of evidence for the CS to predict the 'US' or a 'no US' outcome. One PE signal, designed to increase the relative weight of 'CS-US' associations following 'US' outcomes, correlated with activity in the NAcc, while another PE signal, designed to increase the relative weight of 'CS-no US' associations following 'no US' outcomes, correlated with activity in the basolateral amygdala. By extending previous animal observations to humans, the present study provides a novel approach to foster translational research on pre-exposure effects.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Association Learning/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Decision Making/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1147767-2
ISSN	1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
ISSN (online)	1095-9572
ISSN	1053-8119
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116719
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Zs.A 3664: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 7: Show issues

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Article: Life goes on in dreams.

Schwartz, Sophie

Sleep

2010 Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 15–16

MeSH term(s)	Dreams ; Humans ; Mental Recall ; Psychomotor Performance ; Sleep Stages ; Video Games ; Wakefulness
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424441-2
ISSN	1550-9109 ; 0161-8105
ISSN (online)	1550-9109
ISSN	0161-8105
DOI	10.1093/sleep/33.1.15
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Zs.A 1475: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Lexical and Morphosyntactic Profiles of Autistic Youth With Minimal or Low Spoken Language Skills.

Butler, Lindsay K / Shen, Lue / Chenausky, Karen V / La Valle, Chelsea / Schwartz, Sophie / Tager-Flusberg, Helen

American journal of speech-language pathology

2023 Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 733–747

Abstract: Purpose: Autistic youth who are minimally or low verbal are underrepresented in research leaving little to no evidence base for supporting them and their families. To date, few studies have examined the types of words and word combinations these ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Autistic youth who are minimally or low verbal are underrepresented in research leaving little to no evidence base for supporting them and their families. To date, few studies have examined the types of words and word combinations these individuals use. The purpose of this study was to take a strengths-based approach to outline descriptive profiles of autistic youth who use few words and elucidate the lexical and morphosyntactic features of their spoken language. Method: We analyzed language samples from 49 autistic youth ages 6-21 years who used fewer than 200 words. Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts was used to investigate the relationship between number of different words (NDW) and proportion of nouns and verbs (vs. other word classes), mean length of utterance in morphemes (MLUm), and the frequency of early developing morphosyntactic structures. We used linear regression to quantify the relationship between NDW and lexical and morphosyntactic features. Results: Proportion of nouns and verbs produced did not increase significantly in those with higher NDW. Conversely, MLUm and the frequency of early developing morphosyntactic structures increased significantly in those with higher NDW. Conclusions: Youth with higher NDW did not produce more nouns and verbs, suggesting lexical profiles that are not aligned with spoken vocabulary level. Youth with higher NDW had higher MLUm and more early morphosyntactic forms, suggesting that morphosyntactic profiles align with spoken vocabulary level. We discuss the implications for improving clinical services related to spoken language.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Autistic Disorder ; Vocabulary ; Language ; Language Development ; Child Language
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1154406-5
ISSN	1558-9110 ; 1058-0360
ISSN (online)	1558-9110
ISSN	1058-0360
DOI	10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00098
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