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  1. Article ; Online: Multiplexed Raman Imaging in Tissues and Living Organisms.

    Shaffer, Travis M / Gambhir, Sanjiv S

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2021  Volume 2350, Page(s) 331–340

    Abstract: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) are ideal multiplexing probes for in vivo imaging and tissue staining. Their remarkable sensitivity and unique Raman molecular fingerprint results in minimal background compared to other ... ...

    Abstract Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) are ideal multiplexing probes for in vivo imaging and tissue staining. Their remarkable sensitivity and unique Raman molecular fingerprint results in minimal background compared to other optical modalities. These characteristics also allow multiplexing down to the attomolar concentration. Here we describe the synthesis and in vivo multiplexing application of a SERS NP library.
    MeSH term(s) Data Analysis ; Ligands ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Molecular Imaging/methods ; Molecular Probes ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; Workflow
    Chemical Substances Ligands ; Molecular Probes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-1593-5_21
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  2. Article: Radiances of Cerenkov-Emitting Isotopes on the IVIS.

    Pratt, Edwin C / Shaffer, Travis M / Bauer, David / Lewis, Jason S / Grimm, Jan

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Cerenkov (or Cherenkov) luminescence occurs when charged particles exceed the phase velocity of a given medium. Cerenkov has gained interest in preclinical space as well as in clinical trials for optical visualization of numerous radionuclides. However, ... ...

    Abstract Cerenkov (or Cherenkov) luminescence occurs when charged particles exceed the phase velocity of a given medium. Cerenkov has gained interest in preclinical space as well as in clinical trials for optical visualization of numerous radionuclides. However, Cerenkov intensity has to be inferred from alternative databases with energy emission spectra, or theoretical fluence estimates. Here we present the largest experimental dataset of Cerenkov emitting isotopes recorded using the IVIS optical imaging system. We report Cerenkov measurements spanning orders of magnitude normalized to the activity concentration for 21 Cerenkov emitting isotopes, covering electron, alpha, beta minus, and positron emissions. Isotopes measured include Carbon-11, Fluorine-18, Phosphorous-32, Scandium-47, Copper-64, Copper-67, Gallium-68, Arsenic-72, Bromine-76, Yttrium-86, Zirconium-89, Yttrium-90, Iodine-124, Iodine-131, Cerium-134, Lutetium-177, Lead-203, Lead-212, Radium-223, Actinium-225, and Thorium-227. We hope this updating resource will serve as a rank ordering for comparing isotopes for Cerenkov luminescence in the visible window and serve as a rule of thumb for comparing Cerenkov intensities in vitro and in vivo.
    Methods: All Cerenkov emitting radionuclides were either produced at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Carbon-11,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.01.18.524625
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  3. Article ; Online: PET Imaging of the Natural Killer Cell Activation Receptor NKp30.

    Shaffer, Travis M / Aalipour, Amin / Schürch, Christian M / Gambhir, Sanjiv S

    Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine

    2020  Volume 61, Issue 9, Page(s) 1348–1354

    Abstract: Redirecting the immune system in cancer treatment has led to remarkable responses in a subset of patients. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells being explored as they engage tumor cells in different mechanisms compared with T cells, which ... ...

    Abstract Redirecting the immune system in cancer treatment has led to remarkable responses in a subset of patients. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells being explored as they engage tumor cells in different mechanisms compared with T cells, which could be exploited for treatment of nonresponders to current immunotherapies. NK cell therapies are monitored through measuring peripheral NK cell concentrations or changes in tumor volume over time. The former does not detect NK cells at the tumor site, and the latter is inaccurate for immunotherapies because of pseudoprogression. Therefore, new imaging methods are required as companion diagnostics for optimizing immunotherapies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism ; Mice ; Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3/metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tissue Distribution
    Chemical Substances NCR3 protein, human ; Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80272-4
    ISSN 1535-5667 ; 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
    ISSN (online) 1535-5667
    ISSN 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
    DOI 10.2967/jnumed.119.233163
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  4. Article ; Online: Design and evaluation of Raman reporters for the Raman-silent region.

    Plakas, Konstantinos / Rosch, Lauren E / Clark, Michael D / Adbul-Rashed, Shukree / Shaffer, Travis M / Harmsen, Stefan / Gambhir, Sanjiv S / Detty, Michael R

    Nanotheranostics

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–9

    Abstract: Rationale: ...

    Abstract Rationale:
    MeSH term(s) Alkynes/chemistry ; Gold/chemistry ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods
    Chemical Substances Alkynes ; Gold (7440-57-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 2206-7418
    ISSN (online) 2206-7418
    DOI 10.7150/ntno.58965
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  5. Article ; Online: Continuous-Wave Coherent Raman Spectroscopy via Plasmonic Enhancement.

    Monfared, Yashar E / Shaffer, Travis M / Gambhir, Sanjiv S / Hewitt, Kevin C

    Scientific reports

    2019  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 12092

    Abstract: In this paper, we report a successful combination of stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using cw laser sources and gold/silica nanoparticles with embedded reporter molecules. We describe the preparation ... ...

    Abstract In this paper, we report a successful combination of stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using cw laser sources and gold/silica nanoparticles with embedded reporter molecules. We describe the preparation method for our gold/silica nanoparticles as well as the effect of probe wavelength, pump and probe power, polarization and sample concentration on the cwSESRS signal. Altogether, a stable ~12 orders of magnitude enhancement in the stimulated Raman signal is achieved because of the amplification of both pump and probe beams, leading to the detection of pico-molar nanoparticle concentrations, comparable to those of SERS. The coherent Raman spectra matches the incoherent conventional Raman spectra of the reporter molecules. Unlike conventional incoherent SERS this approach generates a coherent stimulated signal of microwatt intensities, opening the field to applications requiring a coherent beam, such as Molecular Holography.
    MeSH term(s) Gold/chemistry ; Lasers ; Longitudinal Studies ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods
    Chemical Substances Gold (7440-57-5) ; Silicon Dioxide (7631-86-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-019-48573-8
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  6. Article ; Online: Utilizing the power of Cerenkov light with nanotechnology.

    Shaffer, Travis M / Pratt, Edwin C / Grimm, Jan

    Nature nanotechnology

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 106–117

    Abstract: The characteristic blue glow of Cerenkov luminescence (CL) arises from the interaction between a charged particle travelling faster than the phase velocity of light and a dielectric medium, such as water or tissue. As CL emanates from a variety of ... ...

    Abstract The characteristic blue glow of Cerenkov luminescence (CL) arises from the interaction between a charged particle travelling faster than the phase velocity of light and a dielectric medium, such as water or tissue. As CL emanates from a variety of sources, such as cosmic events, particle accelerators, nuclear reactors and clinical radionuclides, it has been used in applications such as particle detection, dosimetry, and medical imaging and therapy. The combination of CL and nanoparticles for biomedicine has improved diagnosis and therapy, especially in oncological research. Although radioactive decay itself cannot be easily modulated, the associated CL can be through the use of nanoparticles, thus offering new applications in biomedical research. Advances in nanoparticles, metamaterials and photonic crystals have also yielded new behaviours of CL. Here, we review the physics behind Cerenkov luminescence and associated applications in biomedicine. We also show that by combining advances in nanotechnology and materials science with CL, new avenues for basic and applied sciences have opened.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2254964-X
    ISSN 1748-3395 ; 1748-3387
    ISSN (online) 1748-3395
    ISSN 1748-3387
    DOI 10.1038/nnano.2016.301
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  7. Article ; Online: Optical Imaging of Ionizing Radiation from Clinical Sources.

    Shaffer, Travis M / Drain, Charles Michael / Grimm, Jan

    Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine

    2016  Volume 57, Issue 11, Page(s) 1661–1666

    Abstract: Nuclear medicine uses ionizing radiation for both in vivo diagnosis and therapy. Ionizing radiation comes from a variety of sources, including x-rays, beam therapy, brachytherapy, and various injected radionuclides. Although PET and SPECT remain clinical ...

    Abstract Nuclear medicine uses ionizing radiation for both in vivo diagnosis and therapy. Ionizing radiation comes from a variety of sources, including x-rays, beam therapy, brachytherapy, and various injected radionuclides. Although PET and SPECT remain clinical mainstays, optical readouts of ionizing radiation offer numerous benefits and complement these standard techniques. Furthermore, for ionizing radiation sources that cannot be imaged using these standard techniques, optical imaging offers a unique imaging alternative. This article reviews optical imaging of both radionuclide- and beam-based ionizing radiation from high-energy photons and charged particles through mechanisms including radioluminescence, Cerenkov luminescence, and scintillation. Therapeutically, these visible photons have been combined with photodynamic therapeutic agents preclinically for increasing therapeutic response at depths difficult to reach with external light sources. Last, new microscopy methods that allow single-cell optical imaging of radionuclides are reviewed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Molecular Imaging/methods ; Optical Imaging/methods ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radioisotopes/analysis ; Radiometry/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Radioisotopes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80272-4
    ISSN 1535-5667 ; 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
    ISSN (online) 1535-5667
    ISSN 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
    DOI 10.2967/jnumed.116.178624
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    Zs.A 114: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Nanoparticles and radiotracers: advances toward radionanomedicine.

    Pratt, Edwin C / Shaffer, Travis M / Grimm, Jan

    Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology

    2016  Volume 8, Issue 6, Page(s) 872–890

    Abstract: In this study, we cover the convergence of radiochemistry for imaging and therapy with advances in nanoparticle (NP) design for biomedical applications. We first explore NP properties relevant for therapy and theranostics and emphasize the need for ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we cover the convergence of radiochemistry for imaging and therapy with advances in nanoparticle (NP) design for biomedical applications. We first explore NP properties relevant for therapy and theranostics and emphasize the need for biocompatibility. We then explore radionuclide-imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and Cerenkov luminescence (CL) with examples utilizing radiolabeled NP for imaging. PET and SPECT have served as diagnostic workhorses in the clinic, while preclinical NP design examples of multimodal imaging with radiotracers show promise in imaging and therapy. CL expands the types of radionuclides beyond PET and SPECT tracers to include high-energy electrons (β
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Theranostic Nanomedicine ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
    Chemical Substances Radiopharmaceuticals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2502698-7
    ISSN 1939-0041 ; 1939-5116
    ISSN (online) 1939-0041
    ISSN 1939-5116
    DOI 10.1002/wnan.1402
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    Zs.A 6781: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Nanoparticles as multimodal photon transducers of ionizing radiation.

    Pratt, Edwin C / Shaffer, Travis M / Zhang, Qize / Drain, Charles Michael / Grimm, Jan

    Nature nanotechnology

    2018  Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) 418–426

    Abstract: In biomedical imaging, nanoparticles combined with radionuclides that generate Cerenkov luminescence are used in diagnostic imaging, photon-induced therapies and as activatable probes. In these applications, the nanoparticle is often viewed as a carrier ... ...

    Abstract In biomedical imaging, nanoparticles combined with radionuclides that generate Cerenkov luminescence are used in diagnostic imaging, photon-induced therapies and as activatable probes. In these applications, the nanoparticle is often viewed as a carrier inert to ionizing radiation from the radionuclide. However, certain phenomena such as enhanced nanoparticle luminescence and generation of reactive oxygen species cannot be completely explained by Cerenkov luminescence interactions with nanoparticles. Herein, we report methods to examine the mechanisms of nanoparticle excitation by radionuclides, including interactions with Cerenkov luminescence, β particles and γ radiation. We demonstrate that β-scintillation contributes appreciably to excitation and reactivity in certain nanoparticle systems, and that excitation by radionuclides of nanoparticles composed of large atomic number atoms generates X-rays, enabling multiplexed imaging through single photon emission computed tomography. These findings demonstrate practical optical imaging and therapy using radionuclides with emission energies below the Cerenkov threshold, thereby expanding the list of applicable radionuclides.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; Humans ; Luminescence ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Nanoparticles/therapeutic use ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism ; Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology ; Photochemotherapy/methods ; X-Rays ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2254964-X
    ISSN 1748-3395 ; 1748-3387
    ISSN (online) 1748-3395
    ISSN 1748-3387
    DOI 10.1038/s41565-018-0086-2
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  10. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Environment-responsive nanophores for therapy and treatment monitoring via molecular MRI quenching.

    Kaittanis, Charalambos / Shaffer, Travis M / Ogirala, Anuja / Santra, Santimukul / Perez, J Manuel / Chiosis, Gabriela / Li, Yueming / Josephson, Lee / Grimm, Jan

    Nature communications

    2019  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 1867

    Abstract: This Article contains an error in Figure 6. In panel b, the left-hand image is mistakenly described as showing fluorescence before treatment, while it in fact shows the same white light image as the right-hand panel without fluorescent overlay to better ... ...

    Abstract This Article contains an error in Figure 6. In panel b, the left-hand image is mistakenly described as showing fluorescence before treatment, while it in fact shows the same white light image as the right-hand panel without fluorescent overlay to better visualize the tumour location. A correct version of Figure 6b is presented in the accompanying Author Correction. The error has not been corrected in the original version of the Article.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-09887-3
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