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  1. Article ; Online: Shining light on the chloroplast protein import machinery of plants.

    Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam / Kessler, Felix

    Structure (London, England : 1993)

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 509–510

    Abstract: Sunny days for chloroplast protein import: Srinivasan et al. (2023) report on the isolation and provide the first structural information on the pea TOC complex that mediates protein translocation across the outer chloroplast membrane. While two cryoEM ... ...

    Abstract Sunny days for chloroplast protein import: Srinivasan et al. (2023) report on the isolation and provide the first structural information on the pea TOC complex that mediates protein translocation across the outer chloroplast membrane. While two cryoEM structures for algal import complexes have been published, this is the gateway to long-sought-after structures from land plants.
    MeSH term(s) Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Plant Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Plant Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1213087-4
    ISSN 1878-4186 ; 0969-2126
    ISSN (online) 1878-4186
    ISSN 0969-2126
    DOI 10.1016/j.str.2023.04.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The journey of preproteins across the chloroplast membrane systems.

    Ballabani, Gent / Forough, Maryam / Kessler, Felix / Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam

    Frontiers in physiology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1213866

    Abstract: The photosynthetic capacity of chloroplasts is vital for autotrophic growth in algae and plants. The origin of the chloroplast has been explained by the endosymbiotic theory that proposes the engulfment of a cyanobacterium by an ancestral eukaryotic cell ...

    Abstract The photosynthetic capacity of chloroplasts is vital for autotrophic growth in algae and plants. The origin of the chloroplast has been explained by the endosymbiotic theory that proposes the engulfment of a cyanobacterium by an ancestral eukaryotic cell followed by the transfer of many cyanobacterial genes to the host nucleus. As a result of the gene transfer, the now nuclear-encoded proteins acquired chloroplast targeting peptides (known as transit peptides; transit peptide) and are translated as preproteins in the cytosol. Transit peptides contain specific motifs and domains initially recognized by cytosolic factors followed by the chloroplast import components at the outer and inner envelope of the chloroplast membrane. Once the preprotein emerges on the stromal side of the chloroplast protein import machinery, the transit peptide is cleaved by stromal processing peptidase. In the case of thylakoid-localized proteins, cleavage of the transit peptides may expose a second targeting signal guiding the protein to the thylakoid lumen or allow insertion into the thylakoid membrane by internal sequence information. This review summarizes the common features of targeting sequences and describes their role in routing preproteins to and across the chloroplast envelope as well as the thylakoid membrane and lumen.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213866
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Novel insights into the contribution of plastoglobules and reactive oxygen species to chromoplast differentiation

    Morelli, Luca / Torres‐Montilla, Salvador / Glauser, Gaétan / Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam / Kessler, Felix / Rodriguez‐Concepcion, Manuel

    New Phytologist. 2023 Mar., v. 237, no. 5 p.1696-1710

    2023  

    Abstract: Plant tissues can be enriched in phytonutrients not only by stimulating their biosynthesis but also by providing appropriate sink structures for their sequestering and storage. In the case of carotenoids, they accumulate at high levels in chromoplasts ... ...

    Abstract Plant tissues can be enriched in phytonutrients not only by stimulating their biosynthesis but also by providing appropriate sink structures for their sequestering and storage. In the case of carotenoids, they accumulate at high levels in chromoplasts naturally found in flowers and fruit. Chromoplasts can also be artificially differentiated from leaf chloroplasts by boosting carotenoid production with the bacterial protein crtB. Here we used electron and confocal microscopy together with subplastidial fractionation and transcript, protein and metabolite analyses to analyze the structural and biochemical changes occurring in crtB‐induced artificial chromoplasts and their impact on the accumulation of health‐related isoprenoids. We show that leaf chromoplasts develop plastoglobules (PG) harboring high levels of carotenoids (mainly phytoene and pro‐vitamin A β‐carotene) but also other nutritionally relevant isoprenoids, such as tocopherols (vitamin E) and phylloquinone (vitamin K1). Further promoting PG proliferation by exposure to intense (high) light resulted in a higher accumulation of these health‐related metabolites but also an acceleration of the chloroplast‐to‐chromoplast conversion. We further show that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates chromoplastogenesis. Our data suggest that carotenoid accumulation and ROS production are not just consequences but promoters of the chromoplast differentiation process.
    Keywords bacterial proteins ; biosynthesis ; carotenoids ; chloroplasts ; chromoplasts ; confocal microscopy ; fractionation ; fruits ; leaves ; metabolites ; phylloquinone ; phytonutrients ; reactive oxygen species ; tocopherols
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Size p. 1696-1710.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 208885-x
    ISSN 1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
    ISSN (online) 1469-8137
    ISSN 0028-646X
    DOI 10.1111/nph.18585
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: CHLORAD: Eradicating Translocon Components from the Outer Membrane of the Chloroplast.

    Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam / Kessler, Felix

    Molecular plant

    2019  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 467–469

    MeSH term(s) Chloroplast Proteins/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Proteolysis ; Ubiquitination
    Chemical Substances Chloroplast Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2393618-6
    ISSN 1752-9867 ; 1674-2052
    ISSN (online) 1752-9867
    ISSN 1674-2052
    DOI 10.1016/j.molp.2019.03.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Nutritional Enrichment of Plant Leaves by Combining Genes Promoting Tocopherol Biosynthesis and Storage.

    Morelli, Luca / García Romañach, Laura / Glauser, Gaetan / Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam / Kessler, Felix / Rodriguez-Concepcion, Manuel

    Metabolites

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 2

    Abstract: The enrichment of plant tissues in tocochromanols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) is an important biotechnological goal due to their vitamin E and antioxidant properties. Improvements based on stimulating tocochromanol biosynthesis have repeatedly been ... ...

    Abstract The enrichment of plant tissues in tocochromanols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) is an important biotechnological goal due to their vitamin E and antioxidant properties. Improvements based on stimulating tocochromanol biosynthesis have repeatedly been achieved, however, enhancing sequestering and storage in plant plastids remains virtually unexplored. We previously showed that leaf chloroplasts can be converted into artificial chromoplasts with a proliferation of plastoglobules by overexpression of the bacterial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662251-8
    ISSN 2218-1989
    ISSN 2218-1989
    DOI 10.3390/metabo13020193
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Chromoplast plastoglobules recruit the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and contribute to carotenoid accumulation during tomato fruit maturation.

    Zita, Wayne / Bressoud, Ségolène / Glauser, Gaetan / Kessler, Felix / Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 12, Page(s) e0277774

    Abstract: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit maturation is associated with a developmental transition from chloroplasts (in mature green fruit) to chromoplasts (in red fruit). The hallmark red color of ripe tomatoes is due to carotenogenesis and accumulation of ... ...

    Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit maturation is associated with a developmental transition from chloroplasts (in mature green fruit) to chromoplasts (in red fruit). The hallmark red color of ripe tomatoes is due to carotenogenesis and accumulation of the red carotenoid lycopene inside chromoplasts. Plastoglobules (PG) are lipid droplets in plastids that are involved in diverse lipid metabolic pathways. In tomato, information on the possible role of PG in carotogenesis and the PG proteome is largely lacking. Here, we outline the role of PG in carotenogenesis giving particular attention to tomato fruit PG proteomes and metabolomes. The proteome analysis revealed the presence of PG-typical FBNs, ABC1K-like kinases, and metabolic enzymes, and those were decreased in the PG of tomato chromoplasts compared to chloroplasts. Notably, the complete β-carotene biosynthesis pathway was recruited to chromoplast PG, and the enzymes PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 (PSY-1), PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS), ZETA-CAROTENE DESATURASE (ZDS), and CAROTENOID ISOMERASE (CRTISO) were enriched up to twelvefold compared to chloroplast PG. We profiled the carotenoid and prenyl lipid changes in PG during the chloroplast to chromoplast transition and demonstrated large increases of lycopene and β-carotene in chromoplast PG. The PG proteome and metabolome are subject to extensive remodeling resulting in high accumulation of lycopene during the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition. Overall, the results indicate that PGs contribute to carotenoid accumulation during tomato fruit maturation and suggest that they do so by functioning as a biosynthetic platform for carotenogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) Solanum lycopersicum/genetics ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Fruit ; beta Carotene ; Lipids
    Chemical Substances beta Carotene (01YAE03M7J) ; Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0277774
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: A quantitative method to measure geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranyl monophosphate (GGP) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit.

    Zita, Wayne / Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam / Ezquerro, Miguel / Rodriguez-Concepcion, Manuel / Kessler, Felix / Glauser, Gaetan

    Plant methods

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 55

    Abstract: Background: Isoprenoids are a very large class of metabolites playing a key role in plant physiological processes such as growth, stress resistance, fruit flavor, and color. In chloroplasts and chromoplasts, the diterpene compound geranylgeranyl ... ...

    Abstract Background: Isoprenoids are a very large class of metabolites playing a key role in plant physiological processes such as growth, stress resistance, fruit flavor, and color. In chloroplasts and chromoplasts, the diterpene compound geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is the metabolic precursor required for the biosynthesis of tocopherols, plastoquinones, phylloquinone, chlorophylls, and carotenoids. Despite its key role for the plant metabolism, reports on GGPP physiological concentrations in planta have been extremely scarce.
    Results: In this study, we developed a method to quantify GGPP and its hydrolysis product geranylgeranyl monophosphate (GGP) from tomato fruit, using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Quantification was done by external calibration and the method was validated in terms of specificity, precision, accuracy, and detection and quantitation limits. We further demonstrate the validity of our approach by analysing GGPP contents in the ripe fruits of wild-type tomatoes and mutants defective in GGPP production. Finally, we also show that the sample preparation is key to prevent GGPP hydrolysis and mitigate its conversion to GGP.
    Conclusion: Our study provides an efficient tool to investigate the metabolic fluxes required for GGPP supply and consumption in tomato fruit.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2203723-8
    ISSN 1746-4811
    ISSN 1746-4811
    DOI 10.1186/s13007-023-01034-w
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  8. Article: Characterization of a Plastoglobule-Localized SOUL4 Heme-Binding Protein in

    Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam / Grimm, Bernhard / Kessler, Felix

    Frontiers in plant science

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 2

    Abstract: Heme plays an active role in primary plant metabolic pathways as well as in stress signaling. In this study, we characterized the predicted heme-binding protein SOUL4. Proteomics evidence suggests that SOUL4 is a component ... ...

    Abstract Heme plays an active role in primary plant metabolic pathways as well as in stress signaling. In this study, we characterized the predicted heme-binding protein SOUL4. Proteomics evidence suggests that SOUL4 is a component of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711035-7
    ISSN 1664-462X
    ISSN 1664-462X
    DOI 10.3389/fpls.2020.00002
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  9. Article ; Online: SUMOylation contributes to proteostasis of the chloroplast protein import receptor TOC159 during early development.

    Accossato, Sonia / Kessler, Felix / Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam

    eLife

    2020  Volume 9

    Abstract: Chloroplast biogenesis describes the transition of non-photosynthetic proplastids to photosynthetically active chloroplasts in the cells of germinating seeds. Chloroplast biogenesis requires the import of thousands of nuclear-encoded preproteins by ... ...

    Abstract Chloroplast biogenesis describes the transition of non-photosynthetic proplastids to photosynthetically active chloroplasts in the cells of germinating seeds. Chloroplast biogenesis requires the import of thousands of nuclear-encoded preproteins by essential import receptor TOC159. We demonstrate that the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) pathway crosstalks with the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to affect TOC159 stability during early plant development. We identified a SUMO3-interacting motif (SIM) in the TOC159 GTPase domain and a SUMO3 covalent SUMOylation site in the membrane domain. A single K to R substitution (K1370R) in the M-domain disables SUMOylation. Compared to wild-type TOC159, TOC159K1370R was destabilized under UPS-inducing stress conditions. However, TOC159K1370R recovered to same protein level as wild-type TOC159 in the presence of a proteasome inhibitor. Thus, SUMOylation partially stabilizes TOC159 against UPS-dependent degradation under stress conditions. Our data contribute to the evolving model of tightly controlled proteostasis of the TOC159 import receptor during proplastid to chloroplast transition.
    MeSH term(s) Arabidopsis/genetics ; Arabidopsis/growth & development ; Arabidopsis/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Proteostasis ; Sumoylation
    Chemical Substances Arabidopsis Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; TOC159 protein, Arabidopsis ; GTP Phosphohydrolases (EC 3.6.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.60968
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Novel insights into the contribution of plastoglobules and reactive oxygen species to chromoplast differentiation.

    Morelli, Luca / Torres-Montilla, Salvador / Glauser, Gaétan / Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam / Kessler, Felix / Rodriguez-Concepcion, Manuel

    The New phytologist

    2022  Volume 237, Issue 5, Page(s) 1696–1710

    Abstract: Plant tissues can be enriched in phytonutrients not only by stimulating their biosynthesis but also by providing appropriate sink structures for their sequestering and storage. In the case of carotenoids, they accumulate at high levels in chromoplasts ... ...

    Abstract Plant tissues can be enriched in phytonutrients not only by stimulating their biosynthesis but also by providing appropriate sink structures for their sequestering and storage. In the case of carotenoids, they accumulate at high levels in chromoplasts naturally found in flowers and fruit. Chromoplasts can also be artificially differentiated from leaf chloroplasts by boosting carotenoid production with the bacterial protein crtB. Here we used electron and confocal microscopy together with subplastidial fractionation and transcript, protein and metabolite analyses to analyze the structural and biochemical changes occurring in crtB-induced artificial chromoplasts and their impact on the accumulation of health-related isoprenoids. We show that leaf chromoplasts develop plastoglobules (PG) harboring high levels of carotenoids (mainly phytoene and pro-vitamin A β-carotene) but also other nutritionally relevant isoprenoids, such as tocopherols (vitamin E) and phylloquinone (vitamin K1). Further promoting PG proliferation by exposure to intense (high) light resulted in a higher accumulation of these health-related metabolites but also an acceleration of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast conversion. We further show that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates chromoplastogenesis. Our data suggest that carotenoid accumulation and ROS production are not just consequences but promoters of the chromoplast differentiation process.
    MeSH term(s) Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Plastids/metabolism ; Carotenoids/metabolism ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; beta Carotene/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Reactive Oxygen Species ; Carotenoids (36-88-4) ; beta Carotene (01YAE03M7J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208885-x
    ISSN 1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
    ISSN (online) 1469-8137
    ISSN 0028-646X
    DOI 10.1111/nph.18585
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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