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  1. Article ; Online: Pathogen-agnostic immune biomarkers that predict infection after solid organ transplantation.

    Imlay, Hannah / Seibert, Allan M / Hanson, Kimberly E

    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) e14020

    Abstract: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) remain at high risk for infection throughout their post-transplant course. Dosing of immunosuppressive medications, strategies that prevent infection, and choice of empiric antimicrobial treatment could be ... ...

    Abstract Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) remain at high risk for infection throughout their post-transplant course. Dosing of immunosuppressive medications, strategies that prevent infection, and choice of empiric antimicrobial treatment could be optimized by a better understanding of an individual patient's risk for infectious complications. Diagnostic tests that qualitatively or quantitatively measure the function of the immune system and/or its response to infection may be useful for individualized management decisions. Numerous studies have identified an association between infectious outcomes after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and the results of a variety of non-pathogen-specific or "pathogen-agnostic" immune monitoring tests. These biomarkers include humoral immune markers, functional or quantitative assessments of cellular immunity, transcriptomic-based diagnostics, and replication of viruses within the human virome, which have been used to predict or diagnose a variety of different infectious diseases complicating SOT. In this narrative review, we discuss several host-derived immune biomarkers that show promise for either predicting or diagnosing infection among SOTRs. However, additional studies are needed to determine the optimal use of immune response testing. Whether immune biomarkers contribute added benefits to current standard clinical care has not yet been determined. Testing must be validated across a range of clinical scenarios, including surveillance to predict infection risk and diagnosis of active infection at various time points post transplant.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Organ Transplantation/adverse effects ; Organ Transplantation/methods ; Infections/etiology ; Transplant Recipients ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-27
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1476094-0
    ISSN 1399-3062 ; 1398-2273
    ISSN (online) 1399-3062
    ISSN 1398-2273
    DOI 10.1111/tid.14020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor of the Knee with Concurrent Polymicrobial Infection (

    Marshall, J Hunter / Skedros, John G / Campana, Chris F / Seibert, Allan M

    Case reports in infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 2021, Page(s) 5523212

    Abstract: Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCT) are a rare class of benign proliferative tumors that are classified according to their presentation: localized-type (L-TGCT) or diffuse-type (D-TGCT). TGCT is synonymous with pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS). ... ...

    Abstract Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCT) are a rare class of benign proliferative tumors that are classified according to their presentation: localized-type (L-TGCT) or diffuse-type (D-TGCT). TGCT is synonymous with pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS). We describe the unique case of a 56-year-old obese male with type 2 diabetes who had polymicrobial septic arthritis of his left knee joint with concurrent D-TGCT in the same knee. While on a vacation, he noticed spontaneous left knee pain and swelling with an acute onset of fever. He was diagnosed with septic arthritis that was attributed to hematogenous spread from a leg laceration. The septic arthritis was treated with arthroscopic lavage and debridement, including simultaneous excision of the D-TGCT lesions, followed by intravenous ceftriaxone. Cultures of the synovial tissue that were obtained during arthroscopy grew
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-14
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2627642-2
    ISSN 2090-6633 ; 2090-6625
    ISSN (online) 2090-6633
    ISSN 2090-6625
    DOI 10.1155/2021/5523212
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Mycetomalike Skin Infection Due to Gordonia bronchialis in an Immunocompetent Patient.

    Abbott, James / Beuning, Courtney / Seibert, Allan M / Florell, Scott R / Certain, Laura

    Cutis

    2022  Volume 110, Issue 4, Page(s) E20–E26

    Abstract: Gordonia bronchialis is a partially acid-fast, gram-positive rod that has been found in a variety of nosocomial infections, most frequently sternal wound infection following coronary artery bypass surgery. We report a case of a mycetomalike infection due ...

    Abstract Gordonia bronchialis is a partially acid-fast, gram-positive rod that has been found in a variety of nosocomial infections, most frequently sternal wound infection following coronary artery bypass surgery. We report a case of a mycetomalike infection due to G bronchialis in an immunocompetent patient with complete resolution after 3 months of oral antibiotics.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Skin Diseases, Infectious ; Cellulitis ; Actinobacteria ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391840-3
    ISSN 2326-6929 ; 0011-4162 ; 0151-9522
    ISSN (online) 2326-6929
    ISSN 0011-4162 ; 0151-9522
    DOI 10.12788/cutis.0641
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Impact of an antibiotic stewardship initiative on urgent-care respiratory prescribing across patient race, ethnicity, and language.

    Seibert, Allan M / Hersh, Adam L / Patel, Payal K / Hicks, Lauri A / Fino, Nora / Stanfield, Valoree / Stenehjem, Edward A

    Infection control and hospital epidemiology

    2023  Volume 45, Issue 4, Page(s) 530–533

    Abstract: We conducted a post hoc analysis of an antibiotic stewardship intervention implemented across our health system's urgent-care network to determine whether there was a differential impact among patient groups. Respiratory urgent-care antibiotic ... ...

    Abstract We conducted a post hoc analysis of an antibiotic stewardship intervention implemented across our health system's urgent-care network to determine whether there was a differential impact among patient groups. Respiratory urgent-care antibiotic prescribing decreased for all racial, ethnic, and preferred language groups, but disparities in antibiotic prescribing persisted.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ethnicity ; Antimicrobial Stewardship ; Delivery of Health Care ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Language ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Inappropriate Prescribing/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639378-0
    ISSN 1559-6834 ; 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    ISSN (online) 1559-6834
    ISSN 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    DOI 10.1017/ice.2023.258
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Beyond antibiotic prescribing rates: first-line antibiotic selection, prescription duration, and associated factors for respiratory encounters in urgent care.

    Seibert, Allan M / Schenk, Carly / Buckel, Whitney R / Patel, Payal K / Fino, Nora / Stanfield, Valoree / Hersh, Adam L / Stenehjem, Eddie

    Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) e146

    Abstract: Objective: Assess urgent care (UC) clinician prescribing practices and factors associated with first-line antibiotic selection and recommended duration of therapy for sinusitis, acute otitis media (AOM), and pharyngitis.: Design: Retrospective cohort ...

    Abstract Objective: Assess urgent care (UC) clinician prescribing practices and factors associated with first-line antibiotic selection and recommended duration of therapy for sinusitis, acute otitis media (AOM), and pharyngitis.
    Design: Retrospective cohort study.
    Participants: All respiratory UC encounters and clinicians in the Intermountain Health (IH) network, July 1st, 2019-June 30th, 2020.
    Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to characterize first-line antibiotic selection rates and the duration of antibiotic prescriptions during pharyngitis, sinusitis, and AOM UC encounters. Patient and clinician characteristics were evaluated. System-specific guidelines recommended 5-10 days of penicillin, amoxicillin, or amoxicillin-clavulanate as first-line. Alternative therapies were recommended for penicillin allergy. Generalized estimating equation modeling was used to assess predictors of first-line antibiotic selection, prescription duration, and first-line antibiotic prescriptions for an appropriate duration.
    Results: Among encounters in which an antibiotic was prescribed, the rate of first-line antibiotic selection was 75%, the recommended duration was 70%, and the rate of first-line antibiotic selection for the recommended duration was 53%. AOM was associated with the highest rate of first-line prescriptions (83%); sinusitis the lowest (69%). Pharyngitis was associated with the highest rate of prescriptions for the recommended duration (91%); AOM the lowest (51%). Penicillin allergy was the strongest predictor of non-first-line selection (OR = 0.02, 95% CI [0.02, 0.02]) and was also associated with extended duration prescriptions (OR = 0.87 [0.80, 0.95]).
    Conclusions: First-line antibiotic selection and duration for respiratory UC encounters varied by diagnosis and patient characteristics. These areas can serve as a focus for ongoing stewardship efforts.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2732-494X
    ISSN (online) 2732-494X
    DOI 10.1017/ash.2023.416
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Implementation of an Antibiotic Stewardship Initiative in a Large Urgent Care Network.

    Stenehjem, Edward / Wallin, Anthony / Willis, Park / Kumar, Naresh / Seibert, Allan M / Buckel, Whitney R / Stanfield, Valoree / Brunisholz, Kimberly D / Fino, Nora / Samore, Matthew H / Srivastava, Rajendu / Hicks, Lauri A / Hersh, Adam L

    JAMA network open

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 5, Page(s) e2313011

    Abstract: Importance: Urgent Care (UC) encounters result in more inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions than other outpatient setting. Few stewardship interventions have focused on UC.: Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an antibiotic stewardship ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Urgent Care (UC) encounters result in more inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions than other outpatient setting. Few stewardship interventions have focused on UC.
    Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an antibiotic stewardship initiative to reduce antibiotic prescribing for respiratory conditions in a UC network.
    Design, setting, and participants: This quality improvement study conducted in a UC network with 38 UC clinics and 1 telemedicine clinic included 493 724 total UC encounters. The study compared the antibiotic prescribing rates of all UC clinicians who encountered respiratory conditions for a 12-month baseline period (July 1, 2018, through June 30, 2019) with an intervention period (July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2020). A sustainability period (July 1, 2020, through June 30, 2021) was added post hoc.
    Interventions: Stewardship interventions included (1) education for clinicians and patients, (2) electronic health record (EHR) tools, (3) a transparent clinician benchmarking dashboard, and (4) media. Occurring independently but concurrent with the interventions, a stewardship measure was introduced by UC leadership into the quality measures, including a financial incentive.
    Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was the percentage of UC encounters with an antibiotic prescription for a respiratory condition. Secondary outcomes included antibiotic prescribing when antibiotics were not indicated (tier 3 encounters) and first-line antibiotics for acute otitis media, sinusitis, and pharyngitis. Interrupted time series with binomial generalized estimating equations were used to compare periods.
    Results: The baseline period included 207 047 UC encounters for respiratory conditions (56.8% female; mean [SD] age, 30.0 [21.4] years; 92.0% White race); the intervention period included 183 893 UC encounters (56.4% female; mean [SD] age, 30.7 [20.8] years; 91.2% White race). Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory conditions decreased from 47.8% (baseline) to 33.3% (intervention). During the initial intervention month, a 22% reduction in antibiotic prescribing occurred (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.86). Antibiotic prescriptions decreased by 5% monthly during the intervention (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94-0.96). Antibiotic prescribing for tier 3 encounters decreased by 47% (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.44-63), and first-line antibiotic prescriptions increased by 18% (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09-1.29) during the initial intervention month. Antibiotic prescriptions for tier 3 encounters decreased by an additional 4% each month (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98), whereas first-line antibiotic prescriptions did not change (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.01). Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory conditions remained stable in the sustainability period.
    Conclusions and relevance: The findings of this quality improvement study indicated that a UC antibiotic stewardship initiative was associated with decreased antibiotic prescribing for respiratory conditions. This study provides a model for UC antibiotic stewardship.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Antimicrobial Stewardship ; Sinusitis/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Ambulatory Care
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Rapid streptococcal pharyngitis testing and antibiotic prescribing before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

    Seibert, Allan M / Stenehjem, Edward / Wallin, Anthony / Willis, Park / Brunisholz, Kim / Kumar, Naresh / Stanfield, Valoree / Fino, Nora / Shapiro, Daniel J / Hersh, Adam

    Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE

    2022  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) e80

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2732-494X
    ISSN (online) 2732-494X
    DOI 10.1017/ash.2022.222
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Urgent-care antibiotic prescribing: An exploratory analysis to evaluate health inequities.

    Seibert, Allan M / Hersh, Adam L / Patel, Payal K / Matheu, Michelle / Stanfield, Valoree / Fino, Nora / Hicks, Lauri A / Tsay, Sharon V / Kabbani, Sarah / Stenehjem, Edward

    Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE

    2022  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) e184

    Abstract: Healthcare disparities and inequities exist in a variety of environments and manifest in diagnostic and therapeutic measures. In this commentary, we highlight our experience examining our organization's urgent care respiratory encounter antibiotic ... ...

    Abstract Healthcare disparities and inequities exist in a variety of environments and manifest in diagnostic and therapeutic measures. In this commentary, we highlight our experience examining our organization's urgent care respiratory encounter antibiotic prescribing practices. We identified differences in prescribing based on several individual characteristics including patient age, race, ethnicity, preferred language, and patient and/or clinician gender. Our approach can serve as an electronic health record (EHR)-based methodology for disparity and inequity audits in other systems and for other conditions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2732-494X
    ISSN (online) 2732-494X
    DOI 10.1017/ash.2022.329
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Baricitinib versus dexamethasone for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (ACTT-4): a randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial.

    Wolfe, Cameron R / Tomashek, Kay M / Patterson, Thomas F / Gomez, Carlos A / Marconi, Vincent C / Jain, Mamta K / Yang, Otto O / Paules, Catharine I / Palacios, Guillermo M Ruiz / Grossberg, Robert / Harkins, Michelle S / Mularski, Richard A / Erdmann, Nathaniel / Sandkovsky, Uriel / Almasri, Eyad / Pineda, Justino Regalado / Dretler, Alexandra W / de Castilla, Diego Lopez / Branche, Angela R /
    Park, Pauline K / Mehta, Aneesh K / Short, William R / McLellan, Susan L F / Kline, Susan / Iovine, Nicole M / El Sahly, Hana M / Doernberg, Sarah B / Oh, Myoung-Don / Huprikar, Nikhil / Hohmann, Elizabeth / Kelley, Colleen F / Holodniy, Mark / Kim, Eu Suk / Sweeney, Daniel A / Finberg, Robert W / Grimes, Kevin A / Maves, Ryan C / Ko, Emily R / Engemann, John J / Taylor, Barbara S / Ponce, Philip O / Larson, LuAnn / Melendez, Dante Paolo / Seibert, Allan M / Rouphael, Nadine G / Strebe, Joslyn / Clark, Jesse L / Julian, Kathleen G / de Leon, Alfredo Ponce / Cardoso, Anabela / de Bono, Stephanie / Atmar, Robert L / Ganesan, Anuradha / Ferreira, Jennifer L / Green, Michelle / Makowski, Mat / Bonnett, Tyler / Beresnev, Tatiana / Ghazaryan, Varduhi / Dempsey, Walla / Nayak, Seema U / Dodd, Lori E / Beigel, John H / Kalil, Andre C

    The Lancet. Respiratory medicine

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 9, Page(s) 888–899

    Abstract: Background: Baricitinib and dexamethasone have randomised trials supporting their use for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. We assessed the combination of baricitinib plus remdesivir versus dexamethasone plus remdesivir in preventing progression ... ...

    Abstract Background: Baricitinib and dexamethasone have randomised trials supporting their use for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. We assessed the combination of baricitinib plus remdesivir versus dexamethasone plus remdesivir in preventing progression to mechanical ventilation or death in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.
    Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial, patients were enrolled at 67 trial sites in the USA (60 sites), South Korea (two sites), Mexico (two sites), Singapore (two sites), and Japan (one site). Hospitalised adults (≥18 years) with COVID-19 who required supplemental oxygen administered by low-flow (≤15 L/min), high-flow (>15 L/min), or non-invasive mechanical ventilation modalities who met the study eligibility criteria (male or non-pregnant female adults ≥18 years old with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection) were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either baricitinib, remdesivir, and placebo, or dexamethasone, remdesivir, and placebo using a permuted block design. Randomisation was stratified by study site and baseline ordinal score at enrolment. All patients received remdesivir (≤10 days) and either baricitinib (or matching oral placebo) for a maximum of 14 days or dexamethasone (or matching intravenous placebo) for a maximum of 10 days. The primary outcome was the difference in mechanical ventilation-free survival by day 29 between the two treatment groups in the modified intention-to-treat population. Safety analyses were done in the as-treated population, comprising all participants who received one dose of the study drug. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04640168.
    Findings: Between Dec 1, 2020, and April 13, 2021, 1047 patients were assessed for eligibility. 1010 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned, 516 (51%) to baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo and 494 (49%) to dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo. The mean age of the patients was 58·3 years (SD 14·0) and 590 (58%) of 1010 patients were male. 588 (58%) of 1010 patients were White, 188 (19%) were Black, 70 (7%) were Asian, and 18 (2%) were American Indian or Alaska Native. 347 (34%) of 1010 patients were Hispanic or Latino. Mechanical ventilation-free survival by day 29 was similar between the study groups (Kaplan-Meier estimates of 87·0% [95% CI 83·7 to 89·6] in the baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo group and 87·6% [84·2 to 90·3] in the dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo group; risk difference 0·6 [95% CI -3·6 to 4·8]; p=0·91). The odds ratio for improved status in the dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo group compared with the baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo group was 1·01 (95% CI 0·80 to 1·27). At least one adverse event occurred in 149 (30%) of 503 patients in the baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo group and 179 (37%) of 482 patients in the dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo group (risk difference 7·5% [1·6 to 13·3]; p=0·014). 21 (4%) of 503 patients in the baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo group had at least one treatment-related adverse event versus 49 (10%) of 482 patients in the dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo group (risk difference 6·0% [2·8 to 9·3]; p=0·00041). Severe or life-threatening grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 143 (28%) of 503 patients in the baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo group and 174 (36%) of 482 patients in the dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo group (risk difference 7·7% [1·8 to 13·4]; p=0·012).
    Interpretation: In hospitalised patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen by low-flow, high-flow, or non-invasive ventilation, baricitinib plus remdesivir and dexamethasone plus remdesivir resulted in similar mechanical ventilation-free survival by day 29, but dexamethasone was associated with significantly more adverse events, treatment-related adverse events, and severe or life-threatening adverse events. A more individually tailored choice of immunomodulation now appears possible, where side-effect profile, ease of administration, cost, and patient comorbidities can all be considered.
    Funding: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Azetidines ; Dexamethasone ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen ; Purines ; Pyrazoles ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sulfonamides ; Treatment Outcome ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Azetidines ; Purines ; Pyrazoles ; Sulfonamides ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL) ; baricitinib (ISP4442I3Y) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2686754-0
    ISSN 2213-2619 ; 2213-2600
    ISSN (online) 2213-2619
    ISSN 2213-2600
    DOI 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00088-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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