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Article: New Developments in Emotion-Focused Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder.

Shahar, Ben

2020 Volume 9, Issue 9

Abstract: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly complex, chronic, disabling and costly anxiety disorder. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for many patients, many others do not respond to CBT or remain considerably symptomatic at the end ...

Abstract	Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly complex, chronic, disabling and costly anxiety disorder. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for many patients, many others do not respond to CBT or remain considerably symptomatic at the end of treatment. Pharmacological effects are also modest. More empirically-supported treatment options are needed in order to increase patient access to effective treatment. Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) shows great promise in treating SAD effectively and is particularly suitable for treating SAD because pervasive emotional avoidance, difficulties with emotional differentiation, and high levels of self-criticism, which are central psychopathological processes in SAD, are also primary therapeutic targets in EFT. EFT is based on the assumption that the most efficient way to change a maladaptive emotion is not through reason or skill learning, but through the activation of other, more adaptive emotions. EFT aims to access shame-based emotional memories that underlie SAD, and transform them by exposing them to new adaptive emotional experiences, such as empowering assertive anger, grief, and self-compassion. In this paper, the core features of EFT for SAD are presented, as well as the EFT view of dysfunction in SAD and EFT change processes. Research findings regarding the effectiveness of EFT for SAD are presented together with initial findings regarding mechanisms of change occurring during treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm9092918
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Drainage explains soil liquefaction beyond the earthquake near-field

Shahar Ben-Zeev / Liran Goren / Renaud Toussaint / Einat Aharonov

Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Earthquake-induced soil-liquefaction is a devastating phenomenon associated with loss of soil rigidity due to seismic shaking, resulting in catastrophic liquid-like soil deformation. Traditionally, liquefaction is viewed as an effectively ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Earthquake-induced soil-liquefaction is a devastating phenomenon associated with loss of soil rigidity due to seismic shaking, resulting in catastrophic liquid-like soil deformation. Traditionally, liquefaction is viewed as an effectively undrained process. However, since undrained liquefaction only initiates under high energy density, most earthquake liquefaction events remain unexplained, since they initiate far from the earthquake epicenter, under low energy density. Here we show that liquefaction can occur under drained conditions at remarkably low seismic-energy density, offering a general explanation for earthquake far-field liquefaction. Drained conditions promote interstitial fluid flow across the soil during earthquakes, leading to excess pore pressure gradients and loss of soil strength. Drained liquefaction is triggered rapidly and controlled by a propagating compaction front, whose velocity depends on the seismic-energy injection rate. Our findings highlight the importance of considering soil liquefaction under a spectrum of drainage conditions, with critical implications for liquefaction potential assessments and hazards.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Cohort data on divorce among first, second and higher order marriages in Norway 1981 until 2013.

Zahl-Olsen, Rune / Shahar, Ben

Data in brief

2021 Volume 38, Page(s) 107340

Abstract: This article present prospective data on all Norwegian two sex-marriages that was formed from 1981 to 2013, all together more than 770 000 marriages, with yearly follow up for until 32 years. Four different categories of marriages and remarriages were ... ...

Abstract	This article present prospective data on all Norwegian two sex-marriages that was formed from 1981 to 2013, all together more than 770 000 marriages, with yearly follow up for until 32 years. Four different categories of marriages and remarriages were investigated: First time for both spouses, first time for one and second time for the other, second time for both, and third time or more for at least one in the couple. The data stems from a special order from Statistics Norway and marriages formed within one calendar year are combined to cohorts where each couple were checked for each successive year if the same two individuals were still married to each other. The data holds the original population for each of the 33 cohorts and number of divorced couples for each year of follow up.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409 ; 2352-3409
ISSN (online)	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2021.107340
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Article: Integrated biofilters with Ulva and periphyton to improve nitrogen removal from mariculture effluent

Shahar, Ben / Guttman, Lior

Aquaculture. 2021 Feb. 15, v. 532

2021

Abstract: Biofilters composed of Ulva or periphyton reveal great potential in removal of excess nitrogen in mariculture effluent while producing protein-rich edible biomass. However, TAN depletion is requisite to improve nitrate removal performance. In the current ...

Abstract	Biofilters composed of Ulva or periphyton reveal great potential in removal of excess nitrogen in mariculture effluent while producing protein-rich edible biomass. However, TAN depletion is requisite to improve nitrate removal performance. In the current study we compared the contribution of Ulva fasciata and periphyton in removal of nitrogen, particularly in the form of nitrate, from fishpond effluent. For this purpose, we integrated U. fasciata or periphyton as a secondary biofilter downstream to a primary U. fasciata biofilter, and measured growth and nutrient removal performance in each of these two-step biofilters and in their constitutuent biofiltration units. The upstream U. fasciata biofilters removed nearly all TAN from fishpond effluent, leaving less than 5 μM of TAN but excess NO₃-N in the effluent leaving these biofilters for the downstream biofilters. The downstream U. fasciata biofilter removed 76% of NO₃-N from its inlet water. While this was about three times more efficient than its periphyton counterpart, the periphyton's specific removal rate of this nutrient (1.5 g NO₃-N g⁻¹ DW d⁻¹) was much faster than that of U. fasciata. Overall, integration of two sequenced U. fasciata biofilters (‘Ulva-Ulva’) yielded more biomass and removed more nitrogen than the Ulva-periphyton biofilter (removing 25 vs. 18 g N wk.⁻¹, respectively). Despite the differences in N removal rate and efficiency, the protein level in upstream U. fasciata and downstream periphyton was relatively similar (~25% DW), while somewhat lower in the downstream U. fasciata. Results of the current study favour the two-step U. fasciata biofilter, but periphyton's faster specific removal of NO₃-N and its contribution to oxygen generation should not exclude further improvement of this technology.
Keywords	Ulva ; ammonium nitrogen ; biofilters ; biofiltration ; biomass ; fish ponds ; mariculture ; nitrate nitrogen ; nitrates ; nitrogen ; oxygen ; periphyton ; protein content
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0215
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	185380-6
ISSN	0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
ISSN	0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
DOI	10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: An integrated, two-step biofiltration system with Ulva fasciata for sequenced removal of ammonia and nitrate in mariculture effluents

Shahar, Ben / Guttman, Lior

Algal research. 2020 Dec., v. 52

2020

Abstract: Secondary treatment of fishpond effluent is imperative for the removal of excess nitrate and phosphorus. Biofilters comprised of the green macroalgae, Ulva, exhibit several advantages for this process, including usability of the produced edible biomass. ... ...

Abstract	Secondary treatment of fishpond effluent is imperative for the removal of excess nitrate and phosphorus. Biofilters comprised of the green macroalgae, Ulva, exhibit several advantages for this process, including usability of the produced edible biomass. However, even low levels of ammonia in fishpond effluent inhibit the uptake of nitrate by Ulva. In order to overcome this drawback we examined Ulva faciata in a two-step biofiltration system. The biofiltration system comprised of two sequenced tanks where the upstream Ulva biofilter was fed directly with mariculture effluent containing both ammonia (as total ammonium nitrogen - TAN) and nitrate (as NO₃-N) and the TAN-depleted but NO₃-N-rich effluent from this biofilter were transferred to the downstream Ulva biofilter. The performance of each separate Ulva biofilter as well as that of the whole system was measured on a weekly regime over a culture period of three weeks. Between 81 and 95% of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (TAN + NO₃-N) in mariculture effluent was removed by the two-step biofilter, with specific removal of 89–100% of TAN and 57–78% of NO₃-N in mariculture effluent by the upstream and downstream Ulva, respectively. Exposure of Ulva in upstream biofilters to higher N input with both TAN and NO₃-N did not affect algal production rate, which was relatively similar to that in downstream biofilters fed with TAN-depleted, NO₃-N-rich effluent, with mean specific growth rate of 17.85% d⁻¹ (±3.1) in the different biofilters. Removal rates of TAN or NO₃-N by upstream and downstream Ulva, respectively, were relatively similar, between 90 and 135 mmol N m⁻² d⁻¹, while PO₄-P removal was much faster in downstream Ulva biofilters having only NO₃-N as a N source. While TAN removal induced production of Ulva biomass with higher N, P and protein content, culture in NO₃-N-rich effluent resulted in Ulva biomass with higher lipid content.
Keywords	Ulva ; ammonia ; ammonium nitrogen ; biofilters ; biofiltration ; biomass ; dissolved inorganic nitrogen ; effluents ; fish ponds ; lipid content ; macroalgae ; mariculture ; nitrates ; phosphorus ; protein content ; research ; specific growth rate ; tanks
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ISSN	2211-9264
DOI	10.1016/j.algal.2020.102120
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Simplified and cost-effective modulatory photobioreactor setup for upscaling microalgal culture for research and semi-industrial purposes

Shahar, Ben / Haim, Eyal / Kuc, Martin E. / Azerrad, Sara P. / Dudai, N. / Kurzbaum, Eyal

Algal Research. 2023 July, v. 74 p.103200-

2023

Abstract: Algal biomass and algal substances attract much interest from researchers, entrepreneurs, and farmers. Macroalgal biomass can be collected from the wild or cultivated in open tanks with a relatively low risk of contamination; however, achieving a ... ...

Abstract	Algal biomass and algal substances attract much interest from researchers, entrepreneurs, and farmers. Macroalgal biomass can be collected from the wild or cultivated in open tanks with a relatively low risk of contamination; however, achieving a sufficient amount of microalgal biomass is much more challenging, as the study of algal substances requires rather large amounts of biomass for extraction procedures and analyses. Due to budgetary constraints, most research institutes cannot afford to purchase large-scale ready-for-use photobioreactors, and knowledge regarding the self-construction and operation of such systems is not commonly shared. For this purpose, we present a straightforward, cost-effective methodology for modulatory mid-scale microalgal cultivation, using low-cost materials and instruments existing in most laboratories. We purchased a long polyethylene sleeve roll to assemble the photobioreactors and trimmed it to individual sleeves containing up to 20 L of culture medium each. A large medium volume was sterilized using commercial bleach (sodium hypochlorite), followed by dechlorination with thiosulfate. After a cultivation period of 7–14 days, flocculation induction was achieved by adding calcium hydroxide to facilitate an efficient harvest process. Cultures were enriched with CO₂ in response to increasing pH throughout the cultivation process using a simple controller. Using an isolate of one of our species of interest, Mucidosphaerium pulchellum, we demonstrated how using one pH regulatory system can regulate a set of cultures (each in a different sleeve) to remain in the pH range 7.4–8.1 while saving CO₂. This economical CO₂-enrichment method increased algal growth rates by 23 %, reaching ca. 20 % higher total suspended solids compared to air-supplemented cultures. Such a cultivation system can be implemented with a surprisingly low budget of only USD800, efficiently producing hundreds of grams of biomass per cultivation period to support research on highly nutritious substances production and bioactive compounds discovery.
Keywords	algae culture ; biomass ; calcium hydroxide ; carbon dioxide ; cost effectiveness ; culture media ; dechlorination ; flocculation ; macroalgae ; microalgae ; pH ; photobioreactors ; polyethylene ; research ; risk ; sodium hypochlorite ; thiosulfates ; Algae ; Sleeve ; Cultivation ; CO2 enrichment ; Production
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	2211-9264
DOI	10.1016/j.algal.2023.103200
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Emotion-focused therapy for the treatment of social anxiety: an overview of the model and a case description.

Shahar, Ben

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy

2014 Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) 536–547

Abstract: Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is an integrative and experiential treatment approach that views emotions as fundamentally adaptive and privileges attention to, and exploration of, emotional experiences. EFT has been demonstrated to be efficacious with ... ...

Abstract	Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is an integrative and experiential treatment approach that views emotions as fundamentally adaptive and privileges attention to, and exploration of, emotional experiences. EFT has been demonstrated to be efficacious with depression, interpersonal trauma and marital discord, but application to anxiety disorders is in its initial stages. The purpose of this paper is to present the main principles of using EFT with socially anxious patients and to make the case that EFT is particularly well suited for working with this patient group. The primary change processes in EFT for social anxiety include improving emotion awareness, reducing experiential avoidance and the activation and transformation of shame that underlies the symptomatic anxiety. Such processes lead to less self-criticism, to more self-compassion and self-soothing and to a more favourable perception of the self. A case example is used to illustrate how these principles were applied with a socially anxious patient.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety Disorders/therapy ; Emotions ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychotherapy/methods ; Shame ; Social Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1169313-7
ISSN	1099-0879 ; 1063-3995
ISSN (online)	1099-0879
ISSN	1063-3995
DOI	10.1002/cpp.1853
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Article: Cohort data on divorce among first, second and higher order marriages in Norway 1981 until 2013

Zahl-Olsen, Rune / Shahar, Ben

Data in Brief. 2021 Oct., v. 38

2021

Abstract	This article present prospective data on all Norwegian two sex-marriages that was formed from 1981 to 2013, all together more than 770 000 marriages, with yearly follow up for until 32 years. Four different categories of marriages and remarriages were investigated: First time for both spouses, first time for one and second time for the other, second time for both, and third time or more for at least one in the couple. The data stems from a special order from Statistics Norway and marriages formed within one calendar year are combined to cohorts where each couple were checked for each successive year if the same two individuals were still married to each other. The data holds the original population for each of the 33 cohorts and number of divorced couples for each year of follow up.
Keywords	divorce ; statistics ; Norway
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2021.107340
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Article ; Online: The multifaceted role of empathy in the transmission of postpartum depressive symptoms between parents.

Zamir, Osnat / Szepsenwol, Ohad / Shahar, Ben / Lassri, Dana / Shai, Dana

Family process

2022 Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 851–864

Abstract: Postpartum depression is a common challenge faced by mothers and fathers and can be transmitted between them. Despite the well-documented adverse effects of postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) on parents and children, not much is known about risk ... ...

Abstract	Postpartum depression is a common challenge faced by mothers and fathers and can be transmitted between them. Despite the well-documented adverse effects of postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) on parents and children, not much is known about risk factors pertaining to the transmission of PPDS between parents. Guided by The Social Functions of Emotions theory, the current study tested the moderating effects of different forms of empathy, including perspective-taking, empathic concern, and personal distress on the transmission of PPDS between parents. Pairs of first-time Israeli parents (N = 105) completed self-report questionnaires assessing emotional (personal distress and empathic concern) and cognitive (perspective-taking) empathy during the third trimester and PPDS at three and six months postpartum. The results showed that in both parents, greater PPDS at 6 months were predicted by one's own greater personal distress. Also, lower perspective-taking and greater empathic concern of fathers predicted their own PPDS. Furthermore, the associations of PPDS at 3 months with PPDS at 6 months between parents occurred when fathers reported lower levels of personal distress and when mothers reported greater perspective-taking. Also, when mothers were lower in perspective-taking, greater PPDS at 3 months in fathers predicted lower levels of PPDS in mothers at 6 months. The study reflects the multifaceted role of empathy in the development of PPDS in new parents and highlights the potentially adverse effects of emotional and cognitive empathy on the development of PPDS in parents.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Child ; Humans ; Empathy ; Depression/psychology ; Parents/psychology ; Mothers/psychology ; Postpartum Period
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	212740-4
ISSN	1545-5300 ; 0014-7370
ISSN (online)	1545-5300
ISSN	0014-7370
DOI	10.1111/famp.12814
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Article ; Online: Olive Mill Wastewater Extract as a Potential Mosquito Larvicide.

Silberbush, Alon / Halabi, Maram / Shteindel, Nimrod / Gerchman, Yoram / Azaizeh, Hassan / Shahar, Ben / Kurzbaum, Eyal

Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology

2023 Volume 48, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–144

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Wastewater ; Olea ; Plant Extracts
Chemical Substances	Wastewater ; Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2212806-2
ISSN	1948-7134 ; 1081-1710
ISSN (online)	1948-7134
ISSN	1081-1710
DOI	10.52707/1081-1710-48.2.141
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