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  1. Article ; Online: Occupational inequalities in the prevalence of COVID-19: A longitudinal observational study of England, August 2020 to January 2021.

    Green, Mark A / Semple, Malcolm G

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0283119

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced, amplified and created new health inequalities. Examining how COVID-19 prevalence varies by measures of work and occupation may help to understand these inequalities. The aim of the study is to evaluate how ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced, amplified and created new health inequalities. Examining how COVID-19 prevalence varies by measures of work and occupation may help to understand these inequalities. The aim of the study is to evaluate how occupational inequalities in the prevalence of COVID-19 varies across England and their possible explanatory factors. We used data for 363,651 individuals (2,178,835 observations) aged 18 years and over between 1st May 2020 and 31st January 2021 from the Office for National Statistics Covid Infection Survey, a representative longitudinal survey of individuals in England. We focus on two measures of work; employment status for all adults, and work sector of individuals currently working. Multi-level binomial regression models were used to estimate the likelihood of testing positive of COVID-19, adjusting for known explanatory covariates. 0.9% of participants tested positive for COVID-19 over the study period. COVID-19 prevalence was higher among adults who were students or furloughed (i.e., temporarily not working). Among adults currently working, COVID-19 prevalence was highest in adults employed in the hospitality sector, with higher prevalence for individuals employed in transport, social care, retail, health care and educational sectors. Inequalities by work were not consistent over time. We find an unequal distribution of infections relating to COVID-19 by work and employment status. While our findings demonstrate the need for greater workplace interventions to protect employees tailored to their specific work sector needs, focusing on employment alone ignores the importance of SARS-CoV-2 transmission outside of employed work (i.e., furloughed and student populations).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Adolescent ; COVID-19 ; Prevalence ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Employment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0283119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Stakeholders' perspectives on clinical trial acceptability and approach to consent within a limited timeframe: a mixed methods study.

    Deja, Elizabeth / Donohue, Chloe / Semple, Malcolm G / Woolfall, Kerry

    BMJ open

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e077023

    Abstract: Objectives: The Bronchiolitis Endotracheal Surfactant Study (BESS) is a randomised controlled trial to determine the efficacy of endo-tracheal surfactant therapy for critically ill infants with bronchiolitis. To explore acceptability of BESS, including ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The Bronchiolitis Endotracheal Surfactant Study (BESS) is a randomised controlled trial to determine the efficacy of endo-tracheal surfactant therapy for critically ill infants with bronchiolitis. To explore acceptability of BESS, including approach to consent within a limited time frame, we explored parent and staff experiences of trial involvement in the first two bronchiolitis seasons to inform subsequent trial conduct.
    Design: A mixed-method embedded study involving a site staff survey, questionnaires and interviews with parents approached about BESS.
    Setting: Fourteen UK paediatric intensive care units.
    Participants: Of the 179 parents of children approached to take part in BESS, 75 parents (of 69 children) took part in the embedded study. Of these, 55/69 (78%) completed a questionnaire, and 15/69 (21%) were interviewed. Thirty-eight staff completed a questionnaire.
    Results: Parents and staff found the trial acceptable. All constructs of the Adapted Theoretical Framework of Acceptability were met. Parents viewed surfactant as being low risk and hoped their child's participation would help others in the future. Although parents supported research without prior consent in studies of time critical interventions, they believed there was sufficient time to consider this trial. Parents recommended that prospective informed consent should continue to be sought for BESS. Many felt that the time between the consent process and intervention being administered took too long and should be 'streamlined' to avoid delays in administration of trial interventions. Staff described how the training and trial processes worked well, yet patients were missed due to lack of staff to deliver the intervention, particularly at weekends.
    Conclusion: Parents and staff supported BESS trial and highlighted aspects of the protocol, which should be refined, including a streamlined informed consent process. Findings will be useful to inform proportionate approaches to consent in future paediatric trials where there is a short timeframe for consent discussions.
    Trial registration number: ISRCTN11746266.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Humans ; Child ; Informed Consent ; Research Design ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Surface-Active Agents ; Bronchiolitis ; Feasibility Studies
    Chemical Substances Surface-Active Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077023
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  3. Article ; Online: The early use of Antibiotics for At-risk children with InfluEnza in Primary Care (the ARCHIE programme)

    Wang Kay / Tonner Sharon / Semple Malcolm G / Wolstenholme Jane / Perera Rafael / Harnden Anthony

    Programme Grants for Applied Research, Vol 11, Iss

    2023  Volume 01

    Abstract: Background Influenza and influenza-like illness place significant burden on the NHS. Children with underlying health conditions are vulnerable to developing bacterial complications. Objective To strengthen the evidence base underlying antibiotic use in ... ...

    Abstract Background Influenza and influenza-like illness place significant burden on the NHS. Children with underlying health conditions are vulnerable to developing bacterial complications. Objective To strengthen the evidence base underlying antibiotic use in at-risk children with influenza-like illness. Design This programme comprised five separate work packages. Work package A investigated published and unpublished data from previously published literature and work package B explored attitudes of parents and general practitioners to influenza-like illness and antibiotics in at-risk children. This was followed by a clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of early co-amoxiclav (Augmentin®, GlaxoSmithKline UK) use at reducing reconsultation due to clinical deterioration (work package C), a nested sub-study to examine bacterial carriage indicators of antibiotic resistance (work package D) and a within-trial economic evaluation and clinical risk prediction analysis (work package E). Setting Interviews were conducted by telephone with general practitioners across the UK and parents/guardians in England (work package B). We conducted the clinical trial (work package C and nested work packages D and E) in general practices and ambulatory care services in England and Wales. Participants General practitioners and parents/guardians of at-risk children who previously had influenza-like illness participated in work package B. At-risk children with influenza-like illness aged 6 months to 12 years participated in work packages C and E and optionally in work package D. Interventions The intervention for the clinical trial was a 5-day course of co-amoxiclav 400/57 with dosing regimens based on British National Formulary guidance. Main outcome measures Hospital admission (work package A); findings from semi-structured interviews with patients and health-care professionals (work package B); proportion of patients who reconsulted owing to clinical deterioration (work package C); respiratory bacterial carriage and antibiotic ...
    Keywords antibiotic use ; antimicrobial resistance ; children ; economicanalysis ; paediatric research ; patient experience ; influenza ; influenza-like illness ; risk factors ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher NIHR Journals Library
    Document type Article ; Online
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  4. Article ; Online: Appropriate selection of convalescent plasma donors for COVID-19.

    Tedder, Richard S / Semple, Malcolm G

    The Lancet. Infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 168–169

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/therapy ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Plasma ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Serotherapy
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2061641-7
    ISSN 1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
    ISSN (online) 1474-4457
    ISSN 1473-3099
    DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30470-9
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    Zs.A 5743: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Maternal Vaccination in Infants below 6 Months of Age: Meta-Analysis of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy.

    Mapindra, Muhammad Pradhika / Mahindra, Muhammad Pradhiki / McNamara, Paul / Semple, Malcolm G / Clark, Howard / Madsen, Jens

    Neonatology

    2024  , Page(s) 1–12

    Abstract: Introduction: Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is most prevalent during infancy, particularly in those born prematurely, who benefit least from maternal antibody transfers. Maternal immunization is an attractive prevention leading to ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is most prevalent during infancy, particularly in those born prematurely, who benefit least from maternal antibody transfers. Maternal immunization is an attractive prevention leading to vaccine clinical trials. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate recent maternal RSV vaccine trials.
    Methods: Following PRISMA-P guidelines for systematic reviews and registered at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero</ext-link>, this study shortlisted six randomized clinical trials of suitable quality from four databases. Meta-analysis evaluated vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in infants and their mothers.
    Results: From random-effects and fixed-effects meta-analysis between trial and control arms, the maternal post-vaccination geometric antibody (Ab) titers showed pooled standard mean differences (SMDs [95% CI]) at delivery of (4.14 [2.91-5.37]), (3.95 [2.79-5.11]), and (12.20 [7.76, 16.64]) for RSV neutralizing Ab A, B, and F IgG, respectively. Vaccine administration was more likely than placebo to cause local pain, erythema, swelling, and systemic myalgia. Furthermore, the Ab levels in infants at birth showed pooled SMDs of each RSV A (3.9 [2.81-4.99]), RSV B (1.86 [1.09-2.62]), and RSV F IgG (2.24 [1.24-3.23]). The overall reduction of RSV-related lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in the first 6 months of life was 52% and 48%, respectively.
    Conclusions: Not only does antenatal RSV vaccination look safe and immunogenic in vaccinated mothers, but it also reliably provides effective antibody levels in infants and diminishes RSV-related severe disease in infants under 6 months of age.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2266911-5
    ISSN 1661-7819 ; 1661-7800
    ISSN (online) 1661-7819
    ISSN 1661-7800
    DOI 10.1159/000536031
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  6. Article ; Online: Comment on: Dark without pressure retinal changes in a paediatric age group.

    Steptoe, Paul J / Beare, Nicholas A V / Semple, Malcolm G

    Eye (London, England)

    2020  Volume 35, Issue 11, Page(s) 3163–3164

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Retina/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 91001-6
    ISSN 1476-5454 ; 0950-222X
    ISSN (online) 1476-5454
    ISSN 0950-222X
    DOI 10.1038/s41433-020-01252-9
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  8. Article ; Online: Appropriate selection of convalescent plasma donors for COVID-19

    Tedder, Richard S / Semple, Malcolm G

    The Lancet Infectious Diseases ; ISSN 1473-3099

    2020  

    Keywords Infectious Diseases ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30470-9
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: development of a regional life-course collaborative clinical care pathway.

    Anderson, Emily / Green, Richard / Swift, Andrew / Semple, Malcolm G

    British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)

    2021  Volume 82, Issue 11, Page(s) 1–9

    Abstract: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare, genetic disorder that can present at any age. It is characterised by epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasia and visceral arteriovenous malformations, which can affect multiple organs. Early diagnosis and ...

    Abstract Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare, genetic disorder that can present at any age. It is characterised by epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasia and visceral arteriovenous malformations, which can affect multiple organs. Early diagnosis and management reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. There is a well-established hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia clinic in London, and excellent links across Europe via the European Reference Network. However, local coordinated care for patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia across the UK can be variable and often absent for children and young people. Some patients travel long distances to receive care in London, while others are referred to local clinicians or lost to follow up entirely. This article presents the experience to date from two regional UK centres (Liverpool and Dundee) where care for patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is being coordinated and streamlined. While there is still a lot to learn, this article highlights some of the successes and challenges identified so far, with suggestions for how these could be addressed. Collaborative regional networks such as these can facilitate the sharing of best practice and ensure that all patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia are able to access safe, high-quality care.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Child ; Epistaxis ; Humans ; London ; Rare Diseases ; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/diagnosis ; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1750-8460
    ISSN 1750-8460
    DOI 10.12968/hmed.2020.0537
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  10. Article ; Online: Association of SARS-CoV-2 viral load distributions with individual demographics and suspected variant type: results from the Liverpool community testing pilot, England, 6 November 2020 to 8 September 2021.

    Hughes, David M / Cheyne, Christopher P / Ashton, Matthew / Coffey, Emer / Crozier, Alex / Semple, Malcolm G / Buchan, Iain / García-Fiñana, Marta

    Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 4

    Abstract: BackgroundThe PCR quantification cycle ( ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundThe PCR quantification cycle (C
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Viral Load ; England/epidemiology ; Demography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-26
    Publishing country Sweden
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1338803-4
    ISSN 1560-7917 ; 1025-496X
    ISSN (online) 1560-7917
    ISSN 1025-496X
    DOI 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.4.2200129
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