Article ; Online: Surface-Tailored Nanoplatform for the Diagnosis and Management of Stroke: Current Strategies and Future Outlook.
2023 Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 1383–1403
Abstract: Stroke accounts for one of the top leading reasons for neurological mortality and morbidity around the globe. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes lead to local hypoxia and are brought about by the occlusion or rupturing of the blood vessels. The events ...
| Abstract | Stroke accounts for one of the top leading reasons for neurological mortality and morbidity around the globe. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes lead to local hypoxia and are brought about by the occlusion or rupturing of the blood vessels. The events taking place after the onset of a stroke include membrane ion pump failure, calcium and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, increased ROS production causing DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, development of brain edema, and microvascular dysfunction. To date, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) therapy and mechanical removal of blood clots are the only clinically available stroke therapies, approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). But because of the narrow therapeutic window of around 4.5 h for tPA therapy and complications like systemic bleeding and anaphylaxis, more clinical trials are ongoing in the same field. Therefore, using nanocarriers with diverse physicochemical properties is a promising strategy in treating and diagnosing stroke as they can efficiently bypass the tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) through mechanisms like receptor-mediated transcytosis and help achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. In this review, we will mainly focus on the pathophysiology of stroke, BBB alterations following stroke, strategies to target BBB for stroke therapies, different types of nanocarriers currently being used for therapeutic intervention of stroke, and biomarkers as well as imaging techniques used for the detection and diagnosis of stroke. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Humans ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy ; Stroke/diagnosis ; Stroke/therapy ; Stroke/complications ; Hemorrhage/complications ; Blood-Brain Barrier |
| Chemical Substances | Tissue Plasminogen Activator (EC 3.4.21.68) |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2023-09-14 |
| Publishing country | United States |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Review |
| ZDB-ID | 645020-9 |
| ISSN | 1559-1182 ; 0893-7648 |
| ISSN (online) | 1559-1182 |
| ISSN | 0893-7648 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12035-023-03635-x |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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