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  1. Article ; Online: Performance of 3D diamond detectors in small field dosimetry: The impact of pixel size.

    Kanxheri, Keida / Talamonti, Cinzia / Sciortino, Silvio / Lagomarsino, Stefano / Ionica, Maria / Caprai, Mirco / Moscatelli, Francesco / Servoli, Leonello

    Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)

    2022  Volume 102, Page(s) 73–78

    Abstract: Purpose: Small photon beams used in radiotherapy techniques have inherent characteristics of charge particle disequilibrium and high-dose gradient making accurate dosimetry for such fields very challenging. By means of a 3D manufacturing technique, it ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Small photon beams used in radiotherapy techniques have inherent characteristics of charge particle disequilibrium and high-dose gradient making accurate dosimetry for such fields very challenging. By means of a 3D manufacturing technique, it is possible to create arrays of pixels with a very small sensitive volume for radiotherapy dosimetry. We investigate the impact of 3D pixels size on absorbed dose sensitivity, linearity of response with dose rate, reproducibility and beam profile measurements.
    Methods: Diamond detectors with different pixel sizes have been produced in the 3DOSE experiment framework. To investigate the pixels size impact, they were tested using an Elekta Synergy LINAC. Dose rate dependence, absorbed dose sensitivity, reproducibility and beam profile measurement accuracy have been investigated and compared with PTW 60019 and IBA SFD reference dosimeters.
    Results: All of the 3D pixels had a linear and reproducible response to the dose rate. The sensitivity of a pixel decreases with its size, although even the smallest pixel has a high absorbed dose sensitivity (15 nC/Gy). The penumbra width measured with the smallest pixel size was consistent with the PTW microDiamond and differed by 0.2 mm from the IBA SFD diode.
    Conclusions: The study demonstrates that variation in pixel size do not affect the linearity of response with dose rate and the reproducibility of response. Due to the 3D geometry, the absorbed dose sensitivity of the detector remains high even for the smallest pixel, furthermore the pixel size was demonstrated to be of fundamental importance in the measurement of beam profiles.
    MeSH term(s) Diamond ; Particle Accelerators ; Photons/therapeutic use ; Radiation Dosimeters ; Radiometry/methods ; Reproducibility of Results
    Chemical Substances Diamond (7782-40-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-18
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1122650-x
    ISSN 1724-191X ; 1120-1797
    ISSN (online) 1724-191X
    ISSN 1120-1797
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.09.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A Study of the Radiation Tolerance and Timing Properties of 3D Diamond Detectors.

    Anderlini, Lucio / Bellini, Marco / Cindro, Vladimir / Corsi, Chiara / Kanxheri, Keida / Lagomarsino, Stefano / Lucarelli, Chiara / Morozzi, Arianna / Passaleva, Giovanni / Passeri, Daniele / Sciortino, Silvio / Servoli, Leonello / Veltri, Michele

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 22

    Abstract: We present a study on the radiation tolerance and timing properties of 3D diamond detectors fabricated by laser engineering on synthetic Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) plates. We evaluated the radiation hardness of the sensors using Charge Collection ... ...

    Abstract We present a study on the radiation tolerance and timing properties of 3D diamond detectors fabricated by laser engineering on synthetic Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) plates. We evaluated the radiation hardness of the sensors using Charge Collection Efficiency (CCE) measurements after neutron fluences up to 1016 n/cm2 (1 MeV equivalent.) The radiation tolerance is significantly higher when moving from standard planar architecture to 3D architecture and increases with the increasing density of the columnar electrodes. Also, the maximum applicable bias voltage before electric breakdown increases significantly after high fluence irradiation, possibly due to the passivation of defects. The experimental analysis allowed us to predict the performance of the devices at higher fluence levels, well in the range of 1016 n/cm2. We summarize the recent results on the time resolution measurements of our test sensors after optimization of the laser fabrication process and outline future activity in developing pixel tracking systems for high luminosity particle physics experiments.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s22228722
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  3. Article ; Online: Characterization of a flexible a-Si:H detector for in vivo dosimetry in therapeutic x-ray beams.

    Large, Matthew James / Bashiri, Aishah / Dookie, Yashiv / McNamara, Joanne / Antognini, Luca / Aziz, Saba / Calcagnile, Lucio / Caricato, Anna Paola / Catalano, Roberto / Chila, Deborah / Cirrone, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo / Croci, Tomasso / Cuttone, Giacomo / Dunand, Sylvain / Fabi, Michele / Frontini, Luca / Grimani, Catia / Ionica, Maria / Kanxheri, Keida /
    Liberali, Valentino / Maurizio, Martino / Maruccio, Giuseppe / Mazza, Giovanni / Menichelli, Mauro / Monteduro, Anna Grazia / Morozzi, Arianna / Moscatelli, Francesco / Pallotta, Stefania / Passeri, Daniele / Pedio, Maddalena / Petringa, Giada / Peverini, Francesca / Piccolo, Lorenzo / Placidi, Pisana / Quarta, Gianluca / Rizzato, Silvia / Sabbatini, Federico / Servoli, Leonello / Stabile, Alberto / Talamonti, Cinzia / Thomet, Jonathan Emanuel / Tosti, Luca / Villani, Mattia / Wheadon, Richard James / Wyrsch, Nicolas / Zema, Nicola / Petasecca, Marco

    Medical physics

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: The increasing use of complex and high dose-rate treatments in radiation therapy necessitates advanced detectors to provide accurate dosimetry. Rather than relying on pre-treatment quality assurance (QA) measurements alone, many countries ... ...

    Abstract Background: The increasing use of complex and high dose-rate treatments in radiation therapy necessitates advanced detectors to provide accurate dosimetry. Rather than relying on pre-treatment quality assurance (QA) measurements alone, many countries are now mandating the use of in vivo dosimetry, whereby a dosimeter is placed on the surface of the patient during treatment. Ideally, in vivo detectors should be flexible to conform to a patient's irregular surfaces.
    Purpose: This study aims to characterize a novel hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) radiation detector for the dosimetry of therapeutic x-ray beams. The detectors are flexible as they are fabricated directly on a flexible polyimide (Kapton) substrate.
    Methods: The potential of this technology for application as a real-time flexible detector is investigated through a combined dosimetric and flexibility study. Measurements of fundamental dosimetric quantities were obtained including output factor (OF), dose rate dependence (DPP), energy dependence, percentage depth dose (PDD), and angular dependence. The response of the a-Si:H detectors investigated in this study are benchmarked directly against commercially available ionization chambers and solid-state diodes currently employed for QA practices.
    Results: The a-Si:H detectors exhibit remarkable dose linearities in the direct detection of kV and MV therapeutic x-rays, with calibrated sensitivities ranging from (0.580 ± 0.002) pC/cGy to (19.36 ± 0.10) pC/cGy as a function of detector thickness, area, and applied bias. Regarding dosimetry, the a-Si:H detectors accurately obtained OF measurements that parallel commercially available detector solutions. The PDD response closely matched the expected profile as predicted via Geant4 simulations, a PTW Farmer ionization chamber and a PTW ROOS chamber. The most significant variation in the PDD performance was 5.67%, observed at a depth of 3 mm for detectors operated unbiased. With an external bias, the discrepancy in PDD response from reference data was confined to ± 2.92% for all depths (surface to 250 mm) in water-equivalent plastic. Very little angular dependence is displayed between irradiations at angles of 0° and 180°, with the most significant variation being a 7.71% decrease in collected charge at a 110° relative angle of incidence. Energy dependence and dose per pulse dependence are also reported, with results in agreement with the literature. Most notably, the flexibility of a-Si:H detectors was quantified for sample bending up to a radius of curvature of 7.98 mm, where the recorded photosensitivity degraded by (-4.9 ± 0.6)% of the initial device response when flat. It is essential to mention that this small bending radius is unlikely during in vivo patient dosimetry. In a more realistic scenario, with a bending radius of 15-20 mm, the variation in detector response remained within ± 4%. After substantial bending, the detector's photosensitivity when returned to a flat condition was (99.1 ± 0.5)% of the original response.
    Conclusions: This work successfully characterizes a flexible detector based on thin-film a-Si:H deposited on a Kapton substrate for applications in therapeutic x-ray dosimetry. The detectors exhibit dosimetric performances that parallel commercially available dosimeters, while also demonstrating excellent flexibility results.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188780-4
    ISSN 2473-4209 ; 0094-2405
    ISSN (online) 2473-4209
    ISSN 0094-2405
    DOI 10.1002/mp.17013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon high flux x-ray detectors for synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy.

    Large, Matthew J / Bizzarri, Marco / Calcagnile, Lucio / Caprai, Mirco / Caricato, Anna Paola / Catalano, Roberto / Cirrone, Giuseppe A P / Croci, Tommaso / Cuttone, Giacomo / Dunand, Sylvain / Fabi, Michele / Frontini, Luca / Gianfelici, Benedetta / Grimani, Catia / Ionica, Maria / Kanxheri, Keida / Lerch, Michael L F / Liberali, Valentino / Martino, Maurizio /
    Maruccio, Giuseppe / Mazza, Giovanni / Menichelli, Mauro / Monteduro, Anna Grazia / Moscatelli, Francesco / Morozzi, Arianna / Pallotta, Stefania / Papi, Andrea / Passeri, Daniele / Pedio, Maddalena / Petringa, Giada / Peverini, Francesca / Piccolo, Lorenzo / Placidi, Pisana / Quarta, Gianluca / Rizzato, Silvia / Rossi, Alessandro / Rossi, Giulia / de Rover, Vincent / Sabbatini, Federico / Servoli, Leonello / Stabile, Alberto / Talamonti, Cinzia / Tosti, Luca / Villani, Mattia / Wheadon, Richard J / Wyrsch, Nicolas / Zema, Nicola / Petasecca, Marco

    Physics in medicine and biology

    2023  Volume 68, Issue 13

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Objective
    MeSH term(s) X-Rays ; Synchrotrons ; Silicon ; Australia ; Radiometry/methods
    Chemical Substances Silicon (Z4152N8IUI)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208857-5
    ISSN 1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
    ISSN (online) 1361-6560
    ISSN 0031-9155
    DOI 10.1088/1361-6560/acdb43
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: High-Resolution Photoemission Study of Neutron-Induced Defects in Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon Devices.

    Peverini, Francesca / Bizzarri, Marco / Boscardin, Maurizio / Calcagnile, Lucio / Caprai, Mirco / Caricato, Anna Paola / Cirrone, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo / Crivellari, Michele / Cuttone, Giacomo / Dunand, Sylvain / Fanò, Livio / Gianfelici, Benedetta / Hammad, Omar / Ionica, Maria / Kanxheri, Keida / Large, Matthew / Maruccio, Giuseppe / Menichelli, Mauro / Monteduro, Anna Grazia /
    Moscatelli, Francesco / Morozzi, Arianna / Pallotta, Stefania / Papi, Andrea / Passeri, Daniele / Petasecca, Marco / Petringa, Giada / Pis, Igor / Quarta, Gianluca / Rizzato, Silvia / Rossi, Alessandro / Rossi, Giulia / Scorzoni, Andrea / Soncini, Cristian / Servoli, Leonello / Tacchi, Silvia / Talamonti, Cinzia / Verzellesi, Giovanni / Wyrsch, Nicolas / Zema, Nicola / Pedio, Maddalena

    Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 19

    Abstract: In this paper, by means of high-resolution photoemission, soft X-ray absorption and atomic force microscopy, we investigate, for the first time, the mechanisms of damaging, induced by neutron source, and recovering (after annealing) of p-i-n detector ... ...

    Abstract In this paper, by means of high-resolution photoemission, soft X-ray absorption and atomic force microscopy, we investigate, for the first time, the mechanisms of damaging, induced by neutron source, and recovering (after annealing) of p-i-n detector devices based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). This investigation will be performed by mean of high-resolution photoemission, soft X-Ray absorption and atomic force microscopy. Due to dangling bonds, the amorphous silicon is a highly defective material. However, by hydrogenation it is possible to reduce the density of the defect by several orders of magnitude, using hydrogenation and this will allow its usage in radiation detector devices. The investigation of the damage induced by exposure to high energy irradiation and its microscopic origin is fundamental since the amount of defects determine the electronic properties of the a-Si:H. The comparison of the spectroscopic results on bare and irradiated samples shows an increased degree of disorder and a strong reduction of the Si-H bonds after irradiation. After annealing we observe a partial recovering of the Si-H bonds, reducing the disorder in the Si (possibly due to the lowering of the radiation-induced dangling bonds). Moreover, effects in the uppermost coating are also observed by spectroscopies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662255-5
    ISSN 2079-4991
    ISSN 2079-4991
    DOI 10.3390/nano12193466
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  6. Article ; Online: A Study of the Radiation Tolerance of CVD Diamond to 70 MeV Protons, Fast Neutrons and 200 MeV Pions.

    Bäni, Lukas / Alexopoulos, Andreas / Artuso, Marina / Bachmair, Felix / Bartosik, Marcin Ryszard / Beck, Helge Christoph / Bellini, Vincenzo / Belyaev, Vladimir / Bentele, Benjamin / Bes, Alexandre / Brom, Jean-Marie / Chiodini, Gabriele / Chren, Dominik / Cindro, Vladimir / Claus, Gilles / Collot, Johann / Cumalat, John / Curtoni, Sébastien / Dabrowski, Anne Evelyn /
    D'Alessandro, Raffaello / Dauvergne, Denis / De Boer, Wim / Dorfer, Christian / Dünser, Marc / Eigen, Gerald / Eremin, Vladimir / Forneris, Jacopo / Gallin-Martel, Laurent / Gallin-Martel, Marie-Laure / Gan, Kock Kiam / Gastal, Martin / Ghimouz, Abderrahman / Goffe, Mathieu / Goldstein, Joel / Golubev, Alexander / Gorišek, Andrej / Grigoriev, Eugene / Grosse-Knetter, Jörn / Grummer, Aidan / Hiti, Bojan / Hits, Dmitry / Hoeferkamp, Martin / Hosselet, Jérôme / Hügging, Fabian / Hutson, Chris / Janssen, Jens / Kagan, Harris / Kanxheri, Keida / Kass, Richard / Kis, Mladen / Kramberger, Gregor / Kuleshov, Sergey / Lacoste, Ana / Lagomarsino, Stefano / Giudice, Alessandro Lo / Paz, Ivan López / Lukosi, Eric / Maazouzi, Chaker / Mandić, Igor / Marcatili, Sara / Marino, Alysia / Mathieu, Cédric / Menichelli, Mauro / Mikuž, Marko / Morozzi, Arianna / Moscatelli, Francesco / Moss, Joshua / Mountain, Raymond / Oh, Alexander / Olivero, Paolo / Passeri, Daniele / Pernegger, Heinz / Perrino, Roberto / Picollo, Federico / Pomorski, Michal / Potenza, Renato / Quadt, Arnulf / Rarbi, Fatah / Re, Alessandro / Reichmann, Michael / Roe, Shaun / Rossetto, Olivier / Becerra, Diego Alejandro Sanz / Schmidt, Christian J / Schnetzer, Stephen / Sciortino, Silvio / Scorzoni, Andrea / Seidel, Sally / Servoli, Leonello / Smith, Dale Shane / Sopko, Bruno / Sopko, Vit / Spagnolo, Stefania / Spanier, Stefan / Stenson, Kevin / Stone, Robert / Stugu, Bjarne / Sutera, Concetta / Traeger, Michael / Trischuk, William / Truccato, Marco / Tuvè, Cristina / Velthuis, Jaap / Wagner, Stephen / Wallny, Rainer / Wang, Jianchun / Wermes, Norbert / Wickramasinghe, Jayashani / Yamouni, Mahfoud / Zalieckas, Justas / Zavrtanik, Marko / Hara, Kazuhiko / Ikegami, Yoichi / Jinnouchi, Osamu / Kohriki, Takashi / Mitsui, Shingo / Nagai, Ryo / Terada, Susumu / Unno, Yoshinobu

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 22

    Abstract: We measured the radiation tolerance of commercially available diamonds grown by the Chemical Vapor Deposition process by measuring the charge created by a 120 GeV hadron beam in a 50 μm pitch strip detector fabricated on each diamond sample before and ... ...

    Abstract We measured the radiation tolerance of commercially available diamonds grown by the Chemical Vapor Deposition process by measuring the charge created by a 120 GeV hadron beam in a 50 μm pitch strip detector fabricated on each diamond sample before and after irradiation. We irradiated one group of samples with 70 MeV protons, a second group of samples with fast reactor neutrons (defined as energy greater than 0.1 MeV), and a third group of samples with 200 MeV pions, in steps, to (8.8±0.9) × 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s20226648
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  7. Book ; Online: The FragmentatiOn Of Target Experiment (FOOT) and its DAQ system

    Biondi, Silvia / Alexandrov, Andrey / Alpat, Behcet / Ambrosi, Giovanni / Argirò, Stefano / Diaz, Rau Arteche / Bartosik, Nazarm / Battistoni, Giuseppe / Belcari, Nicola / Bellinzona, Elettra / Bisogni, Maria Giuseppina / Bruni, Graziano / Carra, Pietro / Cerello, Piergiorgio / Ciarrocchi, Esther / Clozza, Alberto / Colombi, Sofia / De Lellis, Giovanni / Del Guerra, Alberto /
    De Simoni, Micol / Di Crescenzo, Antonia / Di Ruzza, Benedetto / Donetti, Marco / Dong, Yunsheng / Durante, Marco / Ferrero, Veronica / Fiandrini, Emanuele / Finck, Christian / Fiorina, Elisa / Fischetti, Marta / Francesconi, Marco / Franchini, Matteo / Franciosini, Gaia / Galati, Giuliana / Galli, Luca / Gentile, Valerio / Giraudo, Giuseppe / Hetzel, Ronja / Iarocci, Enzo / Ionica, Maria / Kanxheri, Keida / Kraan, Aafke Christine / La Tessa, Chiara / Laurenza, Martina / Lauria, Adele / Torres, Ernesto Lopez / Marafini, Michela / Massimi, Cristian / Mattei, Ilaria / Mengarelli, Alberto / Moggi, Andrea / Montesi, Maria Cristina / Morone, Maria Cristina / Morrocchi, Matteo / Muraro, Silvia / Narici, Livio / Pastore, Alessandra / Pastrone, Nadia / Patera, Vincenzo / Pennazio, Francesco / Placidi, Pisana / Pullia, Marco / Raffaelli, Fabrizio / Ramello, Luciano / Ridolfi, Riccardo / Rosso, Valeria / Sanelli, Claudio / Sarti, Alessio / Sartorelli, Gabriella / Sato, Osamu / Savazzi, Simone / Scavarda, Lorenzo / Schiavi, Angelo / Schuy, Christoph / Scifoni, Emanuele / Sciubba, Adalberto / Sécher, Alexandre / Selvi, Marco / Servoli, Leonello / Silvestre, Gianluigi / Sitta, Mario / Spiriti, Eleuterio / Sportelli, Giancarlo / Stahl, Achim / Tomassini, Sandro / Tommasino, Francesco / Toppi, Marco / Traini, Giacomo / Valeri, Tioukov / Valle, Serena Marta / Vanstalle, Marie / Weber, Ulrich / Zoccoli, Antonio / Spighi, Roberto / Villa, Mauro

    2020  

    Abstract: The FragmentatiOn Of Target (FOOT) experiment aims to provide precise nuclear cross-section measurements for two different fields: hadrontherapy and radio-protection in space. The main reason is the important role the nuclear fragmentation process plays ... ...

    Abstract The FragmentatiOn Of Target (FOOT) experiment aims to provide precise nuclear cross-section measurements for two different fields: hadrontherapy and radio-protection in space. The main reason is the important role the nuclear fragmentation process plays in both fields, where the health risks caused by radiation are very similar and mainly attributable to the fragmentation process. The FOOT experiment has been developed in such a way that the experimental setup is easily movable and fits the space limitations of the experimental and treatment rooms available in hadrontherapy treatment centers, where most of the data takings are carried out. The Trigger and Data Acquisition system needs to follow the same criteria and it should work in different laboratories and in different conditions. It has been designed to acquire the largest sample size with high accuracy in a controlled and online-monitored environment. The data collected are processed in real-time for quality assessment and are available to the DAQ crew and detector experts during data taking.
    Keywords Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Nuclear Experiment
    Subject code 306
    Publishing date 2020-10-29
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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