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Article ; Online: Emerging clinical perspectives in cystic fibrosis liver disease.

Athwal, Varinder S / Scott, Jennifer A / Fitzpatrick, Emer / Rowland, Marion

2021 Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 593–599

Abstract: Purpose of review: Liver disease (CFLD) as a complication of cystic fibrosis is recognized as a more severe disease phenotype in both children and adults. We review recent advances in understanding the disease mechanism and consider the implications of ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Liver disease (CFLD) as a complication of cystic fibrosis is recognized as a more severe disease phenotype in both children and adults. We review recent advances in understanding the disease mechanism and consider the implications of new strategies for the diagnosis and management of cystic fibrosis in those with evidence of clinically significant liver disease. Recent findings: Evidence suggests that the prevalence of CFLD has not declined with the introduction of newborn screening. Furthermore, children with CFLD, who have been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis following newborn screening continue to have a much higher mortality rate compared with those with no liver disease. There is further data suggesting noncirrhotic obliterative portal venopathy as the predominant pathological mechanism in the majority of children and young adults receiving a liver transplantation. Little progress has been made in developing an accurate noninvasive test for early diagnosis or monitoring disease progression in CFLD. The benefit of new modulator therapies is not well understood in those with established CFLD, whereas the risk of hepatotoxicity as a complication of treatment must be carefully monitored. Summary: Better understanding of the pathophysiology of CFLD would allow a standardized approach to diagnosis, with the potential to improve outcomes for those with CFLD.
MeSH term(s)	Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Cystic Fibrosis/therapy ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases/etiology ; Liver Transplantation ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1285505-4
ISSN	1531-6971 ; 1070-5287 ; 1078-1641
ISSN (online)	1531-6971
ISSN	1070-5287 ; 1078-1641
DOI	10.1097/MCP.0000000000000824
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Article ; Online: A laser-induced mouse model of progressive retinal degeneration with central sparing displays features of parafoveal geographic atrophy.

Khan, Adnan H / Soundara Pandi, Sudha Priya / Scott, Jennifer A / Sánchez-Bretaño, Aida / Lynn, Savannah A / Ratnayaka, J Arjuna / Teeling, Jessica L / Lotery, Andrew J

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 4194

Abstract: There are no disease-modifying treatments available for geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration. Current murine models fail to fully recapitulate the features of GA and thus hinder drug discovery. Here we ... ...

Abstract	There are no disease-modifying treatments available for geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration. Current murine models fail to fully recapitulate the features of GA and thus hinder drug discovery. Here we describe a novel mouse model of retinal degeneration with hallmark features of GA. We used an 810 nm laser to create a retinal lesion with central sparing (RLCS), simulating parafoveal atrophy observed in patients with progressive GA. Laser-induced RLCS resulted in progressive GA-like pathology with the development of a confluent atrophic lesion. We demonstrate significant changes to the retinal structure and thickness in the central unaffected retina over a 24-week post-laser period, confirmed by longitudinal optical coherence tomography scans. We further show characteristic features of progressive GA, including a gradual reduction in the thickness of the central, unaffected retina and of total retinal thickness. Histological changes observed in the RLCS correspond to GA pathology, which includes the collapse of the outer nuclear layer, increased numbers of GFAP + , CD11b + and FcγRI + cells, and damage to cone and rod photoreceptors. We demonstrate a laser-induced mouse model of parafoveal GA progression, starting at 2 weeks post-laser and reaching confluence at 24 weeks post-laser. This 24-week time-frame in which GA pathology develops, provides an extended window of opportunity for proof-of-concept evaluation of drugs targeting GA. This time period is an added advantage compared to several existing models of geographic atrophy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Geographic Atrophy/pathology ; Retinal Degeneration/etiology ; Retinal Degeneration/pathology ; Fluorescein Angiography/methods ; Retina/diagnostic imaging ; Retina/pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Lasers ; Disease Models, Animal ; Atrophy/pathology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-31392-3
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Article: Improving detection of cystic fibrosis related liver disease using liver fibrosis assessment tools.

Scott, Jennifer A / Jones, Andrew M / Jokl, Elliot / Gordon-Walker, Timothy / Barry, Peter J / Hanley, Neil A / Piper Hanley, Karen / Athwal, Varinder S

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 11, Page(s) e21861

Abstract: Background & aims: Cystic Fibrosis related liver disease (CFLD) is the 3rd largest cause of death in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). As advances in pulmonary therapies have increased life-expectancy, CFLD has become more prevalent. Current guidelines may ... ...

Abstract	Background & aims: Cystic Fibrosis related liver disease (CFLD) is the 3rd largest cause of death in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). As advances in pulmonary therapies have increased life-expectancy, CFLD has become more prevalent. Current guidelines may underdiagnose liver fibrosis, particularly in its early stages. Newer modalities for the assessment of fibrosis may provide a more accurate assessment. FibroScan is validated in assessing fibrosis for several aetiologies including alcohol and fatty liver, the CFLD cohort have an entirely different phenotype so the cut off values are not transferrable. We appraised fibrosis assessment tools to improve diagnosis of CFLD. Methods: A prospective cohort (n = 114) of patients from the Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, UK were identified at annual assessment. Demographic data including co-morbidity, Results: 12 of 114 patient classified as CFLD according to the European Cystic Fibrosis Society best practice guidelines. No specific risk factors for development of CFLD were identified. Liver enzymes were elevated in patients with CFLD. Serum biomarker panels did not improve diagnostic criteria. LSM accurately predicted CFLD. A new diagnostic criterion was proposed and validated in a separate cohort, accurately predicating CFLD in 10 of 32 patients (31 %). Conclusion: We present a cohort of patients with CF assessed for the presence of liver fibrosis using blood biomarkers and LSM based platforms. We propose a new, simplified diagnostic criteria, capable of accurately predicting liver disease in patients with CF.Clinical trials number: NCT04277819.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21861
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Article ; Online: Human equivalent doses of L-DOPA rescues retinal morphology and visual function in a murine model of albinism.

Sanchez-Bretano, Aida / Keeling, Eloise / Scott, Jennifer A / Lynn, Savannah A / Soundara-Pandi, Sudha Priya / Macdonald, Sarah L / Newall, Tutte / Griffiths, Helen / Lotery, Andrew J / Ratnayaka, J Arjuna / Self, Jay E / Lee, Helena

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 17173

Abstract: L-DOPA is deficient in the developing albino eye, resulting in abnormalities of retinal development and visual impairment. Ongoing retinal development after birth has also been demonstrated in the developing albino eye offering a potential therapeutic ... ...

Abstract	L-DOPA is deficient in the developing albino eye, resulting in abnormalities of retinal development and visual impairment. Ongoing retinal development after birth has also been demonstrated in the developing albino eye offering a potential therapeutic window in humans. To study whether human equivalent doses of L-DOPA/Carbidopa administered during the crucial postnatal period of neuroplasticity can rescue visual function, OCA C57BL/6 J-c2J OCA1 mice were treated with a 28-day course of oral L-DOPA/Carbidopa at 3 different doses from 15 to 43 days postnatal age (PNA) and for 3 different lengths of treatment, to identify optimum dosage and treatment length. Visual electrophysiology, acuity, and retinal morphology were measured at 4, 5, 6, 12 and 16 weeks PNA and compared to untreated C57BL/6 J (WT) and OCA1 mice. Quantification of PEDF, βIII-tubulin and syntaxin-3 expression was also performed. Our data showed impaired retinal morphology, decreased retinal function and lower visual acuity in untreated OCA1 mice compared to WT mice. These changes were diminished or eliminated when treated with higher doses of L-DOPA/Carbidopa. Our results demonstrate that oral L-DOPA/Carbidopa supplementation at human equivalent doses during the postnatal critical period of retinal neuroplasticity can rescue visual retinal morphology and retinal function, via PEDF upregulation and modulation of retinal synaptogenesis, providing a further step towards developing an effective treatment for albinism patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Levodopa/pharmacology ; Levodopa/therapeutic use ; Carbidopa/pharmacology ; Carbidopa/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Albinism/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Levodopa (46627O600J) ; Carbidopa (MNX7R8C5VO)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-44373-3
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Article ; Online: Influences of weather on Ixodes scapularis nymphal densities at long-term study sites in Connecticut.

Hayes, Laura E / Scott, Jennifer A / Stafford, Kirby C

Ticks and tick-borne diseases

2015 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 258–266

Abstract: Tick species worldwide are implicated in transmission of pathogens that cause mild to severe diseases in humans and livestock. Although tick population densities are often highly correlated with tick-borne disease rates, we currently know little about ... ...

Abstract	Tick species worldwide are implicated in transmission of pathogens that cause mild to severe diseases in humans and livestock. Although tick population densities are often highly correlated with tick-borne disease rates, we currently know little about which factors underlie annual changes in those tick population densities. We used a 25-year dataset of Ixodes scapularis drag-sampling surveys at two locations in CT, USA, to investigate the relationship between average nymphal density from mid-May to mid-August and monthly, lagged regional weather variables. The dataset was randomly split into two data subsets, one for hypothesis development and one for hypothesis testing. Nymphal density showed the strongest association with the Standardized Precipitation Index for January of the same year that density data were collected in the analysis based on the hypothesis development data subset. This association was positive; nymphal tick density increased with regional winter precipitation. Nymphal density was positively associated with this same weather variable in the hypothesis testing data subset. Weather conditions during the coldest months of the year may serve as a bottleneck to tick populations, thereby functioning as an important correlate of not only annual blacklegged tick nymphal densities the following summer, but also entomological risk associated with tick-borne pathogens transmitted by this species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/growth & development ; Borrelia burgdorferi/physiology ; Connecticut/epidemiology ; Humans ; Ixodes/growth & development ; Lyme Disease/microbiology ; Lyme Disease/transmission ; Nymph ; Population Density ; Seasons ; Tick-Borne Diseases/microbiology ; Tick-Borne Diseases/transmission ; Weather
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2541872-5
ISSN	1877-9603 ; 1877-959X
ISSN (online)	1877-9603
ISSN	1877-959X
DOI	10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.01.006
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Article: Characterization of the Frmd7 Knock-Out Mice Generated by the EUCOMM/COMP Repository as a Model for Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus (IIN)

Salman, Ahmed / Hutton, Samuel B / Newall, Tutte / Scott, Jennifer A / Griffiths, Helen L / Lee, Helena / Gomez-Nicola, Diego / Lotery, Andrew J / Self, Jay E

Genes. 2020 Sept. 30, v. 11, no. 10

2020

Abstract: In this study, we seek to exclude other pathophysiological mechanisms by which Frmd7 knock-down may cause Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus (IIN) using the Frmd7.ᵗᵐ¹ᵃ and Frmd7.ᵗᵐ¹ᵇ murine models. We used a combination of genetic, histological and visual ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we seek to exclude other pathophysiological mechanisms by which Frmd7 knock-down may cause Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus (IIN) using the Frmd7.ᵗᵐ¹ᵃ and Frmd7.ᵗᵐ¹ᵇ murine models. We used a combination of genetic, histological and visual function techniques to characterize the role of Frmd7 gene in IIN using a novel murine model for the disease. We demonstrate that the Frmd7.ᵗᵐ¹ᵇ allele represents a more robust model of Frmd7 knock-out at the mRNA level. The expression of Frmd7 was investigated using both antibody staining and X-gal staining confirming previous reports that Frmd7 expression in the retina is restricted to starburst amacrine cells and demonstrating that X-gal staining recapitulates the expression pattern in this model. Thus, it offers a useful tool for further expression studies. We also show that gross retinal morphology and electrophysiology are unchanged in these Frmd7 mutant models when compared with wild-type mice. High-speed eye-tracking recordings of Frmd7 mutant mice confirm a specific horizontal optokinetic reflex defect. In summary, our study confirms the likely role for Frmd7 in the optokinetic reflex in mice mediated by starburst amacrine cells. We show that the Frmd7.ᵗᵐ¹ᵇ model provides a more robust knock-out than the Frmd7.ᵗᵐ¹ᵃ model at the mRNA level, although the functional consequence is unchanged. Finally, we establish a robust eye-tracking technique in mice that can be used in a variety of future studies using this model and others. Although our data highlight a deficit in the optiokinetic reflex as a result of the starburst amacrine cells in the retina, this does not rule out the involvement of other cells, in the brain or the retina where Frmd7 is expressed, in the pathophysiology of IIN.
Keywords	alleles ; animal models ; antibodies ; brain ; electrophysiology ; gene expression ; histology ; mice ; mutants ; pathophysiology ; retina
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0930
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes11101157
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The influence of organisational climate on care of patients with schizophrenia: a qualitative analysis of health care professionals' views.

Sutton, Jane / Family, Hannah E / Scott, Jennifer A / Gage, Heather / Taylor, Denise A

International journal of clinical pharmacy

2016 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 344–352

Abstract: Background: Organizational climate relates to how employees perceive and describe the characteristics of their employing organization. It has been found to have an impact on healthcare professionals' and patients' experiences of healthcare (e.g. job ... ...

Abstract	Background: Organizational climate relates to how employees perceive and describe the characteristics of their employing organization. It has been found to have an impact on healthcare professionals' and patients' experiences of healthcare (e.g. job satisfaction, patient satisfaction), as well as organizational outcomes (e.g. employee productivity). This research used organizational theory to explore dynamics between health care professionals (pharmacists, doctors and nurses) in mental health outpatients' services for patients taking clozapine, and the perceived influence on patient care. Setting: Seven clozapine clinics (from one NHS mental health Trust in the UK) which provided care for people with treatment resistant schizophrenia. Methods: This study used qualitative methods to identify organizational climate factors such as deep structures, micro-climates and climates of conflict that might inhibit change and affect patient care. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 healthcare professionals working in the clinics to explore their experiences of working in these clinics and the NHS mental health Trust the clinics were part of. Main outcome measure: Health Care Professionals' perceptions of the care of patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia. Results: Three superordinate themes emerged from the data: philosophy of care, need for change and role ambiguity. Participants found it difficult to articulate what a philosophy of care was and in spite of expressing the need for change in the way the clinics were run, could not see how 'changing things would work'. There was considerable role ambiguity with some 'blurring of the boundaries between roles'. Factors associated with organizational climate (role conflict; job satisfaction) were inhibiting team working and preventing staff from identifying the patients' health requirements and care delivery through innovation in skill mix. There were mixed attitudes towards the pharmacist's inclusion as a team member. Conclusions: Our findings suggest deficiencies within the clinics that may be manifestations of the wider culture of the NHS. The implications for mental health outpatient clinics are that local initiatives are crucial to the implementation of recovery models; clear guidance should be provided on the skill mix required in clozapine clinics and interprofessional learning should be encouraged to reduce role conflict.
MeSH term(s)	Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Clozapine/therapeutic use ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Personnel/organization & administration ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Health Personnel/standards ; Humans ; Mental Health Services/organization & administration ; Mental Health Services/standards ; Patient Satisfaction ; Schizophrenia/epidemiology ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; State Medicine/organization & administration ; State Medicine/standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Antipsychotic Agents ; Clozapine (J60AR2IKIC)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2601204-2
ISSN	2210-7711 ; 2210-7703 ; 0928-1231
ISSN (online)	2210-7711
ISSN	2210-7703 ; 0928-1231
DOI	10.1007/s11096-016-0247-z
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Article ; Online: Characterization of the Frmd7 Knock-Out Mice Generated by the EUCOMM/COMP Repository as a Model for Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus (IIN).

Salman, Ahmed / Hutton, Samuel B / Newall, Tutte / Scott, Jennifer A / Griffiths, Helen L / Lee, Helena / Gomez-Nicola, Diego / Lotery, Andrew J / Self, Jay E

Genes

2020 Volume 11, Issue 10

Abstract: In this study, we seek to exclude other pathophysiological mechanisms by ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we seek to exclude other pathophysiological mechanisms by which
MeSH term(s)	Alleles ; Amacrine Cells/metabolism ; Animals ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroretinography ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/pathology ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Nystagmus, Congenital/genetics ; Nystagmus, Congenital/pathology ; Nystagmus, Congenital/physiopathology ; Nystagmus, Optokinetic ; Retina/metabolism ; Retina/pathology ; Retina/physiopathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence
Chemical Substances	Cytoskeletal Proteins ; FRMD7 protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes11101157
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Article: Prevalence of organic neuro-ophthalmologic disease in patients with functional visual loss.

Scott, Jennifer A / Egan, Robert A

American journal of ophthalmology

2003 Volume 135, Issue 5, Page(s) 670–675

Abstract: Purpose: To determine the concurrence of various patterns of functional visual loss (FVL) and organic disease.: Design: A retrospective case series in a university neuro-ophthalmology practice.: Methods: A retrospective case series in which we ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To determine the concurrence of various patterns of functional visual loss (FVL) and organic disease. Design: A retrospective case series in a university neuro-ophthalmology practice. Methods: A retrospective case series in which we reviewed the clinical histories and neuro-ophthalmologic examinations of 133 consecutive patients diagnosed with FVL between July 1999 and August 2001. Functional visual loss was defined as an apparent afferent or efferent dysfunction that was unassociated with or far out of proportion with an identifiable lesion of the visual pathways. Results: A total of 133 patients were identified. Nineteen were pediatric, and 76 were female. Fifty-six had concurrent head or eye pain. Nineteen had a recent history of trauma, and 17 had a recent surgical procedure. The most common pattern of FVL was a normal visual field in the presence of reduced visual acuity. Seventy-one patients (53%) with FVL presented with abnormal neuro-ophthalmologic examinations. Thirteen patients had central scotomata, and all had concurrent retinal or optic nerve pathology. Only 18 patients had a known disability claim pending. Conclusion: Although FVL was found in patients with no pathology, it was more common to find objective abnormalities on examination. This concurrence rate underscores the clinical necessity for following patients closely despite the diagnosis of FVL. No pattern of visual field constriction was routinely predictive of ophthalmologic or neurologic pathology except the presence of a central scotoma. The presence of a central scotoma in a nonorganic visual field should alert the practitioner to search for organic pathology.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve Diseases/complications ; Optic Nerve Diseases/epidemiology ; Oregon/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Retinal Diseases/complications ; Retinal Diseases/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Vision Disorders/complications ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80030-2
ISSN	1879-1891 ; 0002-9394
ISSN (online)	1879-1891
ISSN	0002-9394
DOI	10.1016/s0002-9394(02)02254-7
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Article: Self-efficacy correlates with leg muscle pain during maximal and submaximal cycling exercise.

Motl, Robert W / Gliottoni, Rachael C / Scott, Jennifer A

The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society

2007 Volume 8, Issue 7, Page(s) 583–587

Abstract: Unlabelled: Quadriceps muscle pain is a naturally occurring consequence of moderate- to high-intensity cycle ergometry. The present study involved an examination of self-efficacy for tolerating muscle pain during exercise as a correlate of muscle pain ... ...

Abstract	Unlabelled: Quadriceps muscle pain is a naturally occurring consequence of moderate- to high-intensity cycle ergometry. The present study involved an examination of self-efficacy for tolerating muscle pain during exercise as a correlate of muscle pain during maximal and submaximal cycle ergometry. Young adult females (n=16) who were healthy and regularly physically active completed a measure of self-efficacy for tolerating moderate to strong pain in the legs and then undertook a maximal incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Within 1 week, participants completed a 30-minute bout of submaximal exercise (80% VO2peak) on a cycle ergometer. Ratings of quadriceps muscle pain intensity were recorded every minute during the maximal incremental exercise test and every 5 minutes during the submaximal exercise session. Self-efficacy for tolerating pain was moderately inversely correlated with ratings of peak muscle pain during the maximal incremental exercise test (r=-.45) and pain ratings averaged across the submaximal session (r=-.49). Our results are consistent with social-cognitive theory and indicate that self-efficacy for tolerating pain is inversely associated with ratings of muscle pain during maximal and submaximal exercise in healthy and regularly active young adult females. Such findings support a possible examination of strategies for manipulating self-efficacy for tolerating pain and thereby reducing muscle pain during exercise. Perspective: Our data provided evidence that self-efficacy for tolerating moderate to strong muscle pain during exercise correlates with muscle pain intensity ratings during bouts of maximal and submaximal exercise. Future research could identify methods of manipulating self-efficacy as a means of decreasing muscle pain during exercise and ultimately enhancing physical activity participation.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Exercise Test/psychology ; Exercise Tolerance/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Pain/diagnosis ; Pain/psychology ; Pain Measurement/methods ; Pain Measurement/psychology ; Pain Threshold/psychology ; Perception/physiology ; Physical Fitness/physiology ; Quadriceps Muscle/physiopathology ; Sex Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2018789-0
ISSN	1526-5900
ISSN	1526-5900
DOI	10.1016/j.jpain.2007.03.002
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