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Article ; Online: Antiviral mechanisms of sorafenib against foot-and-mouth disease virus via c-RAF and AKT/PI3K pathways.

Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin / Lueangaramkul, Varanya / Semkum, Ploypailin / Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa

2023 Volume 48, Issue 1, Page(s) 329–343

Abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious pathogen that poses a significant threat to the global livestock industry. However, specific antiviral treatments against FMDV are currently unavailable. This study aimed to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious pathogen that poses a significant threat to the global livestock industry. However, specific antiviral treatments against FMDV are currently unavailable. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of anticancer drugs, including kinase and non-kinase inhibitors against FMDV replication in BHK-21 cells. Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, demonstrated a significant dose-dependent reduction in FMDV replication. It exhibited a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 2.46 µM at the pre-viral entry stage and 2.03 µM at the post-viral entry stage. Further intracellular assays revealed that sorafenib effectively decreased 3D
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus ; Sorafenib/pharmacology ; Sorafenib/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/pharmacology ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Cell Line ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	Sorafenib (9ZOQ3TZI87) ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	406735-6
ISSN	1573-7446 ; 0165-7380
ISSN (online)	1573-7446
ISSN	0165-7380
DOI	10.1007/s11259-023-10211-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Application of the Gibson Assembly Method in the Production of Two pKLS3 Vector-Derived Infectious Clones of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus.

Semkum, Ploypailin / Thangthamniyom, Nattarat / Chankeeree, Penpitcha / Keawborisuth, Challika / Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin / Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa

Vaccines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 6

Abstract: The construction of a full-length infectious clone, essential for molecular virological study and vaccine development, is quite a challenge for viruses with long genomes or possessing complex nucleotide sequence structures. Herein, we have constructed ... ...

Abstract	The construction of a full-length infectious clone, essential for molecular virological study and vaccine development, is quite a challenge for viruses with long genomes or possessing complex nucleotide sequence structures. Herein, we have constructed infectious clones of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) types O and A by joining each viral coding region with our pKLS3 vector in a single isothermal reaction using Gibson Assembly (GA). pKLS3 is a 4.3-kb FMDV minigenome. To achieve optimal conditions for the DNA joining, each FMDV coding sequence was divided into two overlapping fragments of approximately 3.8 and 3.2 kb, respectively. Both DNA fragments contain the introduced linker sequences for assembly with the linearized pKLS3 vector. FMDV infectious clones were produced upon directly transfecting the GA reaction into baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells. After passing in BHK-21 cells, both rescued FMDVs (rO189 and rNP05) demonstrated growth kinetics and antigenicity similar to their parental viruses. Thus far, this is the first report on GA-derived, full-length infectious FMDV cDNA clones. This simple DNA assembly method and the FMDV minigenome would facilitate the construction of FMDV infectious clones and enable genetic manipulation for FMDV research and custom-made FMDV vaccine production.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11061111
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Small Molecules Targeting 3C Protease Inhibit FMDV Replication and Exhibit Virucidal Effect in Cell-Based Assays.

Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin / Lueangaramkul, Varanya / Pantanam, Achiraya / Mana, Natjira / Semkum, Ploypailin / Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 9

Abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals, caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). It is endemic in Asia and Africa but spreads sporadically throughout the world, resulting in significant losses in ... ...

Abstract	Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals, caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). It is endemic in Asia and Africa but spreads sporadically throughout the world, resulting in significant losses in the livestock industry. Effective anti-FMDV therapeutics could be a supportive control strategy. Herein, we utilized computer-aided, structure-based virtual screening to filter lead compounds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) diversity and mechanical libraries using FMDV 3C protease (3C
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Endopeptidases ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; 3C Viral Proteases
Chemical Substances	Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-) ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15091887
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Andrographolide and Deoxyandrographolide Inhibit Protease and IFN-Antagonist Activities of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3Cpro

Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin / Lueangaramkul, Varanya / Thangthamniyom, Nattarat / Chankeeree, Penpitcha / Semkum, Ploypailin / Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa

Animals. 2022 Aug. 07, v. 12, no. 15

2022

Abstract: Foot-and mouth-disease (FMD) caused by the FMD virus (FMDV) is highly contagious and negatively affects livestock worldwide. The control of the disease requires a combination of measures, including vaccination; however, there is no specific treatment ... ...

Abstract	Foot-and mouth-disease (FMD) caused by the FMD virus (FMDV) is highly contagious and negatively affects livestock worldwide. The control of the disease requires a combination of measures, including vaccination; however, there is no specific treatment available. Several studies have shown that plant-derived products with antiviral properties were effective on viral diseases. Herein, antiviral activities of andrographolide (AGL), deoxyandrographolide (DAG), and neoandrographolide (NEO) against FMDV serotype A were investigated using an in vitro cell-based assay. The results showed that AGL and DAG inhibited FMDV in BHK-21 cells. The inhibitory effects of AGL and DAG were evaluated by RT-qPCR and exhibited EC50 values of 52.18 ± 0.01 µM (SI = 2.23) and 36.47 ± 0.07 µM (SI = 9.22), respectively. The intracellular protease assay revealed that AGL and DAG inhibited FMDV 3Cᵖʳᵒ with IC50 of 67.43 ± 0.81 and 25.58 ± 1.41 µM, respectively. Additionally, AGL and DAG significantly interfered with interferon (IFN) antagonist activity of the 3Cᵖʳᵒ by derepressing interferon-stimulating gene (ISGs) expression. The molecular docking confirmed that the andrographolides preferentially interacted with the 3Cᵖʳᵒ active site. However, NEO had no antiviral effect in any of the assays. Conclusively, AGL and DAG inhibited FMDV serotype A by interacting with the 3Cᵖʳᵒ and hindered its protease and IFN antagonist activities.
Keywords	Foot-and-mouth disease virus ; active sites ; andrographolide ; antagonists ; antiviral properties ; genes ; inhibitory concentration 50 ; interferons ; livestock ; median effective concentration ; proteinases ; serotypes ; vaccination
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0807
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12151995
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors Decrease Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication by Blocking the Viral 3D

Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin / Semkum, Ploypailin / Lueangaramkul, Varanya / Chankeeree, Penpitcha / Thangthamniyom, Nattarat / Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa

Viruses

2022 Volume 15, Issue 1

Abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), an economically important pathogen of cloven-hoofed livestock, is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus classified in ... ...

Abstract	Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), an economically important pathogen of cloven-hoofed livestock, is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus classified in the
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/metabolism ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15010124
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Andrographolide and Deoxyandrographolide Inhibit Protease and IFN-Antagonist Activities of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3C

Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin / Lueangaramkul, Varanya / Thangthamniyom, Nattarat / Chankeeree, Penpitcha / Semkum, Ploypailin / Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2022 Volume 12, Issue 15

Abstract	Foot-and mouth-disease (FMD) caused by the FMD virus (FMDV) is highly contagious and negatively affects livestock worldwide. The control of the disease requires a combination of measures, including vaccination; however, there is no specific treatment available. Several studies have shown that plant-derived products with antiviral properties were effective on viral diseases. Herein, antiviral activities of andrographolide (AGL), deoxyandrographolide (DAG), and neoandrographolide (NEO) against FMDV serotype A were investigated using an in vitro cell-based assay. The results showed that AGL and DAG inhibited FMDV in BHK-21 cells. The inhibitory effects of AGL and DAG were evaluated by RT-qPCR and exhibited EC50 values of 52.18 ± 0.01 µM (SI = 2.23) and 36.47 ± 0.07 µM (SI = 9.22), respectively. The intracellular protease assay revealed that AGL and DAG inhibited FMDV 3C
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12151995
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Encapsidated-CpG ODN Enhances Immunogenicity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Virus-like Particles

Hansoongnern, Payuda / Phecharat, Nantawan / Wasanasuk, Ketkaew / Tommeurd, Wantanee / Chankeeree, Penpitcha / Lekcharoensuk, Chalermpol / Semkum, Ploypailin / Pinitkiatisakul, Sunan / Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa

Veterinary Microbiology. 2022 Oct. 15, p.109583-

2022 , Page(s) 109583–

Abstract: A DNA fragment containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) is one of the potent immunopotentiators used to improve vaccine efficacy. It can enhance a protective immunity by stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we designed and ... ...

Abstract	A DNA fragment containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) is one of the potent immunopotentiators used to improve vaccine efficacy. It can enhance a protective immunity by stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we designed and constructed a recombinant plasmid carrying the combined CpG ODN to generate an immunopotentiator for boosting the immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) virus-like particles (VLPs). The capsid protein of PCV2b was expressed in insect cells and purified by affinity chromatography. The purified capsid protein was incubated with the CpG ODN in the reaction that allowed VLPs formation and encapsidation of the CpG ODN to occur simultaneously. Morphology of the reassembled VLPs was similar to the PCV2 virions as observed using an electron microscope. When the CpG ODN-encapcidated VLPs was treated with DNase I, the VLPs could protect the packaged CpG ODN from the enzyme digestion. Moreover, we immunized mice subcutaneously with VLPs, CpG ODN-loaded VLPs, or phosphate buffer saline for three times at two-week intervals. The results showed that the CpG ODN-loaded VLPs could elicit significantly higher levels of PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression in the immunized mice compared to those conferred by the VLPs alone. Conclusively, we have proved that the CpG ODN incorporated in VLPs can serve as a potent immunopotentiator for PCV2 vaccine development.
Keywords	DNA fragmentation ; Porcine circovirus-2 ; affinity chromatography ; coat proteins ; deoxyribonucleases ; enzymatic reactions ; immunogenicity ; immunostimulants ; insects ; interferon-gamma ; microbiology ; oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; phosphates ; plasmids ; vaccine development ; vaccines ; CpG ODN ; PCV2 ; virus-like particles ; subunit vaccine ; immunization
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1015
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version ; Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	753154-0
ISSN	1873-2542 ; 0378-1135
ISSN (online)	1873-2542
ISSN	0378-1135
DOI	10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109583
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Zs.A 2917: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Encapsidated-CpG ODN enhances immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 virus-like particles.

Veterinary microbiology

2022 Volume 275, Page(s) 109583

Abstract	A DNA fragment containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) is one of the potent immunopotentiators used to improve vaccine efficacy. It can enhance a protective immunity by stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we designed and constructed a recombinant plasmid carrying the combined CpG ODN to generate an immunopotentiator for boosting the immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) virus-like particles (VLPs). The capsid protein of PCV2b was expressed in insect cells and purified by affinity chromatography. The purified capsid protein was incubated with the CpG ODN in the reaction that allowed VLPs formation and encapsidation of the CpG ODN to occur simultaneously. Morphology of the reassembled VLPs was similar to the PCV2 virions as observed using an electron microscope. When the CpG ODN-encapcidated VLPs was treated with DNase I, the VLPs could protect the packaged CpG ODN from the enzyme digestion. Moreover, we immunized mice subcutaneously with VLPs, CpG ODN-loaded VLPs, or phosphate buffer saline for three times at two-week intervals. The results showed that the CpG ODN-loaded VLPs could elicit significantly higher levels of PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression in the immunized mice compared to those conferred by the VLPs alone. Conclusively, we have proved that the CpG ODN incorporated in VLPs can serve as a potent immunopotentiator for PCV2 vaccine development.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antibodies, Viral ; Capsid Proteins ; Circoviridae Infections/prevention & control ; Circoviridae Infections/veterinary ; Circovirus ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/prevention & control ; Swine Diseases/virology ; Viral Vaccines ; CpG Islands
Chemical Substances	Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antibodies, Viral ; Capsid Proteins ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	753154-0
ISSN	1873-2542 ; 0378-1135
ISSN (online)	1873-2542
ISSN	0378-1135
DOI	10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109583
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 2917: Show issues

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Article: Natural Phytochemicals, Luteolin and Isoginkgetin, Inhibit 3C Protease and Infection of FMDV, In Silico and In Vitro

Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin / Thangthamniyom, Nattarat / Kuo, Chih-Jung / Semkum, Ploypailin / Phecharat, Nantawan / Chankeeree, Penpitcha / Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa

Viruses. 2021 Oct. 21, v. 13, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals resulting in economic losses worldwide. The 3C protease (3Cᵖʳᵒ) is the main protease essential in the picornavirus life cycle, which is ...

Abstract	Foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals resulting in economic losses worldwide. The 3C protease (3Cᵖʳᵒ) is the main protease essential in the picornavirus life cycle, which is an attractive antiviral target. Here, we used computer-aided virtual screening to filter potential anti-FMDV agents from the natural phytochemical compound libraries. The top 23 filtered compounds were examined for anti-FMDV activities by a cell-based assay, two of which possessed antiviral effects. In the viral and post-viral entry experiments, luteolin and isoginkgetin could significantly block FMDV growth with low 50% effective concentrations (EC50). Moreover, these flavonoids could reduce the viral load as determined by RT-qPCR. However, their prophylactic activities were less effective. Both the cell-based and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based protease assays confirmed that isoginkgetin was a potent FMDV 3Cᵖʳᵒ inhibitor with a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 39.03 ± 0.05 and 65.3 ± 1.7 μM, respectively, whereas luteolin was less effective. Analyses of the protein–ligand interactions revealed that both compounds fit in the substrate-binding pocket and reacted to the key enzymatic residues of the 3Cᵖʳᵒ. Our findings suggested that luteolin and isoginkgetin are promising antiviral agents for FMDV and other picornaviruses.
Keywords	computer simulation ; energy transfer ; fluorescence ; foot-and-mouth disease ; inhibitory concentration 50 ; luteolin ; median effective concentration ; proteinases ; viral load ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1021
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13112118
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A Novel Plasmid DNA-Based Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Minigenome for Intracytoplasmic mRNA Production

Semkum, Ploypailin / Kaewborisuth, Challika / Thangthamniyom, Nattarat / Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin / Lekcharoensuk, Chalermpol / Hansoongnern, Payuda / Ramasoota, Pongrama / Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa

Viruses. 2021 June 01, v. 13, no. 6

2021

Abstract: Picornaviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause highly contagious diseases, such as polio and hand, foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in human, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in animals. Reverse genetics and minigenome of ... ...

Abstract	Picornaviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause highly contagious diseases, such as polio and hand, foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in human, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in animals. Reverse genetics and minigenome of picornaviruses mainly depend on in vitro transcription and RNA transfection; however, this approach is inefficient due to the rapid degradation of RNA template. Although DNA-based reverse genetics systems driven by mammalian RNA polymerase I and/or II promoters display the advantage of rescuing the engineered FMDV, the enzymatic functions are restricted in the nuclear compartment. To overcome these limitations, we successfully established a novel DNA-based vector, namely pKLS3, an FMDV minigenome containing the minimum cis-acting elements of FMDV essential for intracytoplasmic transcription and translation of a foreign gene. A combination of pKLS3 minigenome and the helper plasmids yielded the efficient production of uncapped-green florescent protein (GFP) mRNA visualized in the transfected cells. We have demonstrated the application of the pKLS3 for cell-based antiviral drug screening. Not only is the DNA-based FMDV minigenome system useful for the FMDV research and development but it could be implemented for generating other picornavirus minigenomes. Additionally, the prospective applications of this viral minigenome system as a vector for DNA and mRNA vaccines are also discussed.
Keywords	DNA-directed RNA polymerase ; Foot-and-mouth disease virus ; antiviral agents ; foot-and-mouth disease ; genes ; humans ; plasmids ; research and development ; reverse genetics ; transfection
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0601
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13061047
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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