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  1. Article ; Online: Health Benefits of Dietary Fiber for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

    Kafayat Yusuf / Subhrajit Saha / Shahid Umar

    Biomedicines, Vol 10, Iss 1242, p

    2022  Volume 1242

    Abstract: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two components of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are painful conditions that affect children and adults. Despite substantial research, there is no permanent cure for IBD, and patients face an increased ...

    Abstract Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two components of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are painful conditions that affect children and adults. Despite substantial research, there is no permanent cure for IBD, and patients face an increased risk of colon cancer. Dietary fiber’s health advantages have been thoroughly investigated, and it is recommended for its enormous health benefits. This review article discusses the importance of appropriate fiber intake in managing IBD, emphasizing how optimal fiber consumption can significantly help IBD patients.
    Keywords inflammatory bowel disease ; diet ; gut microbiome ; colon cancer ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Psychrophilic Bacterial Phosphate-Biofertilizers

    Asfa Rizvi / Bilal Ahmed / Mohammad Saghir Khan / Shahid Umar / Jintae Lee

    Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2451, p

    A Novel Extremophile for Sustainable Crop Production under Cold Environment

    2021  Volume 2451

    Abstract: Abiotic stresses, including low-temperature environments, adversely affect the structure, composition, and physiological activities of soil microbiomes. Also, low temperatures disturb physiological and metabolic processes, leading to major crop losses ... ...

    Abstract Abiotic stresses, including low-temperature environments, adversely affect the structure, composition, and physiological activities of soil microbiomes. Also, low temperatures disturb physiological and metabolic processes, leading to major crop losses worldwide. Extreme cold temperature habitats are, however, an interesting source of psychrophilic and psychrotolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) that can ameliorate the low-temperature conditions while maintaining their physiological activities. The production of antifreeze proteins and expression of stress-induced genes at low temperatures favors the survival of such organisms during cold stress. The ability to facilitate plant growth by supplying a major plant nutrient, phosphorus, in P-deficient soil is one of the novel functional properties of cold-tolerant PSB. By contrast, plants growing under stress conditions require cold-tolerant rhizosphere bacteria to enhance their performance. To this end, the use of psychrophilic PSB formulations has been found effective in yield optimization under temperature-stressed conditions. Most of the research has been done on microbial P biofertilizers impacting plant growth under normal cultivation practices but little attention has been paid to the plant growth-promoting activities of cold-tolerant PSB on crops growing in low-temperature environments. This scientific gap formed the basis of the present manuscript and explains the rationale for the introduction of cold-tolerant PSB in competitive agronomic practices, including the mechanism of solubilization/mineralization, release of biosensor active biomolecules, molecular engineering of PSB for increasing both P solubilizing/mineralizing efficiency, and host range. The impact of extreme cold on the physiological activities of plants and how plants overcome such stresses is discussed briefly. It is time to enlarge the prospects of psychrophilic/psychrotolerant phosphate biofertilizers and take advantage of their precious, fundamental, and economical but enormous ...
    Keywords abiotic stress ; psychrophiles ; phosphate solubilizers ; crop nutrition ; plant growth regulators ; molecular engineering ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Dietary Interventions Ameliorate Infectious Colitis by Restoring the Microbiome and Promoting Stem Cell Proliferation in Mice

    Ishfaq Ahmed / Kafayat Yusuf / Badal C. Roy / Jason Stubbs / Shrikant Anant / Thomas M. Attard / Venkatesh Sampath / Shahid Umar

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 339, p

    2022  Volume 339

    Abstract: Decreases in short-chain-fatty-acids (SCFAs) are linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Yet, the mechanisms through which SCFAs promote wound healing, orchestrated by intestinal stem cells, are poorly understood. We discovered that, in mice with ... ...

    Abstract Decreases in short-chain-fatty-acids (SCFAs) are linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Yet, the mechanisms through which SCFAs promote wound healing, orchestrated by intestinal stem cells, are poorly understood. We discovered that, in mice with Citrobacter rodentium (CR)-induced infectious colitis, treatment with Pectin and Tributyrin diets reduced the severity of colitis by restoring Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and by increasing mucus production. RNA-seq in young adult mouse colon (YAMC) cells identified higher expression of Lgr4, Lgr6, DCLK1, Muc2, and SIGGIR after Butyrate treatment. Lineage tracing in CR-infected Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2/ROSA26-LacZ ( Lgr5-R ) mice also revealed an expansion of LacZ -labeled Lgr5(+) stem cells in the colons of both Pectin and Tributyrin-treated mice compared to control. Interestingly, gut microbiota was required for Pectin but not Tributyrin-induced Lgr5(+) stem cell expansion. YAMC cells treated with sodium butyrate exhibited increased Lgr5 promoter reporter activity due to direct Butyrate binding with Lgr5 at −4.0 Kcal/mol, leading to thermal stabilization. Upon ChIP-seq, H3K4me3 increased near Lgr5 transcription start site that contained the consensus binding motif for a transcriptional activator of Lgr5 (SPIB). Thus, a multitude of effects on gut microbiome, differential gene expression, and/or expansion of Lgr5(+) stem cells seem to underlie amelioration of colitis following dietary intervention.
    Keywords intestinal stem cells ; lgr5 ; gut microbiome ; Citrobacter rodentium ; colitis ; Pectin ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 571 ; 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Bioprospecting Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Enhancing the Biological Properties and Phytochemical Composition of Medicinally Important Crops

    Asfa Rizvi / Bilal Ahmed / Mohammad Saghir Khan / Hossam S. El-Beltagi / Shahid Umar / Jintae Lee

    Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 1407, p

    2022  Volume 1407

    Abstract: Traditionally, medicinal plants have long been used as a natural therapy. Plant-derived extracts or phytochemicals have been exploited as food additives and for curing many health-related ailments. The secondary metabolites produced by many plants have ... ...

    Abstract Traditionally, medicinal plants have long been used as a natural therapy. Plant-derived extracts or phytochemicals have been exploited as food additives and for curing many health-related ailments. The secondary metabolites produced by many plants have become an integral part of human health and have strengthened the value of plant extracts as herbal medicines. To fulfil the demand of health care systems, food and pharmaceutical industries, interest in the cultivation of precious medicinal plants to harvest bio-active compounds has increased considerably worldwide. To achieve maximum biomass and yield, growers generally apply chemical fertilizers which have detrimental impacts on the growth, development and phytoconstituents of such therapeutically important plants. Application of beneficial rhizosphere microbiota is an alternative strategy to enhance the production of valuable medicinal plants under both conventional and stressed conditions due to its low cost, environmentally friendly behaviour and non-destructive impact on fertility of soil, plants and human health. The microbiological approach improves plant growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms involving the abatement of various abiotic stresses. Given the negative impacts of fertilizers and multiple benefits of microbiological resources, the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the production of biomass and their impact on the quality of bio-active compounds (phytochemicals) and mitigation of abiotic stress to herbal plants have been described in this review. The PGPR based enhancement in the herbal products has potential for use as a low cost phytomedicine which can be used to improve health care systems.
    Keywords medicinal plants ; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; bioformulations ; synergism ; plant growth regulators ; herbal medicines ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Secondary Bile Acids and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon

    Huawei Zeng / Shahid Umar / Bret Rust / Darina Lazarova / Michael Bordonaro

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 5, p

    A Focus on Colonic Microbiome, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, and Cancer

    2019  Volume 1214

    Abstract: Secondary bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), two major types of bacterial metabolites in the colon, cause opposing effects on colonic inflammation at chronically high physiological levels. Primary BAs play critical roles in cholesterol ...

    Abstract Secondary bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), two major types of bacterial metabolites in the colon, cause opposing effects on colonic inflammation at chronically high physiological levels. Primary BAs play critical roles in cholesterol metabolism, lipid digestion, and host–microbe interaction. Although BAs are reabsorbed via enterohepatic circulation, primary BAs serve as substrates for bacterial biotransformation to secondary BAs in the colon. High-fat diets increase secondary BAs, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), which are risk factors for colonic inflammation and cancer. In contrast, increased dietary fiber intake is associated with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. These effects may be due to the increased production of the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate during dietary fiber fermentation in the colon. Elucidation of the molecular events by which secondary BAs and SCFAs regulate colonic cell proliferation and inflammation will lead to a better understanding of the anticancer potential of dietary fiber in the context of high-fat diet-related colon cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the effects of secondary BAs and SCFAs on the proliferation of colon epithelial cells, inflammation, cancer, and the associated microbiome.
    Keywords bile acids ; butyrate ; colon cancer ; microbiome ; inflammation ; obesity ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Honokiol Affects Stem Cell Viability by Suppressing Oncogenic YAP1 Function to Inhibit Colon Tumorigenesis

    Dharmalingam Subramaniam / Sivapriya Ponnurangam / Satish Ramalingam / Deep Kwatra / Prasad Dandawate / Scott J. Weir / Shahid Umar / Roy A. Jensen / Shrikant Anant

    Cells, Vol 10, Iss 1607, p

    2021  Volume 1607

    Abstract: Honokiol (HNK) is a biphenolic compound that has been used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments, including cancers. In this study, we determined the effect of HNK on colon cancer cells in culture and in a colitis-associated cancer model. ...

    Abstract Honokiol (HNK) is a biphenolic compound that has been used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments, including cancers. In this study, we determined the effect of HNK on colon cancer cells in culture and in a colitis-associated cancer model. HNK treatment inhibited proliferation and colony formation while inducing apoptosis. In addition, HNK suppressed colonosphere formation. Molecular docking suggests that HNK interacts with reserve stem cell marker protein DCLK1, with a binding energy of −7.0 Kcal/mol. In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that HNK suppressed the DCLK1 kinase activity. HNK also suppressed the expression of additional cancer stem cell marker proteins LGR5 and CD44. The Hippo signaling pathway is active in intestinal stem cells. In the canonical pathway, YAP1 is phosphorylated at Ser127 by upstream Mst1/2 and Lats1/2. This results in the sequestration of YAP1 in the cytoplasm, thereby not allowing YAP1 to translocate to the nucleus and interact with TEAD1-4 transcription factors to induce gene expression. However, HNK suppressed Ser127 phosphorylation in YAP1, but the protein remains sequestered in the cytoplasm. We further determined that this occurs by YAP1 interacting with PUMA. To determine if this also occurs in vivo, we performed studies in an AOM/DSS induced colitis-associated cancer model. HNK administered by oral gavage at a dose of 5mg/kg bw for 24 weeks demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of YAP1 and TEAD1 and in the stem marker proteins. Together, these data suggest that HNK prevents colon tumorigenesis in part by inducing PUMA-YAP1 interaction and cytoplasmic sequestration, thereby suppressing the oncogenic YAP1 activity.
    Keywords apoptosis ; cancer stem cells ; colonospheres ; spheroids ; colitis associated cancer ; hippo signaling ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Genetic, Developmental and Temporal Variability in Nitrate Accumulation and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Medicinal Herb Andrographis paniculata

    SAREER, Ovais / Nirit BERNSTEIN / Sayeed AHMAD / Shahid UMAR

    Soil Science Society of China Pedosphere. 2016 Dec., v. 26, no. 6

    2016  

    Abstract: There is a growing concern over the presence of high concentrations of nitrate in orally consumed herbal remedies. Since nitrate accumulation in the plant body can vary with spatial location in plant and plant development and temporally with photoperiod, ...

    Abstract There is a growing concern over the presence of high concentrations of nitrate in orally consumed herbal remedies. Since nitrate accumulation in the plant body can vary with spatial location in plant and plant development and temporally with photoperiod, understanding the relations between these factors and nitrate contents in the consumed herbs are vital for the development of agrotechnical strategies for nitrate avoidance. Therefore, the distribution profiles of nitrate content and nitrate reductase (NR) activity were analyzed in 14 accessions of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees., a medicinal plant widely used as a component of many herbal teas and medicinal infusions. Significant variation in nitrate accumulation in the plant was observed between the accessions, and most contained nitrate levels beyond the safety limit recommended according to the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food. Nitrate content increased with plant development and leaf age, and that in leaf segment was higher in the middle of the leaf than at its tip or base; the nitrate concentration in plant organ followed the order of petiole < leaf < stem, and it was lower at mid-day than in the early morning or evening. Gradients of NR activity were negatively correlated with nitrate content in all studied temporal and spatial profiles. Identification of the characteristic spatial and developmental profiles of nitrate accumulation and NR activity in A. paniculata can guide the development of harvest strategies, aiming at minimizing nitrate contents in the consumed herbal tissue.
    Keywords Andrographis paniculata ; enzyme activity ; herbal tea ; herbs ; medicinal plants ; nitrate reductase ; nitrates ; petioles ; photoperiod ; plant development ; temporal variation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-12
    Size p. 839-847.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1090441-4
    ISSN 1002-0160
    ISSN 1002-0160
    DOI 10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60089-3
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Nitrate accumulation pattern in Brassica under nitrogen treatments

    Mazahar, Samina / Muhammad Iqbal / Ovais Sareer / Shahid Umar

    Revista brasileira de botânica. 2015 Sept., v. 38, no. 3

    2015  

    Abstract: Besides being a rich food source of vital nutrients, many green leafy vegetables are nitrate accumulators. This study is focused on genotypic variability in nitrate accumulation and the diurnal rhythm of nitrate content in different Brassica genotypes. ... ...

    Abstract Besides being a rich food source of vital nutrients, many green leafy vegetables are nitrate accumulators. This study is focused on genotypic variability in nitrate accumulation and the diurnal rhythm of nitrate content in different Brassica genotypes. Out of 10 genotypes grown under the same environmental conditions, a high-nitrate-accumulating (HNA) and a low-nitrate-accumulating (LNA) genotypes (designated as G5 and G8, respectively) were selected to determine the effect of various N fertilization rates on the nitrate accumulation pattern in different edible parts of these genotypes. Petiole accumulated the maximum nitrate and should therefore be discarded in order to avoid excess nitrate intake by humans. A low dose of nitrogen fertilizers is advised for HNA genotypes at the time of sowing, because nitrate accumulation attains unsafe levels at higher doses. Nitrate content increased with advancing age of the plant and therefore harvesting should preferably be done at an early age. A separate experiment was conducted to determine the role of light intensity in regulating the nitrate level in the genotypes studied. The plants kept in shade accumulated comparatively more nitrate than those kept in sunlight, showing an inverse relationship between light intensity and nitrate accumulation. The results indicate that LNA genotypes should be preferred for human consumption.
    Keywords Brassica ; circadian rhythm ; environmental factors ; fertilizer rates ; genetic variation ; genotype ; green leafy vegetables ; harvesting ; humans ; light intensity ; nitrates ; nitrogen fertilizers ; nutrients ; petioles ; solar radiation ; sowing date
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-09
    Size p. 479-486.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2686406-X
    ISSN 1806-9959 ; 0100-8404
    ISSN (online) 1806-9959
    ISSN 0100-8404
    DOI 10.1007/s40415-015-0165-7
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Nitrogen availability regulates proline and ethylene production and alleviates salinity stress in mustard (Brassica juncea)

    Iqbal, Noushina / Nafees A. Khan / Shahid Umar

    Journal of plant physiology. 2015 Apr. 15, v. 178

    2015  

    Abstract: Proline content and ethylene production have been shown to be involved in salt tolerance mechanisms in plants. To assess the role of nitrogen (N) in the protection of photosynthesis under salt stress, the effect of N (0, 5, 10, 20mM) on proline and ... ...

    Abstract Proline content and ethylene production have been shown to be involved in salt tolerance mechanisms in plants. To assess the role of nitrogen (N) in the protection of photosynthesis under salt stress, the effect of N (0, 5, 10, 20mM) on proline and ethylene was studied in mustard (Brassica juncea). Sufficient N (10mM) optimized proline production under non-saline conditions through an increase in proline-metabolizing enzymes, leading to osmotic balance and protection of photosynthesis through optimal ethylene production. Excess N (20mM), in the absence of salt stress, inhibited photosynthesis and caused higher ethylene evolution but lower proline production compared to sufficient N. In contrast, under salt stress with an increased demand for N, excess N optimized ethylene production, which regulates the proline content resulting in recovered photosynthesis. The effect of excess N on photosynthesis under salt stress was further substantiated by the application of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, 1-aminoethoxy vinylglycine (AVG), which inhibited proline production and photosynthesis. Without salt stress, AVG promoted photosynthesis in plants receiving excess N by inhibiting stress ethylene production. The results suggest that a regulatory interaction exists between ethylene, proline and N for salt tolerance. Nitrogen differentially regulates proline production and ethylene formation to alleviate the adverse effect of salinity on photosynthesis in mustard.
    Keywords adverse effects ; Brassica juncea ; enzymes ; ethylene ; ethylene production ; nitrogen ; photosynthesis ; proline ; salinity ; salt stress ; salt tolerance
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-0415
    Size p. 84-91.
    Publishing place Elsevier GmbH
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 283647-6
    ISSN 1618-1328 ; 0176-1617
    ISSN (online) 1618-1328
    ISSN 0176-1617
    DOI 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.02.006
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: Variation in ornamental traits, physiological responses of Tagetes erecta L. and T. patula L. in relation to antioxidant and metabolic profile under deficit irrigation strategies

    Yasheshwar / M.P. Sharma / Sayeed Ahmad / Shahid Umar / Washim Khan

    Scientia horticulturae. 2017 Jan. 05, v. 214

    2017  

    Abstract: The present study evaluated the effect of deficit irrigation strategies on the ornamental traits, physiological, biochemical and antiradical potential of two cultivars PNG and MGO of Tagetes erecta L.and Tagetes patula L, respectively. Deficit irrigation ...

    Abstract The present study evaluated the effect of deficit irrigation strategies on the ornamental traits, physiological, biochemical and antiradical potential of two cultivars PNG and MGO of Tagetes erecta L.and Tagetes patula L, respectively. Deficit irrigation was applied in two ways a) plants were subjected to deficit irrigation (DI) at 50% field capacity (FC) as compared to control treatment (100% FC), b) regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) where DI was restricted to two stages of plants i.e. before initiation of floral buds and after 50% flowering. In between these two stages, non-limiting water supply was given to cultivars (100% FC).Findings of the experiments revealed that induction of secondary metabolites under DI and RDI could be taken into account for increased antioxidant activities in both the cultivars of Tagetes spp. Under second DI strategy (RDI), showed significant difference with DI at all phases. Flower yield was not significantly distinguishable compare to control treatment. Volatile principles of flowers of Tagete spp. produced under control, DI and RDI, were analyzed through GC–MS. Alpha-pinene, bicyclo heptane, limonene, p-cymene terpinolene, increased in RDI and DI compared to non-limiting water supply (control) in both Tagetes cultivars. Ocimene and n-decaldehyde content decreased under water deficit conditions as compared control.In both Tagetes species, ornamental traits like number of flowers, flower diameter and flower yield, exhibited positive correlation with photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and relative chlorophyll content (RCC). In contrast, negatively relation was found with SOD, CAT and electrolyte leakage.
    Keywords alpha-pinene ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidants ; buds ; catalase ; chlorophyll ; cultivars ; deficit irrigation ; electrolytes ; field capacity ; flowering ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; heptane ; irrigation management ; limonene ; ocimene ; ornamental value ; p-cymene ; photosynthesis ; physiological response ; secondary metabolites ; stomatal conductance ; superoxide dismutase ; Tagetes erecta ; Tagetes patula ; terpinolene ; water supply
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0105
    Size p. 200-208.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 185557-8
    ISSN 0304-4238
    ISSN 0304-4238
    DOI 10.1016/j.scienta.2016.11.037
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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