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  1. Article ; Online: Dominance of benthic fluxes in the oceanic beryllium budget and implications for paleo-denudation records.

    Deng, Kai / Rickli, Jörg / Suhrhoff, Tim Jesper / Du, Jianghui / Scholz, Florian / Severmann, Silke / Yang, Shouye / McManus, James / Vance, Derek

    Science advances

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 23, Page(s) eadg3702

    Abstract: The ratio of atmosphere- ... ...

    Abstract The ratio of atmosphere-derived
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adg3702
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  2. Article: Reconstructing the paleoceanographic and redox conditions responsible for variations in uranium content in North American Devonian black shales

    Abshire, Michelle L. / Riedinger, Natascha / Clymer, John M. / Scott, Clint / Severmann, Silke / Romaniello, Stephen J. / Puckette, James O.

    Elsevier B.V. Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology. 2022 Feb. 01, v. 587

    2022  

    Abstract: The uranium (U) content, and more recently, the ratio between ²³⁸U and ²³⁵U in black shales are commonly applied as a proxy to determine redox conditions and infer organic-richness. Uranium contents typically display a linear relationship with total ... ...

    Abstract The uranium (U) content, and more recently, the ratio between ²³⁸U and ²³⁵U in black shales are commonly applied as a proxy to determine redox conditions and infer organic-richness. Uranium contents typically display a linear relationship with total organic carbon (TOC) in shales. This relationship is due to the processes and mechanisms responsible for the incorporation of U into the sediment during the deposition and remineralization of organic matter. This U/TOC relationship can vary, however, and some shales display uncharacteristically low U content despite having high TOC content, while others show large enrichments of U relative to TOC. Here we examine the U to TOC ratios and U-isotope compositions of three Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian shales: the Woodford Shale, the Cleveland Shale, and the Bakken Shale, with two study sites in Oklahoma, one site in eastern Kentucky, and three sites in eastern Montana and western North Dakota, respectively. The U/TOC ratios of each shale are distinct from one another exhibiting average ratios ranging from 3 in the Cleveland Shale, to over 10 in the Bakken Shale. The distinct geochemical composition of the three shales suggests that, although lithologically similar, each study site represents a markedly different and dynamic depositional environment. The low average U/TOC (~3) along with the relatively high δ²³⁸U values (~0.03‰) of the Cleveland Shale core suggests deposition along the basin margin under normal marine conditions with periods of reduced bottom water oxygenation, likely due to fluctuations in the location of the pycnocline. The Woodford Shale on the other hand, shows higher U/TOC ratios (~4, George core, ~9, Poe core) and δ²³⁸U (~0.02‰ average, George core, ~0.06‰ average, Poe core), which suggests an unrestricted setting with intermittent euxinic conditions. In contrast, high U/TOC ratios (2–15), and very high δ²³⁸U values (up to 0.55‰) in the Bakken Shale cores indicate intense metal draw-down into sediments under sulfidic waters. The results show that when the U/TOC ratios and U-isotopic compositions of each studied shale are compared to modern anoxic basins and upwelling areas, it allows for an enhanced understanding of the paleoenvironmental conditions such as basin restriction and redox state of waters within the Late Devonian epicontinental seas of North America.
    Keywords Devonian period ; Mississippian period ; basins ; palaeogeography ; paleoceanography ; paleoclimatology ; paleoecology ; sediments ; shale ; total organic carbon ; uranium ; Kentucky ; Montana ; North Dakota ; Oklahoma
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0201
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 417718-6
    ISSN 0031-0182
    ISSN 0031-0182
    DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110763
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Dominance of benthic fluxes in the oceanic beryllium budget and implications for paleo-denudation records

    Deng, Kai / Rickli, Jörg / Suhrhoff, Tim Jesper / Du, Jianghui / Scholz, Florian / Severmann, Silke / Yang, Shouye / McManus, James / Vance, Derek

    2023  

    Abstract: The ratio of atmosphere-derived 10 Be to continent-derived 9 Be in marine sediments has been used to probe the long-term relationship between continental denudation and climate. However, its application is complicated by uncertainty in 9 Be transfer ... ...

    Abstract The ratio of atmosphere-derived 10 Be to continent-derived 9 Be in marine sediments has been used to probe the long-term relationship between continental denudation and climate. However, its application is complicated by uncertainty in 9 Be transfer through the land-ocean interface. The riverine dissolved load alone is insufficient to close the marine 9 Be budget, largely due to substantial removal of riverine 9 Be to continental margin sediments. We focus on the ultimate fate of this latter Be. We present sediment pore-water Be profiles from diverse continental margin environments to quantify the diagenetic Be release to the ocean. Our results suggest that pore-water Be cycling is mainly controlled by particulate supply and Mn-Fe cycling, leading to higher benthic fluxes on shelves. Benthic fluxes may help close the 9 Be budget and are at least comparable to, or higher (~2-fold) than, the riverine dissolved input. These observations demand a revised model framework, which considers the potentially dominant benthic source, to robustly interpret marine Be isotopic records.
    Subject code 550
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-09
    Publisher AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Lead Sources to the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica.

    Ndungu, Kuria / Zurbrick, Cheryl M / Stammerjohn, Sharon / Severmann, Silke / Sherrell, Robert M / Flegal, A Russell

    Environmental science & technology

    2016  Volume 50, Issue 12, Page(s) 6233–6239

    Abstract: The global prevalence of industrial lead (Pb) contamination was exemplified decades ago by the predominance of anthropogenic Pb in samples of Antarctic surface ice and in Southern Ocean surface waters. Decreases in environmental Pb contamination ... ...

    Abstract The global prevalence of industrial lead (Pb) contamination was exemplified decades ago by the predominance of anthropogenic Pb in samples of Antarctic surface ice and in Southern Ocean surface waters. Decreases in environmental Pb contamination corresponding with the near-global phase-out of leaded automobile gasoline beginning in the 1970s have since been observed. Measurements of Pb concentration in snow and ice core samples from Antarctica show that recent fluxes of industrial Pb to Antarctica have similarly declined. Here, we present measurements of Pb concentrations and isotopic compositions in seawater and surface sediments from the Amundsen Sea continental shelf including the Amundsen Sea Polynya. Both sets of measurements show that most (∼60-95%) of the Pb at our sites, at the time of sampling, is natural in source: that is, derived from the weathering of Antarctic continental rocks. These fluxes of natural Pb then become entrained into polynya waters either from sediment resuspension or from the transport of sediment-laden glacial melt waters to the polynya.
    MeSH term(s) Antarctic Regions ; Geologic Sediments ; Lead ; Seawater
    Chemical Substances Lead (2P299V784P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.5b05151
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Lead Sources to the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica

    Ndungu, Kuria / Flegal A. Russell / Severmann Silke / Sherrell Robert M / Stammerjohn Sharon / Zurbrick Cheryl M

    Environmental Science & Technology. 2016 June 21, v. 50, no. 12

    2016  

    Abstract: The global prevalence of industrial lead (Pb) contamination was exemplified decades ago by the predominance of anthropogenic Pb in samples of Antarctic surface ice and in Southern Ocean surface waters. Decreases in environmental Pb contamination ... ...

    Abstract The global prevalence of industrial lead (Pb) contamination was exemplified decades ago by the predominance of anthropogenic Pb in samples of Antarctic surface ice and in Southern Ocean surface waters. Decreases in environmental Pb contamination corresponding with the near-global phase-out of leaded automobile gasoline beginning in the 1970s have since been observed. Measurements of Pb concentration in snow and ice core samples from Antarctica show that recent fluxes of industrial Pb to Antarctica have similarly declined. Here, we present measurements of Pb concentrations and isotopic compositions in seawater and surface sediments from the Amundsen Sea continental shelf including the Amundsen Sea Polynya. Both sets of measurements show that most (∼60–95%) of the Pb at our sites, at the time of sampling, is natural in source: that is, derived from the weathering of Antarctic continental rocks. These fluxes of natural Pb then become entrained into polynya waters either from sediment resuspension or from the transport of sediment-laden glacial melt waters to the polynya.
    Keywords automobiles ; continental shelf ; gasoline ; ice ; lead ; melting ; rocks ; seawater ; sediments ; snow ; surface water ; weathering ; Antarctic region ; Antarctica
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-0621
    Size p. 6233-6239.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021%2Facs.est.5b05151
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Beyond the Black Sea paradigm

    Scholz, Florian / Severmann, Silke / McManus, James / Hensen, Christian

    The sedimentary fingerprint of an open-marine iron shuttle

    2014  

    Abstract: We present iron (Fe) concentration and Fe isotope data for a sediment core transect across the Peru upwelling area, which hosts one of the ocean’s most pronounced oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The lateral progression of total Fe to aluminum ratios (FeT/Al) ...

    Abstract We present iron (Fe) concentration and Fe isotope data for a sediment core transect across the Peru upwelling area, which hosts one of the ocean’s most pronounced oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The lateral progression of total Fe to aluminum ratios (FeT/Al) across the continental margin indicates that sediments within the OMZ are depleted in Fe whereas sediments below the OMZ are enriched in Fe relative to the lithogenic background. Rates of Fe loss within the OMZ, as inferred from FeT/Al ratios and sedimentation rates, are in agreement with benthic flux data that were calculated from pore water concentration gradients. The mass of Fe lost from sediments within the OMZ is within the same order of magnitude as the mass of Fe accumulating below the OMZ. Taken together, our data are in agreement with a shuttle scenario where Fe is reductively remobilized from sediments within the OMZ, laterally transported within the anoxic water column and re-precipitated within the more oxic water below the OMZ. Sediments within the OMZ have increased 56Fe/54Fe isotope ratios relative to the lithogenic background, which is consistent with the general notion of benthic release of dissolved Fe with a relatively low 56Fe/54Fe isotope ratio. The Fe isotope ratios increase across the margin and the highest values coincide with the greatest Fe enrichment in sediments below the OMZ. The apparent mismatch in isotope composition between the Fe that is released within the OMZ and Fe that is re-precipitated below the OMZ implies that only a fraction of the sediment-derived Fe is retained near-shore whereas another fraction is transported further offshore. We suggest that a similar open-marine shuttle is likely to operate along many ocean margins. The observed sedimentary fingerprint of the open-marine Fe shuttle differs from a related transport mechanism in isolated euxinic basins (e.g., the Black Sea) where the laterally supplied, reactive Fe is quantitatively captured within the basin sediments. We suggest that our findings are useful to ...
    Subject code 550
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-02-15
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Trace metal enrichments in Lake Tanganyika sediments: Controls on trace metal burial in lacustrine systems

    Brucker, Rebecca Poulson / McManus, James / Severmann, Silke / Owens, Jeremy / Lyons, Timothy W

    Geochimica et cosmochimica acta. 2011 Jan. 15, v. 75, no. 2

    2011  

    Abstract: We investigate the distributions of several key diagenetic reactants (C, S, Fe) and redox-sensitive trace metals (Mo, Cd, Re, U) in sediments from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. This study includes modern sediments from a chemocline transect, which spans ... ...

    Abstract We investigate the distributions of several key diagenetic reactants (C, S, Fe) and redox-sensitive trace metals (Mo, Cd, Re, U) in sediments from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. This study includes modern sediments from a chemocline transect, which spans oxygenated shallow waters to sulfidic conditions at depth, as well as ancient sediments from a longer core (∼2m) taken at ∼900m water depth. Modern sediments from depths spanning ∼70–335m are generally characterized by increasing enrichments of C, S, Mo, Cd, and U with increasing water depth but static Fe distributions. It appears that the sedimentary enrichments of these elements are, to varying degrees, influenced by a combination of organic carbon cycling and sulfur cycling. These modern lake characteristics contrast with a period of high total organic carbon (Cₒᵣg), total sulfur (STₒₜ), and trace metal concentrations observed in the 900m core, a period which follows the most recent deglaciation (∼18–11ky). This interval is followed abruptly by an interval (∼11–6ky) that is characterized by lower C, S, U, and Mo. Consistent with other work we suspect that the low concentrations of S, Mo, and U may indicate a period of intense lake mixing, during which time the lake may have been less productive and less reducing as compared to the present. An alternative, but not mutually exclusive, hypothesis is that changes in the lake’s chemical inventory, driven by significant hydrological changes, could be influencing the distribution of sedimentary trace elements through time.
    Keywords cadmium ; carbon ; hydrology ; inventories ; iron ; lakes ; mixing ; molybdenum ; sediments ; sulfur ; Eastern Africa ; Lake Tanganyika
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-0115
    Size p. 483-499.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 300305-x
    ISSN 0016-7037
    ISSN 0016-7037
    DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.041
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Quantifying trace element and isotope fluxes at the ocean-sediment boundary: a review.

    Homoky, William B / Weber, Thomas / Berelson, William M / Conway, Tim M / Henderson, Gideon M / van Hulten, Marco / Jeandel, Catherine / Severmann, Silke / Tagliabue, Alessandro

    Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

    2017  Volume 374, Issue 2081

    Abstract: Quantifying fluxes of trace elements and their isotopes (TEIs) at the ocean's sediment-water boundary is a pre-eminent challenge to understand their role in the present, past and future ocean. There are multiple processes that drive the uptake and ... ...

    Abstract Quantifying fluxes of trace elements and their isotopes (TEIs) at the ocean's sediment-water boundary is a pre-eminent challenge to understand their role in the present, past and future ocean. There are multiple processes that drive the uptake and release of TEIs, and properties that determine their rates are unevenly distributed (e.g. sediment composition, redox conditions and (bio)physical dynamics). These factors complicate our efforts to find, measure and extrapolate TEI fluxes across ocean basins. GEOTRACES observations are unveiling the oceanic distributions of many TEIs for the first time. These data evidence the influence of the sediment-water boundary on many TEI cycles, and underline the fact that our knowledge of the source-sink fluxes that sustain oceanic distributions is largely missing. Present flux measurements provide low spatial coverage and only part of the empirical basis needed to predict TEI flux variations. Many of the advances and present challenges facing TEI flux measurements are linked to process studies that collect sediment cores, pore waters, sinking material or seawater in close contact with sediments. However, such sampling has not routinely been viable on GEOTRACES expeditions. In this article, we recommend approaches to address these issues: firstly, with an interrogation of emergent data using isotopic mass-balance and inverse modelling techniques; and secondly, by innovating pursuits of direct TEI flux measurements. We exemplify the value of GEOTRACES data with a new inverse model estimate of benthic Al flux in the North Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, we review viable flux measurement techniques tailored to the sediment-water boundary. We propose that such activities are aimed at regions that intersect the GEOTRACES Science Plan on the basis of seven criteria that may influence TEI fluxes: sediment provenance, composition, organic carbon supply, redox conditions, sedimentation rate, bathymetry and the benthic nepheloid inventory.This article is part of the themed issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208381-4
    ISSN 1471-2962 ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
    ISSN (online) 1471-2962
    ISSN 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
    DOI 10.1098/rsta.2016.0246
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  9. Article ; Online: On the isotope composition of reactive iron in marine sediments

    Scholz, Florian / Severmann, Silke / McManus, James / Noffke, Anna / Lomnitz, Ulrike / Hensen, Christian

    Redox shuttle versus early diagenesis

    2014  

    Abstract: The isotope composition of reactive iron (Fe) in marine sediments and sedimentary rocks is a promising tool for identifying Fe sources and sinks across ocean basins. In addition to cross-basinal Fe redistribution, which can modify Fe isotope signatures, ... ...

    Abstract The isotope composition of reactive iron (Fe) in marine sediments and sedimentary rocks is a promising tool for identifying Fe sources and sinks across ocean basins. In addition to cross-basinal Fe redistribution, which can modify Fe isotope signatures, Fe minerals also undergo diagenetic redistribution during burial. The isotope fractionation associated with this redistribution does not affect the bulk isotope composition, but complicates the identification of mineral-specific isotope signatures. Here, we present new Fe isotope data for Peru margin sediments and revisit previously published data for sediments from the California margin to unravel the impact of early diagenesis on Fe isotope compositions of individual Fe pools. Sediments from oxic California margin sites are dominated by terrigenous Fe supply with Fe release from sediments having a negligible influence on the solid phase Fe isotope composition. The highly reactive Fe pool (sum of Fe bound to (oxyhydr)oxide, carbonate, monosulfide and pyrite) of these sediments has a light isotope composition relative to the bulk crust, which is consistent with earlier studies showing that continental weathering shifts the isotope composition of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides to lighter values. Ferruginous sedimentswithin the Peruvian oxygen minimumzone are depleted in Fe relative to the lithogenic background, which we attribute to extensive Fe release to the water column. The remaining highly reactive Fe pool has a heavier isotope composition compared to California margin sediments. This observation is in agreement with the general notion of an isotopically light benthic Fe efflux. Most of the reactive Fe delivered and retained in the sediment is transferred into authigenic mineral phases within the topmost 10 to 20 cm of the sediments. We observe a first-order relationship between the extent of pyritization of Fe monosulfide and the isotope composition of authigenic pyrite. With increasing pyritization, the isotope composition of authigenic pyrite approaches the isotope ...
    Subject code 550
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-11
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Sulfur isotopes track the global extent and dynamics of euxinia during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2.

    Owens, Jeremy D / Gill, Benjamin C / Jenkyns, Hugh C / Bates, Steven M / Severmann, Silke / Kuypers, Marcel M M / Woodfine, Richard G / Lyons, Timothy W

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2013  Volume 110, Issue 46, Page(s) 18407–18412

    Abstract: The Mesozoic Era is characterized by numerous oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) that are diagnostically expressed by widespread marine organic-carbon burial and coeval carbon-isotope excursions. Here we present coupled high-resolution carbon- and sulfur- ... ...

    Abstract The Mesozoic Era is characterized by numerous oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) that are diagnostically expressed by widespread marine organic-carbon burial and coeval carbon-isotope excursions. Here we present coupled high-resolution carbon- and sulfur-isotope data from four European OAE 2 sections spanning the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary that show roughly parallel positive excursions. Significantly, however, the interval of peak magnitude for carbon isotopes precedes that of sulfur isotopes with an estimated offset of a few hundred thousand years. Based on geochemical box modeling of organic-carbon and pyrite burial, the sulfur-isotope excursion can be generated by transiently increasing the marine burial rate of pyrite precipitated under euxinic (i.e., anoxic and sulfidic) water-column conditions. To replicate the observed isotopic offset, the model requires that enhanced levels of organic-carbon and pyrite burial continued a few hundred thousand years after peak organic-carbon burial, but that their isotope records responded differently due to dramatically different residence times for dissolved inorganic carbon and sulfate in seawater. The significant inference is that euxinia persisted post-OAE, but with its global extent dwindling over this time period. The model further suggests that only ~5% of the global seafloor area was overlain by euxinic bottom waters during OAE 2. Although this figure is ~30× greater than the small euxinic fraction present today (~0.15%), the result challenges previous suggestions that one of the best-documented OAEs was defined by globally pervasive euxinic deep waters. Our results place important controls instead on local conditions and point to the difficulty in sustaining whole-ocean euxinia.
    MeSH term(s) History, Ancient ; Hydrogen Sulfide/chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; Seawater/chemistry ; Sulfur Isotopes/analysis
    Chemical Substances Sulfur Isotopes ; Oxygen (S88TT14065) ; Hydrogen Sulfide (YY9FVM7NSN)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1305304110
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