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Article ; Online: Host diversity and behavior determine patterns of interspecies transmission and geographic diffusion of avian influenza A subtypes among North American wild reservoir species.

Joseph T Hicks / Kimberly Edwards / Xueting Qiu / Do-Kyun Kim / James E Hixson / Scott Krauss / Richard J Webby / Robert G Webster / Justin Bahl

PLoS Pathogens, Vol 18, Iss 4, p e

2022 Volume 1009973

Abstract: Wild birds can carry avian influenza viruses (AIV), including those with pandemic or panzootic potential, long distances. Even though AIV has a broad host range, few studies account for host diversity when estimating AIV spread. We analyzed AIV genomic ... ...

Abstract	Wild birds can carry avian influenza viruses (AIV), including those with pandemic or panzootic potential, long distances. Even though AIV has a broad host range, few studies account for host diversity when estimating AIV spread. We analyzed AIV genomic sequences from North American wild birds, including 303 newly sequenced isolates, to estimate interspecies and geographic viral transition patterns among multiple co-circulating subtypes. Our results show high transition rates within Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, but limited transitions between these orders. Patterns of transition between species were positively associated with breeding habitat range overlap, and negatively associated with host genetic distance. Distance between regions (negative correlation) and summer temperature at origin (positive correlation) were strong predictors of transition between locations. Taken together, this study demonstrates that host diversity and ecology can determine evolutionary processes that underlie AIV natural history and spread. Understanding these processes can provide important insights for effective control of AIV.
Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Neutralizing antibodies to type a influenza viruses in shorebirds at delaware bay, new jersey, usa

Bahnson, Charlie S / David E. Stallknecht / Rebecca L. Poulson / Robert G. Webster / Scott Krauss

Journal of wildlife diseases. 2018 Oct., v. 54, no. 4

2018

Abstract: Influenza A virus (IAV) infections in shorebirds at Delaware Bay, New Jersey, US, have historically included avian hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes H1–13 and H16. In a given year, infections are characterized by a limited number of HA and neuraminidase ... ...

Abstract	Influenza A virus (IAV) infections in shorebirds at Delaware Bay, New Jersey, US, have historically included avian hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes H1–13 and H16. In a given year, infections are characterized by a limited number of HA and neuraminidase subtypes and a dominant HA subtype that often represents >50% of all isolates. Predominant HA subtypes shift between consecutive years. In addition, infection prevalence is consistently higher in Ruddy Turnstones (RUTU; Arenaria interpres morinella) compared to Red Knots (REKN; Calidris canutus rufa), despite comparable rates of exposure. To investigate a potential immunological basis for this phenomenon, a virus microneutralization assay was used to detect subtype-specific, neutralizing antibodies to H1–H12 in sera collected from RUTUs from 2012–16 and REKNs in 2012, 2013, and 2016. Neutralizing antibodies to one or more subtypes were detected in 36% (222/611) of RUTUs. Prevalence of antibodies to subtypes H6 and H11 remained high throughout the study, and these virus subtypes were isolated every year, suggesting a continual source of exposure. Antibody prevalence was intermediate for most IAV subtypes that were isolated in 2–3 of 5 yr (H1, H3, H5, H9, H10, and H12) but was low for H7 viruses, despite the isolation of this virus subtype in 3 of 5 yr. This suggests a reduced antigenicity of H7 IAVs compared to other subtypes. Antibody prevalence was low for H4 virus that was isolated once, and H2 and H8 viruses that were never isolated. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 66% (169/257) of REKNs and subtype-specific antibody prevalences were higher in REKNs than RUTUs with few exceptions. The results suggest that population immunity influences which species is infected at Delaware Bay, indicate that IAV dynamics are subtype-dependent, and demonstrate the utility of the microneutralization assay as a supportive tool for field research.
Keywords	Arenaria interpres ; birds ; Calidris canutus ; hemagglutinins ; immunity ; Influenza A virus ; neutralization ; neutralizing antibodies ; seroprevalence ; sialidase ; Delaware Bay ; New Jersey
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-10
Size	p. 708-715.
Publishing place	Wildife Disease Association
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	410709-3
ISSN	1943-3700 ; 0090-3558
ISSN (online)	1943-3700
ISSN	0090-3558
DOI	10.7589/2017-10-252
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: H13 influenza viruses in wild birds have undergone genetic and antigenic diversification in nature

Wang, Zu-Jyun / Hiroshi Kida / Keita Matsuno / Lam Thanh Nguyen / Masatoshi Okamatsu / Richard Webby / Scott Krauss / Takahiro Hiono / Yoshihiro Sakoda / Youn-Jeong Lee / Yuto Kikutani

Virus genes. 2018 Aug., v. 54, no. 4

2018

Abstract: Among 16 haemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), H13 AIVs have rarely been isolated in wild waterfowl. H13 AIVs cause asymptomatic infection and are maintained mainly in gull and tern populations; however, the recorded antigenic ... ...

Abstract	Among 16 haemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), H13 AIVs have rarely been isolated in wild waterfowl. H13 AIVs cause asymptomatic infection and are maintained mainly in gull and tern populations; however, the recorded antigenic information relating to the viruses has been limited. In this study, 2 H13 AIVs, A/duck/Hokkaido/W345/2012 (H13N2) and A/duck/Hokkaido/WZ68/2012 (H13N2), isolated from the same area in the same year in our surveillance, were genetically and antigenically analyzed with 10 representative H13 strains including a prototype strain, A/gull/Maryland/704/1977 (H13N6). The HA genes of H13 AIVs were phylogenetically divided into 3 groups (I, II, and III). A/duck/Hokkaido/W345/2012 (H13N2) was genetically classified into Group III. This virus was distinct from a prototype strain, A/gull/Maryland/704/1977 (H13N6), and the virus, A/duck/Hokkaido/WZ68/2012 (H13N2), both belonging to Group I. Antigenic analysis indicated that the viruses of Group I were antigenically closely related to those of Group II, but distinct from those of Group III, including A/duck/Hokkaido/W345/2012 (H13N2). In summary, our study indicates that H13 AIVs have undergone antigenic diversification in nature.
Keywords	ducks ; genes ; hemagglutinins ; Influenza A virus ; monitoring ; phylogeny ; prototypes ; viruses ; waterfowl ; wild birds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-08
Size	p. 543-549.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	639496-6
ISSN	1572-994X ; 0920-8569
ISSN (online)	1572-994X
ISSN	0920-8569
DOI	10.1007/s11262-018-1573-0
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Genetic characterization and pathogenic potential of H10 avian influenza viruses isolated from live poultry markets in Bangladesh

Rabeh El-Shesheny / John Franks / Bindumadhav M. Marathe / M. Kamrul Hasan / Mohammed M. Feeroz / Scott Krauss / Peter Vogel / Pamela McKenzie / Richard J. Webby / Robert G. Webster

Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2018 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Fatal human cases of avian-origin H10N8 influenza virus infections have raised concern about their potential for human-to-human transmission. H10 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been isolated from wild and domestic aquatic birds ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Fatal human cases of avian-origin H10N8 influenza virus infections have raised concern about their potential for human-to-human transmission. H10 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been isolated from wild and domestic aquatic birds across Eurasia and North America. We isolated eight H10 AIVs (four H10N7, two H10N9, one H10N1, and one H10N6) from live poultry markets in Bangladesh. Genetic analyses demonstrated that all eight isolates belong to the Eurasian lineage. HA phylogenetic and antigenic analyses indicated that two antigenically distinct groups of H10 AIVs are circulating in Bangladeshi live poultry markets. We evaluated the virulence of four representative H10 AIV strains in DBA/2J mice and found that they replicated efficiently in mice without prior adaptation. Moreover, H10N6 and H10N1 AIVs caused high mortality with systemic dissemination. These results indicate that H10 AIVs pose a potential threat to human health and the mechanisms of their transmissibility should be elucidated.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Molecular Characterization of Subtype H11N9 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Shorebirds in Brazil.

Renata Hurtado / Thomas Fabrizio / Ralph Eric Thijl Vanstreels / Scott Krauss / Richard J Webby / Robert G Webster / Edison Luiz Durigon

PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 12, p e

2015 Volume 0145627

Abstract: Migratory aquatic birds play an important role in the maintenance and spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV). Many species of aquatic migratory birds tend to use similar migration routes, also known as flyways, which serve as important circuits for the ... ...

Abstract	Migratory aquatic birds play an important role in the maintenance and spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV). Many species of aquatic migratory birds tend to use similar migration routes, also known as flyways, which serve as important circuits for the dissemination of AIV. In recent years there has been extensive surveillance of the virus in aquatic birds in the Northern Hemisphere; however in contrast only a few studies have been attempted to detect AIV in wild birds in South America. There are major flyways connecting South America to Central and North America, whereas avian migration routes between South America and the remaining continents are uncommon. As a result, it has been hypothesized that South American AIV strains would be most closely related to the strains from North America than to those from other regions in the world. We characterized the full genome of three AIV subtype H11N9 isolates obtained from ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) on the Amazon coast of Brazil. For all gene segments, all three strains consistently clustered together within evolutionary lineages of AIV that had been previously described from aquatic birds in North America. In particular, the H11N9 isolates were remarkably closely related to AIV strains from shorebirds sampled at the Delaware Bay region, on the Northeastern coast of the USA, more than 5000 km away from where the isolates were retrieved. Additionally, there was also evidence of genetic similarity to AIV strains from ducks and teals from interior USA and Canada. These findings corroborate that migratory flyways of aquatic birds play an important role in determining the genetic structure of AIV in the Western hemisphere, with a strong epidemiological connectivity between North and South America.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal changes in influenza A virus prevalence among wild waterfowl inhabiting the continental United States throughout the annual cycle

Cody M. Kent / Andrew M. Ramey / Joshua T. Ackerman / Justin Bahl / Sarah N. Bevins / Andrew S. Bowman / Walter M. Boyce / Carol J. Cardona / Michael L. Casazza / Troy D. Cline / Susan E. De La Cruz / Jeffrey S. Hall / Nichola J. Hill / Hon S. Ip / Scott Krauss / Jennifer M. Mullinax / Jacqueline M. Nolting / Magdalena Plancarte / Rebecca L. Poulson /

Jonathan A. Runstadler / Richard D. Slemons / David E. Stallknecht / Jeffery D. Sullivan / John Y. Takekawa / Richard J. Webby / Robert G. Webster / Diann J. Prosser

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Avian influenza viruses can pose serious risks to agricultural production, human health, and wildlife. An understanding of viruses in wild reservoir species across time and space is important to informing surveillance programs, risk models, and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Avian influenza viruses can pose serious risks to agricultural production, human health, and wildlife. An understanding of viruses in wild reservoir species across time and space is important to informing surveillance programs, risk models, and potential population impacts for vulnerable species. Although it is recognized that influenza A virus prevalence peaks in reservoir waterfowl in late summer through autumn, temporal and spatial variation across species has not been fully characterized. We combined two large influenza databases for North America and applied spatiotemporal models to explore patterns in prevalence throughout the annual cycle and across the continental United States for 30 waterfowl species. Peaks in prevalence in late summer through autumn were pronounced for dabbling ducks in the genera Anas and Spatula, but not Mareca. Spatially, areas of high prevalence appeared to be related to regional duck density, with highest predicted prevalence found across the upper Midwest during early fall, though further study is needed. We documented elevated prevalence in late winter and early spring, particularly in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Our results suggest that spatiotemporal variation in prevalence outside autumn staging areas may also represent a dynamic parameter to be considered in IAV ecology and associated risks.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The potential of avian H1N1 influenza A viruses to replicate and cause disease in mammalian models.

Zeynep A Koçer / Scott Krauss / David E Stallknecht / Jerold E Rehg / Robert G Webster

PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e

2012 Volume 41609

Abstract: H1N1 viruses in which all gene segments are of avian origin are the most frequent cause of influenza pandemics in humans; therefore, we examined the disease-causing potential of 31 avian H1N1 isolates of American lineage in DBA/2J mice. Thirty of 31 ... ...

Abstract	H1N1 viruses in which all gene segments are of avian origin are the most frequent cause of influenza pandemics in humans; therefore, we examined the disease-causing potential of 31 avian H1N1 isolates of American lineage in DBA/2J mice. Thirty of 31 isolates were very virulent, causing respiratory tract infection; 22 of 31 resulted in fecal shedding; and 10 of 31 were as pathogenic as the pandemic 2009 H1N1 viruses. Preliminary studies in BALB/cJ mice and ferrets showed that 1 of 4 isolates tested was more pathogenic than the pandemic 2009 H1N1 viruses in BALB/cJ mice, and 1 of 2 strains transmitted both by direct and respiratory-droplet contact in ferrets. Preliminary studies of other avian subtypes (H2, H3, H4, H6, H10, H12) in DBA/2J mice showed lower pathogenicity than the avian H1N1 viruses. These findings suggest that avian H1N1 influenza viruses are unique among influenza A viruses in their potential to infect mammals.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Influenza A virus

Rebecca L. Poulson / Page M. Luttrell / Morgan J. Slusher / Benjamin R. Wilcox / Lawrence J. Niles / Amanda D. Dey / Roy D. Berghaus / Scott Krauss / Robert G. Webster / David E. Stallknecht

Royal Society Open Science, Vol 4, Iss

sampling of the unique shorebird habitat at Delaware Bay, USA

2017 Volume 11

Abstract: Delaware (DE) Bay, in the northeastern USA, has long been recognized as a hotspot for avian influenza A virus (IAV); every spring, this coastal region serves as a brief stopover site for thousands of long-distance migrating shorebirds, en route to ... ...

Abstract	Delaware (DE) Bay, in the northeastern USA, has long been recognized as a hotspot for avian influenza A virus (IAV); every spring, this coastal region serves as a brief stopover site for thousands of long-distance migrating shorebirds, en route to breeding grounds in the Arctic. During these stopovers, IAV has been consistently recovered from ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) that are likely to become infected as they feed by probing sand and cobble in search of food. In May 2010–2012, we successfully isolated 19 IAV from environmental samples (sand, n = 18; horseshoe crab eggs, n = 1) obtained from DE Bay sites. Two of these viruses were subjected to laboratory conditions similar to those in the DE Bay spring-time environment, and remained infectious for 7 days. Here, through the recovery of IAV from environmental samples, temperature monitoring at and below the sand surface and simulated laboratory trials, we provide evidence that the beach environment may enable localized transmission and short-term maintenance of IAV in this unique ecosystem.
Keywords	influenza a virus ; environment ; delaware bay ; avian influenza ; shorebirds ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Royal Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evidence for the circulation and inter-hemispheric movement of the H14 subtype influenza A virus.

Anthony C Fries / Jacqueline M Nolting / Angela Danner / Robert G Webster / Andrew S Bowman / Scott Krauss / Richard D Slemons

PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e

2013 Volume 59216

Abstract: Three H14 influenza A virus (IAV) isolates recovered in 2010 during routine virus surveillance along the Mississippi Migratory Bird Flyway in Wisconsin, U.S.A. raised questions about the natural history of these rare viruses. These were the first H14 IAV ...

Abstract	Three H14 influenza A virus (IAV) isolates recovered in 2010 during routine virus surveillance along the Mississippi Migratory Bird Flyway in Wisconsin, U.S.A. raised questions about the natural history of these rare viruses. These were the first H14 IAV isolates recovered in the Western Hemisphere and the only H14 IAV isolates recovered since the original four isolates in 1982 in Asia. Full length genomic sequencing of the 2010 H14 isolates demonstrated the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from the 1982 and 2010 H14 isolates showed 89.6% nucleotide and 95.6% amino acid similarity and phylogenetic analysis of these viruses placed them with strong support within the H14 subtype lineage. The level of genomic divergence observed between the 1982 and 2010 viruses provides evidence that the H14 HA segment was circulating undetected in hosts and was not maintained in environmental stasis. Further, the evolutionary relationship observed between 1982 H14 and the closely related H4 subtype HA segments were similar to contemporary comparisons suggesting limited adaptive divergence between these sister subtypes. The nonstructural (NS) segment of one 2010 isolate was placed in a NS clade isolated infrequently over the last several decades that includes the NS segment from a previously reported 1982 H14 isolate indicating the existence of an unidentified pool of genomic diversity. An additional neuraminidase reassortment event indicated a recent inter-hemispheric gene flow from Asia into the center of North America. These results demonstrate temporal and spatial gaps in the understanding of IAV natural history. Additionally, the reassortment history of these viruses raises concern for the inter-continental spread of IAVs and the efficacy of current IAV surveillance efforts in detecting genomic diversity of viruses circulating in wild birds.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Highly Pathogenic Reassortant Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.2.1a in Poultry, Bhutan

Atanaska Marinova-Petkova / John Franks / Sangay Tenzin / Narapati Dahal / Kinzang Dukpa / Jambay Dorjee / Mohammed M. Feeroz / Jerold E. Rehg / Subrata Barman / Scott Krauss / Pamela McKenzie / Richard Webby / Robert G. Webster

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 22, Iss 12, Pp 2137-

2016 Volume 2141

Abstract: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1), clade 2.3.2.1a, with an H9-like polymerase basic protein 1 gene, isolated in Bhutan in 2012, replicated faster in vitro than its H5N1 parental genotype and was transmitted more efficiently in a chicken model. ... ...

Abstract	Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1), clade 2.3.2.1a, with an H9-like polymerase basic protein 1 gene, isolated in Bhutan in 2012, replicated faster in vitro than its H5N1 parental genotype and was transmitted more efficiently in a chicken model. These properties likely help limit/eradicate outbreaks, combined with strict control measures.
Keywords	highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 ; clade 2.3.2.1a ; Bhutan ; Indian subcontinent ; reassortant ; outbreak ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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