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Article ; Online: Spontaneous rate of clonal single nucleotide mutations in Daphnia galeata.

Pfenninger, Markus / Doria, Halina Binde / Nickel, Jana / Thielsch, Anne / Schwenk, Klaus / Cordellier, Mathilde

2022 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) e0265632

Abstract: Mutations are the ultimate source of heritable variation and therefore the fuel for evolution, but direct estimates of mutation rates exist only for few species. We estimated the spontaneous single nucleotide mutation rate among clonal generations in the ...

Abstract	Mutations are the ultimate source of heritable variation and therefore the fuel for evolution, but direct estimates of mutation rates exist only for few species. We estimated the spontaneous single nucleotide mutation rate among clonal generations in the waterflea Daphnia galeata with a short-term mutation accumulation approach. Individuals from eighteen mutation accumulation lines over five generations were deep sequenced to count de novo mutations that were not present in a pool of F1 individuals, representing the parental genotype. We identified 12 new nucleotide mutations in 90 clonal generational passages. This resulted in an estimated single nucleotide mutation rate of 0.745 x 10-9 (95% c.f. 0.39 x 10-9-1.26 x 10-9), which is slightly lower than recent estimates for other Daphnia species. We discuss the implications for the population genetics of Cladocerans.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Daphnia/genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Mutation ; Mutation Rate ; Nucleotides/genetics
Chemical Substances	Nucleotides
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0265632
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: How non-target chironomid communities respond to mosquito control: Integrating DNA metabarcoding and joint species distribution modelling.

Röder, Nina / Stoll, V Sophie / Jupke, Jonathan F / Kolbenschlag, Sara / Bundschuh, Mirco / Theißinger, Kathrin / Schwenk, Klaus

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 913, Page(s) 169735

Abstract: The conservation and management of riparian ecosystems rely on understanding the ecological consequences of anthropogenic stressors that impact natural communities. In this context, studies investigating the effects of anthropogenic stressors require ... ...

Abstract	The conservation and management of riparian ecosystems rely on understanding the ecological consequences of anthropogenic stressors that impact natural communities. In this context, studies investigating the effects of anthropogenic stressors require reliable methods capable of mapping the relationships between taxa occurrence or abundance and environmental predictors within a spatio-temporal framework. Here, we present an integrative approach using DNA metabarcoding and Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) to unravel the intricate dynamics and resilience of chironomid communities exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti). Chironomid emergence was sampled from a total of 12 floodplain pond mesocosms, half of which received Bti treatment, during a 16-week period spanning spring and summer of 2020. Subsequently, we determined the community compositions of chironomids and examined their genus-specific responses to the Bti treatment, considering their phylogenetic affiliations and ecological traits of the larvae. Additionally, we investigated the impact of the Bti treatment on the body size distribution of emerging chironomids. Our study revealed consistent responses to Bti among different chironomid genera, indicating that neither phylogenetic affiliations nor larval feeding strategies significantly contributed to the observed patterns. Both taxonomic and genetic diversity were positively correlated with the number of emerged individuals. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated Bti-related effects on chironomid body size distribution, which could have relevant implications for size-selective terrestrial predators. Hence, our study highlights the value of employing a combination of DNA metabarcoding and HMSC to unravel the complex dynamics of Bti-related non-target effects on chironomid communities. The insights gained from this integrated framework contribute to our understanding of the ecological consequences of anthropogenic stressors and provide a foundation for informed decision-making regarding the conservation and management of riparian ecosystems.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; Chironomidae/physiology ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Culicidae ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Phylogeny ; Larva ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; Pest Control, Biological
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169735
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Article ; Online: A synthesis of anthropogenic stress effects on emergence-mediated aquatic-terrestrial linkages and riparian food webs.

Schulz, Ralf / Bundschuh, Mirco / Entling, Martin H / Jungkunst, Hermann F / Lorke, Andreas / Schwenk, Klaus / Schäfer, Ralf B

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 908, Page(s) 168186

Abstract: Anthropogenic stress alters the linkage between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways. Here, we review the contemporary literature on how alterations in aquatic systems through environmental pollution, invasive species and hydromorphological ...

Abstract	Anthropogenic stress alters the linkage between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways. Here, we review the contemporary literature on how alterations in aquatic systems through environmental pollution, invasive species and hydromorphological changes carry-over to terrestrial ecosystems and the food webs therein. We consider both the aquatic insect emergence and flooding as pathways through which stressors can propagate from the aquatic to the terrestrial system. We specifically synthesize and contextualize results on the roles of pollutants in the emergence pathway and their top-down consequences. Our review revealed that the emergence and flooding pathway are only considered in isolation and that the overall effects of invasive species or pollutants on food webs at the water-land interface require further attention. While very few recent studies looked at invasive species, a larger number of studies focused on metal transfer compared to pesticides, pharmaceuticals or PCBs, and multiple stress studies up to now left aquatic-terrestrial linkages unconsidered. Recent research on pollutants and emergence used aquatic-terrestrial mesocosms to elucidate the effects of aquatic stressors such as the mosquito control agent Bti, metals or pesticides to understand the effects on riparian spiders. Quality parameters, such as the structural and functional composition of emergent insect communities, the fatty acid profiles, yet also the composition of pollutants transferred to land prove to be important for the effects on riparian spiders. Process-based models including quality of emergence are useful to predict the resulting top-down directed food web effects in the terrestrial recipient ecosystem. In conclusion, we present and recommend a combination of empirical and modelling approaches in order to understand the complexity of aquatic-terrestrial stressor propagation and its spatial and temporal variation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Food Chain ; Ecosystem ; Insecta/chemistry ; Metals ; Environmental Pollutants ; Pesticides ; Spiders/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Metals ; Environmental Pollutants ; Pesticides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168186
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Article: Emerging Midges Transport Pesticides from Aquatic to Terrestrial Ecosystems: Importance of Compound- and Organism-Specific Parameters

Roodt, Alexis P. / Röder, Nina / Pietz, Sebastian / Kolbenschlag, Sara / Manfrin, Alessandro / Schwenk, Klaus / Bundschuh, Mirco / Schulz, Ralf

Environmental science & technology. 2022 Apr. 20, v. 56, no. 9

2022

Abstract: Emerging aquatic insects have the potential to retain aquatic contaminants after metamorphosis, potentially transporting them into adjacent terrestrial food webs. It is unknown whether this transfer is also relevant for current-use pesticides. We exposed ...

Abstract	Emerging aquatic insects have the potential to retain aquatic contaminants after metamorphosis, potentially transporting them into adjacent terrestrial food webs. It is unknown whether this transfer is also relevant for current-use pesticides. We exposed larvae of the nonbiting midge, Chironomus riparius, to a sublethal pulse of a mixture of nine moderately polar fungicides and herbicides (logKₒw 2.5–4.7) at three field relevant treatment levels (1.2–2.5, 17.5–35.0, or 50.0–100.0 μg/L). We then assessed the pesticide bioaccumulation and bioamplification over the full aquatic–terrestrial life cycle of both sexes including the egg laying of adult females. By applying sensitive LC–MS/MS analysis to small sample volumes (∼5 mg, dry weight), we detected all pesticides in larvae from all treatment levels (2.8–1019 ng/g), five of the pesticides in the adults from the lowest treatment level and eight in the higher treatment levels (1.5–3615 ng/g). Retention of the pesticides through metamorphosis was not predictable based solely on pesticide lipophilicity. Sex-specific differences in adult insect pesticide concentrations were significant for five of the pesticides, with greater concentrations in females for four of them. Over the duration of the adults’ lifespan, pesticide concentrations generally decreased in females while persisting in males. Our results suggest that a low to moderate daily dietary exposure to these pesticides may be possible for tree swallow nestlings and insectivorous bats.
Keywords	Chironomus riparius ; Hirundinidae ; bioaccumulation ; dietary exposure ; eggs ; environmental science ; imagos ; insectivores ; lipophilicity ; longevity ; metamorphosis ; technology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0420
Size	p. 5478-5488.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.1c08079
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Article: Diversity and dispersal of aquatic invertebrate species from surface and groundwater: Development and application of microsatellite markers for the detection of hydrological exchange processes

van den Berg-Stein, Susanne / Hahn, Hans Jürgen / Thielsch, Anne / Schwenk, Klaus

Water research. 2022 Feb. 15, v. 210

2022

Abstract: Groundwater is one of our most important resources, however groundwater ecosystems are among the most understudied habitats of the planet earth. Studies on groundwater organisms are hampered by the difficult accessibility of species, the lack of ... ...

Abstract	Groundwater is one of our most important resources, however groundwater ecosystems are among the most understudied habitats of the planet earth. Studies on groundwater organisms are hampered by the difficult accessibility of species, the lack of morphological differentiation and the limitation for laboratory cultures. One important approach to overcome these shortcomings is to provide sensitive genetic methods to unravel patterns of biodiversity, population structure and gene flow in natural populations. In this study we present five sets of microsatellite markers developed for the isopods Asellus aquaticus and Proasellus slavus, the cyclopoides Paracyclops fimbriatus and Acanthocyclops sensitivus and the harpacticoide Bryocamptus echinatus (Crustacea). Two of these species were subjected to detailed population genetic analyses: We studied 501 specimens of Asellus aquaticus from four different regions in Northern Germany using nine microsatellite markers and 70 specimens of Bryocamptus echinatus using nine microsatellite markers from three different sampling sites in South-Western Germany. Our results show that genetic diversity is high (A. aquaticus: 10 to 20 and B. echinatus: 4 to 18 alleles per locus) among populations of aquatic invertebrates, populations are highly differentiated (FST > 0.2) and genetic differentiation was associated with geographic patterns. Applications of molecular genetic methods and their use for the detection of hydrological exchange processes relevant for drinking water suppliers are demonstrated and discussed.
Keywords	Asellus aquaticus ; aquatic invertebrates ; biodiversity ; gene flow ; genetic variation ; groundwater ; loci ; microsatellite repeats ; population structure ; research ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0215
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	202613-2
ISSN	1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
ISSN (online)	1879-2448
ISSN	0043-1354
DOI	10.1016/j.watres.2021.117956
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Article ; Online: Subsidy Quality Affects Common Riparian Web‐Building Spiders: Consequences of Aquatic Contamination and Food Resource

Pietz, Sebastian / Kolbenschlag, Sara / Röder, Nina / Roodt, Alexis P. / Steinmetz, Zacharias / Manfrin, Alessandro / Schwenk, Klaus / Schulz, Ralf / Schäfer, Ralf B. / Zubrod, Jochen P. / Bundschuh, Mirco

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2023 June, v. 42, no. 6 p.1346-1358

2023

Abstract: Anthropogenic stressors can affect the emergence of aquatic insects. These insects link aquatic and adjacent terrestrial food webs, serving as high‐quality subsidy to terrestrial consumers, such as spiders. While previous studies have demonstrated that ... ...

Abstract	Anthropogenic stressors can affect the emergence of aquatic insects. These insects link aquatic and adjacent terrestrial food webs, serving as high‐quality subsidy to terrestrial consumers, such as spiders. While previous studies have demonstrated that changes in the emergence biomass and timing may propagate across ecosystem boundaries, the physiological consequences of altered subsidy quality for spiders are largely unknown. We used a model food chain to study the potential effects of subsidy quality: Tetragnatha spp. were exclusively fed with emergent Chironomus riparius cultured in the absence or presence of either copper (Cu), Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), or a mixture of synthetic pesticides paired with two basal resources (Spirulina vs. TetraMin®) of differing quality in terms of fatty acid (FA) composition. Basal resources shaped the FA profile of chironomids, whereas their effect on the FA profile of spiders decreased, presumably due to the capacity of both chironomids and spiders to modify (dietary) FA. In contrast, aquatic contaminants had negligible effects on prey FA profiles but reduced the content of physiologically important polyunsaturated FAs, such as 20:4n‐6 (arachidonic acid) and 20:5n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acid), in spiders by approximately 30% in Cu and Bti treatments. This may have contributed to the statistically significant decline (40%–50%) in spider growth. The observed effects in spiders are likely related to prey nutritional quality because biomass consumption by spiders was, because of our experimental design, constant. Analyses of additional parameters that describe the nutritional quality for consumers such as proteins, carbohydrates, and the retention of contaminants may shed further light on the underlying mechanisms. Our results highlight that aquatic contaminants can affect the physiology of riparian spiders, likely by altering subsidy quality, with potential implications for terrestrial food webs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1346–1358. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Keywords	Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis ; Chironomus riparius ; Tetragnatha ; anthropogenic stressors ; arachidonic acid ; biomass ; chemistry ; copper ; ecosystems ; ecotoxicology ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; experimental design ; food chain ; nutritive value ; physiology ; spiders
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Size	p. 1346-1358.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	46234-2
ISSN	1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
ISSN	0730-7268
DOI	10.1002/etc.5614
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Article ; Online: Diversity and dispersal of aquatic invertebrate species from surface and groundwater: Development and application of microsatellite markers for the detection of hydrological exchange processes.

van den Berg-Stein, Susanne / Hahn, Hans Jürgen / Thielsch, Anne / Schwenk, Klaus

Water research

2021 Volume 210, Page(s) 117956

Abstract	Groundwater is one of our most important resources, however groundwater ecosystems are among the most understudied habitats of the planet earth. Studies on groundwater organisms are hampered by the difficult accessibility of species, the lack of morphological differentiation and the limitation for laboratory cultures. One important approach to overcome these shortcomings is to provide sensitive genetic methods to unravel patterns of biodiversity, population structure and gene flow in natural populations. In this study we present five sets of microsatellite markers developed for the isopods Asellus aquaticus and Proasellus slavus, the cyclopoides Paracyclops fimbriatus and Acanthocyclops sensitivus and the harpacticoide Bryocamptus echinatus (Crustacea). Two of these species were subjected to detailed population genetic analyses: We studied 501 specimens of Asellus aquaticus from four different regions in Northern Germany using nine microsatellite markers and 70 specimens of Bryocamptus echinatus using nine microsatellite markers from three different sampling sites in South-Western Germany. Our results show that genetic diversity is high (A. aquaticus: 10 to 20 and B. echinatus: 4 to 18 alleles per locus) among populations of aquatic invertebrates, populations are highly differentiated (F
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Groundwater ; Invertebrates/genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	202613-2
ISSN	1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
ISSN (online)	1879-2448
ISSN	0043-1354
DOI	10.1016/j.watres.2021.117956
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Article: Ecology of predator-induced morphological defense traits in Daphnia longispina (Cladocera, Arthropoda)

Sperfeld, Erik / Nilssen, Jens Petter / Rinehart, Shelby / Schwenk, Klaus / Hessen, Dag Olav

Oecologia. 2020 Mar., v. 192, no. 3

2020

Abstract: Inducible defenses against predators are widespread among plants and animals. For example, some Daphnia species form neckteeth against predatory larvae of the dipteran genus Chaoborus. Though thoroughly studied in D. pulex, knowledge about neckteeth in ... ...

Abstract	Inducible defenses against predators are widespread among plants and animals. For example, some Daphnia species form neckteeth against predatory larvae of the dipteran genus Chaoborus. Though thoroughly studied in D. pulex, knowledge about neckteeth in other Daphnia species is limited. The occurrence of this trait in the D. longispina species complex is only sporadically reported and the specific shape of neckteeth or the occurrence of other morphological defense traits is scarcely known in this widespread group. Here, we explored neckteeth occurrence in a large number of D. longispina populations across Scandinavia and studied neckteeth formation and other morphological defense traits on three D. longispina clones in the laboratory. In the study region, neckteeth on juvenile D. longispina s. str. were observed frequently in permanent ponds, but only when Chaoborus spp. larvae were present. In the laboratory experiments, all three D. longispina clones developed neckteeth (very similar to D. pulex) in response to Chaoborus kairomone exposure. The D. longispina clones also developed a longer tail spine, wider body, and larger neckteeth pedestal in response to predation threat—likely as a defense against the gape-limited predator. The intensity of neckteeth expression also depended on the clone studied and the concentration of Chaoborus kairomone. Our results demonstrate that neckteeth on D. longispina can be common in nature and that D. longispina can also induce other morphological defenses against predators. The similarity of neckteeth in D. longispina and D. pulex imposes yet unresolved questions on the evolutionary origin in these distantly related Daphnia groups.
Keywords	Chaoborus ; Daphnia longispina ; juveniles ; kairomones ; predation ; Scandinavia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-03
Size	p. 687-698.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-019-04588-6
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Article ; Online: Emerging Midges Transport Pesticides from Aquatic to Terrestrial Ecosystems: Importance of Compound- and Organism-Specific Parameters.

Roodt, Alexis P / Röder, Nina / Pietz, Sebastian / Kolbenschlag, Sara / Manfrin, Alessandro / Schwenk, Klaus / Bundschuh, Mirco / Schulz, Ralf

Environmental science & technology

2022 Volume 56, Issue 9, Page(s) 5478–5488

Abstract	Emerging aquatic insects have the potential to retain aquatic contaminants after metamorphosis, potentially transporting them into adjacent terrestrial food webs. It is unknown whether this transfer is also relevant for current-use pesticides. We exposed larvae of the nonbiting midge,
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chironomidae ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Insecta ; Larva ; Male ; Pesticides/analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Pesticides ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.1c08079
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Article: Making waves: Pulling the plug—Climate change effects will turn gaining into losing streams with detrimental effects on groundwater quality

Uhl, Anke / Hahn, Hans Jürgen / Jäger, Anne / Luftensteiner, Teresa / Siemensmeyer, Tobias / Döll, Petra / Noack, Markus / Schwenk, Klaus / Berkhoff, Sven / Weiler, Markus / Karwautz, Clemens / Griebler, Christian

Water research. 2022 July 15, v. 220

2022

Abstract: In many parts of the world, climate change has already caused a decline in groundwater recharge, whereas groundwater demand for drinking water production and irrigation continues to increase. In such regions, groundwater tables are steadily declining ... ...

Abstract	In many parts of the world, climate change has already caused a decline in groundwater recharge, whereas groundwater demand for drinking water production and irrigation continues to increase. In such regions, groundwater tables are steadily declining with major consequences for groundwater-surface water interactions. Predominantly gaining streams that rely on discharge of groundwater from the adjacent aquifer turn into predominantly losing streams whose water seeps into the underground. This reversal of groundwater-surface water interactions is associated with an increase of low river flows, drying of stream beds, and a switch of lotic ecosystems from perennial to intermittent, with consequences for fluvial and groundwater dependent ecosystems. Moreover, water infiltrating from rivers and streams can carry a complex mix of contaminants. Accordingly, the diversity and concentrations of compounds detected in groundwater has been increasing over the past decades. During low flow, stream and river discharge may consist mainly of treated wastewater. In losing stream systems, this contaminated water seeps into the adjoining aquifers. This threatens both ecosystems as well as drinking and irrigation water quality. Climate change is therefore severely altering landscape water balances, with groundwater-surface water-interactions having reached a tipping point in many cases. Current model projections harbor huge uncertainties and scientific evidence for these tipping points remains very limited. In particular, quantitative data on groundwater-surface water-interactions are scarce both on the local and the catchment scale. The result is poor public or political awareness, and appropriate management measures await implementation.
Keywords	aquifers ; climate change ; groundwater ; groundwater recharge ; irrigation ; irrigation water ; landscapes ; lotic systems ; politics ; research ; river flow ; rivers ; wastewater ; water pollution ; water quality ; watersheds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0715
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	202613-2
ISSN	1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
ISSN (online)	1879-2448
ISSN	0043-1354
DOI	10.1016/j.watres.2022.118649
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