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  1. Article: Pharmacomicrobiomics and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A novel perspective towards possible treatment.

    Jia, Liyang / Huang, Shiqiong / Sun, Boyu / Shang, Yongguang / Zhu, Chunsheng

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1149256

    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a major driver of mortality worldwide, is more likely to develop other cardiometabolic risk factors, ultimately leading to diabetes-related mortality. Although a set of measures including lifestyle intervention and ... ...

    Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a major driver of mortality worldwide, is more likely to develop other cardiometabolic risk factors, ultimately leading to diabetes-related mortality. Although a set of measures including lifestyle intervention and antidiabetic drugs have been proposed to manage T2DM, problems associated with potential side-effects and drug resistance are still unresolved. Pharmacomicrobiomics is an emerging field that investigates the interactions between the gut microbiome and drug response variability or drug toxicity. In recent years, increasing evidence supports that the gut microbiome, as the second genome, can serve as an attractive target for improving drug efficacy and safety by manipulating its composition. In this review, we outline the different composition of gut microbiome in T2DM and highlight how these microbiomes actually play a vital role in its development. Furthermore, we also investigate current state-of-the-art knowledge on pharmacomicrobiomics and microbiome's role in modulating the response to antidiabetic drugs, as well as provide innovative potential personalized treatments, including approaches for predicting response to treatment and for modulating the microbiome to improve drug efficacy or reduce drug toxicity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Microbiota ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
    Chemical Substances Hypoglycemic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149256
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Clinical profile of acute pancreatitis following treatment with protease inhibitors: a real-world analysis of post-marketing surveillance data.

    Qin, Wangjun / Zhao, Bin / Shang, Yongguang / Zhang, Lei

    Expert opinion on drug safety

    2021  Volume 20, Issue 9, Page(s) 1109–1115

    Abstract: Backgrounds: Acute pancreatitis (AP) has been reported in patients treated with protease inhibitors (PIs), but there are few real-world studies comparing the occurrence and characteristics of AP after different PI regimens.: Research design and ... ...

    Abstract Backgrounds: Acute pancreatitis (AP) has been reported in patients treated with protease inhibitors (PIs), but there are few real-world studies comparing the occurrence and characteristics of AP after different PI regimens.
    Research design and methods: Disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis were utilized for data mining of the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database for suspected adverse events involving AP after PI. The times to onset and fatality rates of AP following different PI regimens were also compared.
    Results: Based on 33,832 reports related to PIs, 285 cases were associated with AP, involving with 12 out of the 15 studied PIs. Of all the reported AP events related to PIs, 64.56% occurred in men and the median time to onset of AP was 103 (IQR: 26-408) days after the initiation of PI treatment with a fatality rate of 14.02%. Among all PI therapies, indinavir was notably associated with AP, and ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir-induced AP cases appeared to be associated with a higher risk of death.
    Conclusions: Most of PIs were associated with AP-related adverse events, among which indinavir has a stronger association with AP but there is no significant difference in fatality rates.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; Bayes Theorem ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Protease Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis/chemically induced ; Pancreatitis/epidemiology ; Pancreatitis/mortality ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances HIV Protease Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2088728-0
    ISSN 1744-764X ; 1474-0338
    ISSN (online) 1744-764X
    ISSN 1474-0338
    DOI 10.1080/14740338.2021.1933942
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Comparison of external system and implanted system in intrathecal therapy for refractory cancer pain in China: A retrospective study.

    Qin, Wangjun / Zhao, Li / Liu, Botao / Yang, Yang / Mao, Peng / Xu, Liyuan / Li, Pengmei / Shang, Yongguang / Zhang, Lei / Fan, Bifa

    Brain and behavior

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) e2851

    Abstract: Introduction: Intrathecal therapy (ITT) via an implanted system was demonstrated for the treatment of refractory cancer pain for decades. Recently, the dissemination of ITT is enhanced in an external system way in Asia for a lower implantation cost. ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Intrathecal therapy (ITT) via an implanted system was demonstrated for the treatment of refractory cancer pain for decades. Recently, the dissemination of ITT is enhanced in an external system way in Asia for a lower implantation cost. This study compares the efficacy, safety, and cost of the two ITT systems in refractory cancer pain patients in China.
    Methods: One hundred and thirty-nine cancer pain patients who underwent implantation of the ITT system were included. One hundred and three patients received ITT via the external system (external group), while 36 patients received ITT via the implanted system (implanted group). A 1:2 propensity score matching procedure was used to yield a total of 89 patients for the final analysis. Medical records of included patients were retrospectively reviewed and pain scores, incidences of complications, and costs were compared.
    Results: ITT via the external system provided pain relief as potent as ITT via the implanted system but was less time-consuming in the implantation phase (13 vs. 19 days, p < .01). Nausea/vomiting and urinary retention were the most frequent adverse events in both external and implanted groups (32.14%, 16.07% vs. 36.36%, 21.21%). No significant difference was found in the incidences of all kinds of complications. Compared to the implanted group, the external group cost less for the initial implantation (7268 vs. 26,275 US dollar [USD], p < .001) but had a significant higher maintenance cost (606.62 vs. 20.23 USD calculated monthly, p < .001).
    Conclusions: ITT via the external system is as effective and safe as that via the implanted system and has the advantage of being cheap in the upfront implantation but costs more during the maintenance process in China.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Cancer Pain/drug therapy ; Injections, Spinal/adverse effects ; Pain, Intractable/drug therapy ; Pain, Intractable/etiology ; Pain Management/adverse effects ; Pain Management/methods ; Neoplasms/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2623587-0
    ISSN 2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
    ISSN (online) 2162-3279
    ISSN 2162-3279
    DOI 10.1002/brb3.2851
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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