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Article ; Online: Parallel evolution of angiosperm-like venation in Peltaspermales: a reinvestigation of Furcula.

Coiro, Mario / McLoughlin, Stephen / Steinthorsdottir, Margret / Vajda, Vivi / Fabrikant, Dolev / Seyfullah, Leyla J

2024

Abstract: Leaf venation is a pivotal trait in the success of vascular plants. Whereas gymnosperms have single or sparsely branched parallel veins, angiosperms developed a hierarchical structure of veins that form a complex reticulum. Its physiological consequences ...

Abstract	Leaf venation is a pivotal trait in the success of vascular plants. Whereas gymnosperms have single or sparsely branched parallel veins, angiosperms developed a hierarchical structure of veins that form a complex reticulum. Its physiological consequences are considered to have enabled angiosperms to dominate terrestrial ecosystems in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Although a hierarchical-reticulate venation also occurs in some groups of extinct seed plants, it is unclear whether these are stem relatives of angiosperms or have evolved these traits in parallel. Here, we re-examine the morphology of the enigmatic foliage taxon Furcula, a potential early Mesozoic angiosperm relative, and argue that its hierarchical vein network represents convergent evolution (in the Late Triassic) with flowering plants (which developed in the Early Cretaceous) based on details of vein architecture and the absence of angiosperm-like stomata and guard cells. We suggest that its nearest relatives are Peltaspermales similar to Scytophyllum and Vittaephyllum, the latter being a genus that originated during the Late Triassic (Carnian) and shares a hierarchical vein system with Furcula. We further suggest that the evolution of hierarchical venation systems in the early Permian, the Late Triassic, and the Early Cretaceous represent 'natural experiments' that might help resolve the selective pressures enabling this trait to evolve.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.19726
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Article ; Online: Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity

Coiro, Mario / Allio, Rémi / Mazet, Nathan / Seyfullah, Leyla J. / Condamine, Fabien L.

New Phytologist. 2023 Nov., v. 240, no. 4 p.1616-1635

2023

Abstract: The determinants of biodiversity patterns can be understood using macroevolutionary analyses. The integration of fossils into phylogenies offers a deeper understanding of processes underlying biodiversity patterns in deep time. Cycadales are considered a ...

Abstract	The determinants of biodiversity patterns can be understood using macroevolutionary analyses. The integration of fossils into phylogenies offers a deeper understanding of processes underlying biodiversity patterns in deep time. Cycadales are considered a relict of a once more diverse and globally distributed group but are restricted to low latitudes today. We still know little about their origin and geographic range evolution. Combining molecular data for extant species and leaf morphological data for extant and fossil species, we study the origin of cycad global biodiversity patterns through Bayesian total‐evidence dating analyses. We assess the ancestral geographic origin and trace the historical biogeography of cycads with a time‐stratified process‐based model. Cycads originated in the Carboniferous on the Laurasian landmass and expanded in Gondwana in the Jurassic. Through now‐vanished continental connections, Antarctica and Greenland were crucial biogeographic crossroads for cycad biogeography. Vicariance is an essential speciation mode in the deep and recent past. Their latitudinal span increased in the Jurassic and restrained toward subtropical latitudes in the Neogene in line with biogeographic inferences of high‐latitude extirpations. We show the benefits of integrating fossils into phylogenies to estimate ancestral areas of origin and to study evolutionary processes explaining the global distribution of present‐day relict groups.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; Carboniferous period ; Cycadales ; Jurassic period ; Neogene period ; biodiversity ; fossils ; geographical distribution ; latitude ; models ; phylogeny ; provenance ; Antarctica ; Greenland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-11
Size	p. 1616-1635.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.19010
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Article: Lower Cretaceous Crato clay samples revisited: some new results from scanning electron microscope investigations of Afropollis pollen

Hofmann, Christa-Charlotte / Seyfullah, Leyla J.

Grana. 2021 May 04, v. 60, no. 3

2021

Abstract: This article presents re-investigated Crato Formation sample material from David J. Batten’s palynological legacy using a combination of light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The investigation shows that Afropollis jardinus ... ...

Abstract	This article presents re-investigated Crato Formation sample material from David J. Batten’s palynological legacy using a combination of light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The investigation shows that Afropollis jardinus specimens from Crato clay have central bodies that are either smaller (36%) or larger (42%) than half the diameter of the entire body or are lost (22%), probably due to preservational reasons. All grains display the same grading of the reticulum, in which the size of the brochi decreases from the proximal to the distal pole. This observation only was possible because no cover slips were used during LM observation and therefore the individual grains could be turned and moved with a micro-manipulator. Detailed SEM observations revealed that the height of the muri and the height of the always present granular infrastructure of the reticulate sexine generally increase from the distal to the proximal pole. On five of 19 specimens (plus a lump of four) investigated with SEM an ulcerate aperture can be observed on the distal pole, located within the smallest brochi of the reticulum, and three other specimens show a faint ulcerate aperture in the same location. The area with small the smallest brochi and the ulcus are restricted to the distal pole. This ulcerate aperture cannot be seen using only LM. The geologically older Afropollis operculatus and A. zonatus are characterised by operculate and ring-like apertures, therefore the ulcus in A. jardinus must be a derived type and is probably a result of convergent evolution.
Keywords	Cretaceous period ; clay ; convergent evolution ; grana ; infrastructure ; light microscopy ; palynology ; pollen ; reticulum ; sexine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0504
Size	p. 161-172.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2016533-X
ISSN	1651-2049 ; 0017-3134
ISSN (online)	1651-2049
ISSN	0017-3134
DOI	10.1080/00173134.2020.1795243
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Article ; Online: Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity.

Coiro, Mario / Allio, Rémi / Mazet, Nathan / Seyfullah, Leyla J / Condamine, Fabien L

The New phytologist

2023 Volume 240, Issue 4, Page(s) 1616–1635

Abstract	The determinants of biodiversity patterns can be understood using macroevolutionary analyses. The integration of fossils into phylogenies offers a deeper understanding of processes underlying biodiversity patterns in deep time. Cycadales are considered a relict of a once more diverse and globally distributed group but are restricted to low latitudes today. We still know little about their origin and geographic range evolution. Combining molecular data for extant species and leaf morphological data for extant and fossil species, we study the origin of cycad global biodiversity patterns through Bayesian total-evidence dating analyses. We assess the ancestral geographic origin and trace the historical biogeography of cycads with a time-stratified process-based model. Cycads originated in the Carboniferous on the Laurasian landmass and expanded in Gondwana in the Jurassic. Through now-vanished continental connections, Antarctica and Greenland were crucial biogeographic crossroads for cycad biogeography. Vicariance is an essential speciation mode in the deep and recent past. Their latitudinal span increased in the Jurassic and restrained toward subtropical latitudes in the Neogene in line with biogeographic inferences of high-latitude extirpations. We show the benefits of integrating fossils into phylogenies to estimate ancestral areas of origin and to study evolutionary processes explaining the global distribution of present-day relict groups.
MeSH term(s)	Phylogeny ; Fossils ; Bayes Theorem ; Cycadopsida/anatomy & histology ; Biodiversity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.19010
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Article: Fossil evidence of lichen grazing from Paleogene amber

Schmidt, Alexander R. / Steuernagel, Lukas / Behling, Hermann / Seyfullah, Leyla J. / Beimforde, Christina / Sadowski, Eva-Maria / Rikkinen, Jouko / Kaasalainen, Ulla

Review of palaeobotany and palynology. 2022 Apr. 06,

2022

Abstract: Lichens are important in many modern terrestrial ecosystems, but their fossil record has been very sparse. This has limited the chances for finding any evidence of their interactions with animals in past ecosystems. Recently, the fossil record of lichens ...

Abstract	Lichens are important in many modern terrestrial ecosystems, but their fossil record has been very sparse. This has limited the chances for finding any evidence of their interactions with animals in past ecosystems. Recently, the fossil record of lichens has improved significantly with the discovery of numerous new inclusions from European Paleogene ambers. Here, we report the first fossil evidence of animal–lichen interactions from one new fossil from Bitterfeld amber of central Germany. A foliose fossil lichen, possibly belonging to the Physciaceae, exhibits three feeding marks and co-preserved invertebrate faecal pellets. To gain insights into this Paleogene lichen-invertebrate interaction, we compared the fossil grazing damage and faecal pellets to those obtained from several extant lichen feeders, including mites, collembolans, psocopterans, coleopteran larvae and gastropods. The results of the grazing experiments suggest that gastropods and mites most likely caused the feeding marks preserved in the fossil lichen.
Keywords	Coleoptera ; Collembola ; Paleogene period ; Physciaceae ; Psocodea ; amber ; fossils ; lichens ; paleobotany ; palynology ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0406
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ISSN	0034-6667
DOI	10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104664
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Article ; Online: Cretaceous gnetalean yields first preserved plant gum.

Roberts, Emily A / Seyfullah, Leyla J / Loveridge, Robert F / Garside, Paul / Martill, David M

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 3401

Abstract: Some liquid plant exudates (e.g. resin) can be found preserved in the fossil record. However, due to their high solubility, gums have been assumed to dissolve before fossilisation. The visual appearance of gums (water-soluble polysaccharides) is so ... ...

Abstract	Some liquid plant exudates (e.g. resin) can be found preserved in the fossil record. However, due to their high solubility, gums have been assumed to dissolve before fossilisation. The visual appearance of gums (water-soluble polysaccharides) is so similar to other plant exudates, particularly resin, that chemical testing is essential to differentiate them. Remarkably, Welwitschiophyllum leaves from Early Cretaceous, Brazil provide the first chemical confirmation of a preserved gum. This is despite the leaves being exposed to water twice during formation and subsequent weathering of the Crato Formation. The Welwitschiophyllum plant shares the presence of gum ducts inside leaves with its presumed extant relative the gnetalean Welwitschia. This fossil gum presents a chemical signature remarkably similar to the gum in extant Welwitschia and is distinct from those of fossil resins. We show for the first time that a water-soluble plant exudate has been preserved in the fossil record, potentially allowing us to recognise further biomolecules thought to be lost during the fossilisation process.
MeSH term(s)	Brazil ; Fossils ; Plant Gums/chemistry ; Plant Leaves/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Plant Gums
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-60211-2
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Article ; Online: Ancient noeggerathialean reveals the seed plant sister group diversified alongside the primary seed plant radiation.

Wang, Jun / Hilton, Jason / Pfefferkorn, Hermann W / Wang, Shijun / Zhang, Yi / Bek, Jiri / Pšenička, Josef / Seyfullah, Leyla J / Dilcher, David

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2021 Volume 118, Issue 11

Abstract: Noeggerathiales are enigmatic plants that existed during Carboniferous and Permian times, ∼323 to 252 Mya. Although their morphology, diversity, and distribution are well known, their systematic affinity remained enigmatic because their anatomy was ... ...

Abstract	Noeggerathiales are enigmatic plants that existed during Carboniferous and Permian times, ∼323 to 252 Mya. Although their morphology, diversity, and distribution are well known, their systematic affinity remained enigmatic because their anatomy was unknown. Here, we report from a 298-My-old volcanic ash deposit, an in situ, complete, anatomically preserved noeggerathialean. The plant resolves the group's affinity and places it in a key evolutionary position within the seed plant sister group.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Evolution ; Fossils ; Plants/classification ; Plants/embryology ; Seeds/growth & development
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2013442118
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Article: Species-level determination of closely related araucarian resins using FTIR spectroscopy and its implications for the provenance of New Zealand amber.

Seyfullah, Leyla J / Sadowski, Eva-Maria / Schmidt, Alexander R

PeerJ

2015 Volume 3, Page(s) e1067

Abstract: Some higher plants, both angiosperms and gymnosperms, can produce resins and some of these resins can polymerize and fossilize to form ambers. Various physical and chemical techniques have been used to identify and profile different plant resins and have ...

Abstract	Some higher plants, both angiosperms and gymnosperms, can produce resins and some of these resins can polymerize and fossilize to form ambers. Various physical and chemical techniques have been used to identify and profile different plant resins and have then been applied to fossilized resins (ambers), to try to detect their parent plant affinities and understand the process of polymerization, with varying levels of success. Here we focus on resins produced from today's most resinous conifer family, the Araucariaceae, which are thought to be the parent plants of some of the Southern Hemisphere's fossil resin deposits. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the resins of closely related Araucariaceae species were examined to test whether they could be distinguished at genus and species level and whether the results could then be used to infer the parent plant of a New Zealand amber. The resin FTIR spectra are distinguishable from each other, and the three Araucaria species sampled produced similar FTIR spectra, to which Wollemia resin is most similar. Interspecific variability of the FTIR spectra is greatest in the three Agathis species tested. The New Zealand amber sample is similar in key shared features with the resin samples, but it does differ from the extant resin samples in key distinguishing features, nonetheless it is most similar to the resin of Agathis australis in this dataset. However on comparison with previously published FTIR spectra of similar aged amber and older (Eocene) resinites both found in coals from New Zealand and fresh Agathis australis resin, our amber has some features that imply a relatively immature resin, which was not expected from an amber of the Miocene age.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.1067
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Article: Parasitaxus parasitized: novel infestation of Parasitaxus usta (Podocarpaceae)

Seyfullah, Leyla J / Christina Beimforde / Vincent Perrichot / Jouko Rikkinen / Alexander R. Schmidt

Arthropod-plant interactions. 2017 Aug., v. 11, no. 4

2017

Abstract: The worldâs sole âparasiticâ gymnosperm Parasitaxus usta (Podocarpaceae) is endemic to the island of Grande Terre, New Caledonia. It is a threatened species because of its limited geographic range and progressing habitat fragmentation. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	The worldâs sole âparasiticâ gymnosperm Parasitaxus usta (Podocarpaceae) is endemic to the island of Grande Terre, New Caledonia. It is a threatened species because of its limited geographic range and progressing habitat fragmentation. Here, we report a novel scale insect outbreak on a Parasitaxus sub-population from Monts Dzumac in the southern part of Grande Terre. The identity of the scale insect was determined through combining morphological and molecular methods. The field collection of scale insects and their secretions from infested Parasitaxus specimens allowed morphological identification of the superfamily Coccoidea. Subsequent genetic sequencing using CO1 markers allowed phylogenetic placement of the wax scale insects to the genus Ceroplastes (Coccoidea, Coccidae), a widespread pest genus. The identified species, C. pseudoceriferus, has not been previously recorded from New Caledonia. As Parasitaxus is already vulnerable to extinction, this new threat to its long-term survival needs to be monitored. Other New Caledonian endemic plant species are potentially at risk of this new species, although it was not observed on Falcatifolium taxoides, the host of Parasitaxus.
Keywords	Ceroplastes ; Podocarpaceae ; extinction ; habitat fragmentation ; indigenous species ; new species ; phylogeny ; plants (botany) ; risk ; scale insects ; threatened species ; New Caledonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-08
Size	p. 507-514.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2377469-1
ISSN	1872-8847 ; 1872-8855
ISSN (online)	1872-8847
ISSN	1872-8855
DOI	10.1007/s11829-016-9494-0
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Article ; Online: Production and preservation of resins - past and present.

Seyfullah, Leyla J / Beimforde, Christina / Dal Corso, Jacopo / Perrichot, Vincent / Rikkinen, Jouko / Schmidt, Alexander R

Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society

2018 Volume 93, Issue 3, Page(s) 1684–1714

Abstract: Amber is fossilised plant resin. It can be used to provide insights into the terrestrial conditions at the time the original resin was exuded. Amber research thus can inform many aspects of palaeontology, from the recovery and description of enclosed ... ...

Abstract	Amber is fossilised plant resin. It can be used to provide insights into the terrestrial conditions at the time the original resin was exuded. Amber research thus can inform many aspects of palaeontology, from the recovery and description of enclosed fossil organisms (biological inclusions) to attempts at reconstruction of past climates and environments. Here we focus on the resin itself, the conditions under which it may have been exuded, and its potential path to fossilisation, rather than on enclosed fossils. It is noteworthy that not all plants produce resin, and that not all resins can (nor do) become amber. Given the recent upsurge in the number of amber deposits described, it is time to re-examine ambers from a botanical perspective. Here we summarise the state of knowledge about resin production in modern ecosystems, and review the biological and ecological aspects of resin production in plants. We also present new observations on conifer-derived resin exudation, with a particular focus on araucarian conifer trees. We suggest that besides disease, insect attacks and traumatic wounding from fires and storms, other factors such as tree architecture and local soil conditions are significant in creating and preserving resin outpourings. We also examine the transformation of resin into amber (maturation), focusing on geological aspects of amber deposit formation and preservation. We present new evidence that expands previous understanding of amber deposit formation. Specific geological conditions such as anoxic burial are essential in the creation of amber from resin deposits. We show that in the past, the production of large amounts of resin could have been linked to global climate changes and environmental disruption. We then highlight where the gaps in our knowledge still remain and potential future research directions.
MeSH term(s)	Amber ; Coniferophyta/physiology ; Ecosystem
Chemical Substances	Amber
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1423558-4
ISSN	1469-185X ; 0006-3231 ; 1464-7931
ISSN (online)	1469-185X
ISSN	0006-3231 ; 1464-7931
DOI	10.1111/brv.12414
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