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  1. Article ; Online: Social isolation and mental health: Evidence from adults with serious mental illness.

    Jenkins, G Trey / Janich, Nicole / Wu, Shiyou / Shafer, Michael

    Psychiatric rehabilitation journal

    2022  Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 148–155

    Abstract: Objective: In the United States, loneliness is increasingly becoming a public health crisis. Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) report loneliness at rates much higher than the general population. In this secondary data analysis, we examine ... ...

    Abstract Objective: In the United States, loneliness is increasingly becoming a public health crisis. Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) report loneliness at rates much higher than the general population. In this secondary data analysis, we examine how subjective and objective social isolation influence perceptions of mental health and well-being.
    Method: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted a multivariate hierarchical regression analysis to determine the unique influence both subjective and objective isolation had on perceptions of mental health and well-being in adults with SMI.
    Results: Rates of reported loneliness in those with SMI was consistent with the literature. Increased perceptions of loneliness were found to be a significant predictor of decreased self-report mental health rating and increased frequency of bothersome symptoms. Increased perceptions of social support were also a significant predictor in increased self-report mental health rating and frequency of bothersome symptoms.
    Conclusion and implications for practice: For social workers and providers of services to individuals with SMI, it is important to understand the prevalence of loneliness in the population. It is also critical to provide those with SMI social support and inclusion interventions that aim to increase perceptions of mental well-being. Additionally, the distinction between subjective and objective social isolation provides evaluators of social support interventions a more accurate definition from which to measure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Mental Health ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Social Isolation/psychology ; Loneliness/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2070454-9
    ISSN 1559-3126 ; 1095-158X
    ISSN (online) 1559-3126
    ISSN 1095-158X
    DOI 10.1037/prj0000554
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Impact of statutory revisions to family-petitioned civil commitment in South Korea.

    Oh, Hyunsung / Cho, Yunhwa / Bae, Jinyeong / Holley, Lynn C / Shafer, Michael / Kim, Kyejung / Lee, Yongpyo

    International journal of law and psychiatry

    2024  Volume 94, Page(s) 101982

    Abstract: Introduction: This study examined the impact of statutory revisions in 2016 which aimed to enhance procedural justice within the process of civil commitment for persons diagnosed with mental illnesses (PDMI) in South Korea. These changes included ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: This study examined the impact of statutory revisions in 2016 which aimed to enhance procedural justice within the process of civil commitment for persons diagnosed with mental illnesses (PDMI) in South Korea. These changes included requiring that PDMI pose a threat of danger to self or others and the need for treatment simultaneously as criteria for petitioning civil commitment. Additionally, the revision established a public entity to oversee the legitimacy of petitions to involuntarily commit PDMI to inpatient treatment. Despite these statutory changes, families providing care for PDMI still appear to depend on civil commitment as a way to seek respite from care burden, not necessarily to respond to psychiatric emergencies involving dangerousness. This practice seems to be aided by processes within the public entity providing oversight. Due to such barriers we hypothesized that, even after the statutory revision in 2016, PDMI who had been civilly committed following petitions from families will not exhibit elevated dangerousness compared to PDMI who had never been hospitalized during the same period.
    Methods: Trained interviewers recruited 331 participants self-identified as PDMI from psychiatric rehabilitation agencies in the community and aided them in completing a survey including measures of self-reported hospitalization history, suicidality, and aggression toward others. Participants were classified into four groups: Family-petition committed (FPC) group (n = 30, 9.1%), voluntarily hospitalized (VH) group (n = 34, 10.3%), public-petition committed (PPC) group (n = 31, 9.4%), and never hospitalized (NH) group (n = 236, 71.3%). We conducted logistic regression analyses to compare self-reported dangerousness between groups with the NH group as the reference group.
    Results: In the past 12 months, 43.5% of PDMI participants had self-reported behaviors that may have met the dangerousness criteria for civil commitment. Controlling for confounding factors, the PPC group was 2.96 times and 3.02 times as likely to report suicidal ideation and physical aggression, respectively, compared to the NH group. However, as hypothesized, the FPC group did not differ from the NH group on any indicator of self-reported dangerousness.
    Conclusion: The findings were based on cross-sectional correlational data and should not be viewed as conclusive evidence that the 2016 statutory revision is ineffective in preventing family-petitioned civil commitment in cases where dangerousness is not apparent. Nevertheless, these findings encourage further empirical studies that illuminate the etiology of procedural justice in civil commitments petitioned by family members and that assess factors and contexts that promote the consideration of least coercive treatments, rather than resorting to involuntary hospitalization when psychiatric emergencies arise.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 304429-4
    ISSN 1873-6386 ; 0160-2527
    ISSN (online) 1873-6386
    ISSN 0160-2527
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101982
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Patterns and Predictors of Sustained Training and Technical Assistance Engagement Among Addiction Treatment and Affiliated Providers.

    Shafer, Michael S / Oh, Hyunsung / Sturtevant, Hanna / Freese, Thomas / Rutkowski, Beth

    The journal of behavioral health services & research

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 264–274

    Abstract: The current study draws upon data collected over a 4-year period by a regional addiction technology transfer center (ATTC) to better understand the learning patterns and methods of learning engagement among behavioral health professionals. Training ... ...

    Abstract The current study draws upon data collected over a 4-year period by a regional addiction technology transfer center (ATTC) to better understand the learning patterns and methods of learning engagement among behavioral health professionals. Training participants were found to be predominately female and ethnically diverse, evenly split on attaining a graduate degree, with a third of the participants possessing less than a 4-year college degree. More than one-half reported working in non-health/non-behavioral healthcare settings. Individuals who attended more ATTC events were found to possess less than a master's degree, work in non-behavioral health settings, and identify as Hispanic or other races. In addition, individuals who initially accessed training through an ATTC conference or online asynchronous learning events were found to become engaged learners.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Educational Status ; Psychiatry
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1419909-9
    ISSN 1556-3308 ; 1094-3412
    ISSN (online) 1556-3308
    ISSN 1094-3412
    DOI 10.1007/s11414-023-09854-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Critical Issues in Leadership Development for Peer Support Specialists.

    Jenkins, G Trey / Shafer, Michael S / Janich, Nicole

    Community mental health journal

    2020  Volume 56, Issue 6, Page(s) 1085–1094

    Abstract: This paper is a qualitative analysis of perspectives on leadership development among working peer support specialists and highlights the challenges, needs and efficacy these individuals experience in their work settings. Six participants engaged in a 2 h ...

    Abstract This paper is a qualitative analysis of perspectives on leadership development among working peer support specialists and highlights the challenges, needs and efficacy these individuals experience in their work settings. Six participants engaged in a 2 h semi-structured focus group. Participants were guided through a series of nine questions regarding their transition to leadership, professional communication and relationships. Seven themes emerged: managing dual relationships; having difficult conversations; push and pull of leadership; taking responsibility for others; taking responsibility for self-care; addressing stigma in the workplace, and, spirituality/a calling to help. These professionals integrate their personal experiences of recovery into their direct care and leadership approaches in the workplace. This blending of recovery concepts and supervision approaches reflect some of the powerful elements that peer recovery specialists are uniquely qualified to lead in the healthcare workforce. These findings provide important implications for leadership development among this growing segment of the healthcare workforce.
    MeSH term(s) Counseling ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Leadership ; Qualitative Research ; Specialization
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 215855-3
    ISSN 1573-2789 ; 0010-3853
    ISSN (online) 1573-2789
    ISSN 0010-3853
    DOI 10.1007/s10597-020-00569-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: What is an artificial muscle? A comparison of soft actuators to biological muscles.

    Higueras-Ruiz, Diego R / Nishikawa, Kiisa / Feigenbaum, Heidi / Shafer, Michael

    Bioinspiration & biomimetics

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 1

    Abstract: Interest in emulating the properties of biological muscles that allow for fast adaptability and control in unstructured environments has motivated researchers to develop new soft actuators, often referred to as 'artificial muscles'. The field of soft ... ...

    Abstract Interest in emulating the properties of biological muscles that allow for fast adaptability and control in unstructured environments has motivated researchers to develop new soft actuators, often referred to as 'artificial muscles'. The field of soft robotics is evolving rapidly as new soft actuator designs are published every year. In parallel, recent studies have also provided new insights for understanding biological muscles as 'active' materials whose tunable properties allow them to adapt rapidly to external perturbations. This work presents a comparative study of biological muscles and soft actuators, focusing on those properties that make biological muscles highly adaptable systems. In doing so, we briefly review the latest soft actuation technologies, their actuation mechanisms, and advantages and disadvantages from an operational perspective. Next, we review the latest advances in understanding biological muscles. This presents insight into muscle architecture, the actuation mechanism, and modeling, but more importantly, it provides an understanding of the properties that contribute to adaptability and control. Finally, we conduct a comparative study of biological muscles and soft actuators. Here, we present the accomplishments of each soft actuation technology, the remaining challenges, and future directions. Additionally, this comparative study contributes to providing further insight on soft robotic terms, such as biomimetic actuators, artificial muscles, and conceptualizing a higher level of performance actuator named artificial supermuscle. In conclusion, while soft actuators often have performance metrics such as specific power, efficiency, response time, and others similar to those in muscles, significant challenges remain when finding suitable substitutes for biological muscles, in terms of other factors such as control strategies, onboard energy integration, and thermoregulation.
    MeSH term(s) Muscles ; Robotics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2235670-8
    ISSN 1748-3190 ; 1748-3182
    ISSN (online) 1748-3190
    ISSN 1748-3182
    DOI 10.1088/1748-3190/ac3adf
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Cavatappi artificial muscles from drawing, twisting, and coiling polymer tubes.

    Higueras-Ruiz, Diego R / Shafer, Michael W / Feigenbaum, Heidi P

    Science robotics

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 53

    Abstract: Compliant, biomimetic actuation technologies that are both efficient and powerful are necessary for robotic systems that may one day interact, augment, and potentially integrate with humans. To this end, we introduce a fluid-driven muscle-like actuator ... ...

    Abstract Compliant, biomimetic actuation technologies that are both efficient and powerful are necessary for robotic systems that may one day interact, augment, and potentially integrate with humans. To this end, we introduce a fluid-driven muscle-like actuator fabricated from inexpensive polymer tubes. The actuation results from a specific processing of the tubes. First, the tubes are drawn, which enhances the anisotropy in their microstructure. Then, the tubes are twisted, and these twisted tubes can be used as a torsional actuator. Last, the twisted tubes are helically coiled into linear actuators. We call these linear actuators cavatappi artificial muscles based on their resemblance to the Italian pasta. After drawing and twisting, hydraulic or pneumatic pressure applied inside the tube results in localized untwisting of the helical microstructure. This untwisting manifests as a contraction of the helical pitch for the coiled configuration. Given the hydraulic or pneumatic activation source, these devices have the potential to substantially outperform similar thermally activated actuation technologies regarding actuation bandwidth, efficiency, modeling and controllability, and practical implementation. In this work, we show that cavatappi contracts more than 50% of its initial length and exhibits mechanical contractile efficiencies near 45%. We also demonstrate that cavatappi artificial muscles can exhibit a maximum specific work and power of 0.38 kilojoules per kilogram and 1.42 kilowatts per kilogram, respectively. Continued development of this technology will likely lead to even higher performance in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Artificial Organs ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biomimetic Materials ; Biomimetics ; Humans ; Hydrodynamics ; Microtechnology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Polymers/chemistry ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Robotics ; Smart Materials
    Chemical Substances Polymers ; Smart Materials
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2470-9476
    ISSN (online) 2470-9476
    DOI 10.1126/scirobotics.abd5383
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: How metaphorical framings build and undermine resilience during change: A longitudinal study of metaphors in team-driven planned organizational change.

    Malvini Redden, Shawna / Clark, Lou / Tracy, Sarah J / Shafer, Michael S

    Communication monographs

    2019  Volume 86, Issue 4, Page(s) 501–525

    Abstract: Change is a constant feature of organizing and one that requires resilience, or the ability to effectively face challenges. Although research demonstrates important findings about resilience during chaotic change like crises, less is known about ... ...

    Abstract Change is a constant feature of organizing and one that requires resilience, or the ability to effectively face challenges. Although research demonstrates important findings about resilience during chaotic change like crises, less is known about resilience in mundane situations like planned change. This study explores team-driven planned organizational change, offering insights about how team members metaphorically frame change how their framing fluctuates over time relative to perceptions of team success. Our three theoretical contributions extend theory about metaphors and organizational change, showing how negative framings of change are endemic to teams, regardless of perceived success; generate knowledge about resilience in organizing by showing how metaphors both build and undermine resilience; and extend applied theory about stakeholder participation in bureaucratic organizations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0363-7751
    ISSN 0363-7751
    DOI 10.1080/03637751.2019.1621361
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Framework for Multisector Alignment Research.

    Riley, William J / Love, Kailey / Runger, George / Shafer, Michael S / Pine, Kathleen / Mays, Glen

    Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP

    2020  Volume 27, Issue 5, Page(s) E205–E209

    Abstract: Context: Public health collaboratives are effective platforms to develop interventions for improving population health. Most collaboratives are limited to the public health and health care delivery sectors; however, multisector collaboratives are ... ...

    Abstract Context: Public health collaboratives are effective platforms to develop interventions for improving population health. Most collaboratives are limited to the public health and health care delivery sectors; however, multisector collaboratives are becoming more recognized as a strategy for combining efforts from medical, public health, social services, and other sectors.
    Program: Based on a 4-year multisector collaborative project, we identify concepts for widening the lens to conduct multisector alignment research. The goal of the collaborative was to address the serious care fragmentation and conflicting financing systems for persons with behavioral health disorders. Our work with these 7 sectors provides insight for creating a framework to conduct multisector alignment research for investigating how alignment problems can be identified, investigated, and applied to achieve systems alignment.
    Implementation: The multisector collaborative was undertaken in Maricopa County, encompassing Phoenix, Arizona, and consisted of more than 50 organizations representing 7 sectors.
    Evaluation: We develop a framework for systems alignment consisting of 4 dimensions (alignment problems, alignment mechanisms, alignment solutions, and goal attainment) and a vocabulary for implementing multisector alignment research. We then describe the interplay and reciprocity between the 4 dimensions.
    Discussion: This framework can be used by multisector collaboratives to help identify strategies, implement programs, and develop metrics to assess impact on population health and equity.
    MeSH term(s) Arizona ; Humans ; Population Health ; Public Health ; Social Work
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2027860-3
    ISSN 1550-5022 ; 1078-4659
    ISSN (online) 1550-5022
    ISSN 1078-4659
    DOI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001275
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Factors associated with the health service utilization of unsheltered, chronically homeless adults.

    Linton, Kristen Faye / Shafer, Michael S

    Social work in public health

    2014  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 73–80

    Abstract: Individuals who are chronically homeless have significantly higher rates of morbidity at significantly younger ages because they experience homelessness, physical and mental health impairments, and substance use disorders. The health status and health ... ...

    Abstract Individuals who are chronically homeless have significantly higher rates of morbidity at significantly younger ages because they experience homelessness, physical and mental health impairments, and substance use disorders. The health status and health service utilization of 260 unsheltered, chronically homeless individuals in a large southwestern, metropolitan community are reported. The behavioral model for vulnerable populations was used to conceptualize the factors associated with hospital, mental health, and substance abuse service utilization among the sample. Health insurance coverage was positively associated with the use of all health services. Other factors were also observed to exert differential relationships to health service utilization.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Arizona ; Female ; Health Care Surveys ; Health Services/utilization ; Homeless Persons/psychology ; Homeless Persons/statistics & numerical data ; Hospitals/utilization ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Mental Health Services/utilization ; Middle Aged ; Models, Psychological ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/utilization ; Vulnerable Populations ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2414992-5
    ISSN 1937-190X ; 1937-1918
    ISSN (online) 1937-190X
    ISSN 1937-1918
    DOI 10.1080/19371918.2011.619934
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Design and Implementation of a COVID-19 Case Investigation Program: An Academic-Public Health Partnership, Arizona, 2020.

    Ledesma, Daniela / Maroofi, Hanna / Sabin, Susanna / Dennehy, Timothy J / Truong, Jasmine M / Meyer, Laura G / Salik, McMillan / Scott, Sarah / White, Jessica R / Collins, Jennifer / Mrukowicz, Christina / Charifson, Mia / Shafer, Michael S / Jehn, Megan

    Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)

    2022  Volume 137, Issue 2, Page(s) 213–219

    Abstract: From May through July 2020, Arizona was a global hotspot for new COVID-19 cases. In response to the surge of cases, local public health departments looked for innovative ways to form external partnerships to address their staffing needs. In collaboration ...

    Abstract From May through July 2020, Arizona was a global hotspot for new COVID-19 cases. In response to the surge of cases, local public health departments looked for innovative ways to form external partnerships to address their staffing needs. In collaboration with the Maricopa County Department of Public Health, the Arizona State University Student Outbreak Response Team (SORT) created and implemented a virtual call center to conduct public health case investigations for COVID-19. SORT officially launched a dedicated COVID-19 case investigation program after 3 weeks of program design and training. From June 29 through November 8, 2020, SORT recruited and trained 218 case investigators, completed 5000 case patient interviews, and closed 10 000 cases. Our team also developed process improvements to address disparities in case investigation timeliness. A strong infrastructure designed to accommodate remote case investigations, paired with a large workforce, enabled SORT to provide additional surge capacity for the county's high volume of cases. University-driven multidisciplinary case investigator teams working in partnership with state, tribal, and local public health staff members can be an effective tool for supporting a diverse and growing public health workforce. We discuss the essential design factors involved in building a university program to complement local COVID-19 response efforts, including workflows for case management, volunteer case investigator recruitment and training, secure technology platforms for conducting case investigations remotely, and robust data-tracking procedures for maintaining quality control and timely case reporting.
    MeSH term(s) Arizona/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Call Centers/organization & administration ; Contact Tracing/methods ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Humans ; Intersectoral Collaboration ; Program Development ; Program Evaluation ; Public Health Practice ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Students ; Universities ; Volunteers ; Workforce/organization & administration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120953-x
    ISSN 1468-2877 ; 0033-3549
    ISSN (online) 1468-2877
    ISSN 0033-3549
    DOI 10.1177/00333549211068495
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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