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Article ; Online: Correlation Analysis of Stock Markets in the Belt and Road Regions

Kexin Chen / Zeqing He / Shaojun Zhang

Chinese Journal of International Review, Vol 05, Iss

2023 Volume 01

Abstract: As a regional cooperation framework, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aims to spur economic development by investing in infrastructure and improving connectivity between the countries in Asia, Europe, and Africa located along the Silk Road Economic ... ...

Abstract	As a regional cooperation framework, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aims to spur economic development by investing in infrastructure and improving connectivity between the countries in Asia, Europe, and Africa located along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Many studies have documented that BRI-related investment projects reduce trade costs, increase trade and investment flows, bring benefits to trading parties, and improve connectivity between countries along the Belt and Road. Financial integration is a critical aspect of intangible connectivity that is fundamental to and benefits from increased trade and investment flows between countries. This study examines the pairwise correlations between 39 stock markets in the Belt and Road regions from 2008 to 2018, focusing on the correlations between China and the other markets. We find that the correlation between two markets in the same region is greater than those in different regions. China has a higher correlation with markets in Southeast Asia and North and Central Asia than in other regions. The correlations fluctuate over time, but their relative rankings among market pairs remain stable. In the first half of 2015, there was an unusually low correlation between China and all other markets, most likely due to China’s stock market bubble. Our systematic examination of stock market correlations in the Belt and Road regions sheds new light on the temporal and cross-sectional dynamics in these understudied financial markets. The findings suggest significant potential for financial integration in the Belt and Road regions.
Keywords	Belt and Road Initiative ; emerging markets ; frontier markets ; Maritime Silk Road ; Silk Road Economic Belt ; General Works ; A ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	332
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of battery electric vehicle usage on air quality in three Chinese first-tier cities

Wenjing Lyu / Ying Hu / Jin Liu / Kaizhe Chen / Peng Liu / Junjun Deng / Shaojun Zhang

Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2024 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract China, the world leader in automobile production and sales, confronts the challenge of transportation emissions, which account for roughly 10% of its total carbon emissions. This study, utilizing real-world vehicle data from three major Chinese ... ...

Abstract	Abstract China, the world leader in automobile production and sales, confronts the challenge of transportation emissions, which account for roughly 10% of its total carbon emissions. This study, utilizing real-world vehicle data from three major Chinese cities, assesses the impact of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) on air quality. Our analysis reveals that BEVs, when replacing gasoline vehicles in their operational phase, significantly reduce emissions, with reductions ranging from 8.72 to 85.71 kg of CO2 per vehicle monthly. The average monthly reduction rate is 9.47%, though this effect is less pronounced during winter. Advanced BEVs, characterized by higher efficiency and newer technology, exhibit greater emission reduction benefits. While private BEVs generally contribute positively to environmental outcomes, taxi BEVs, due to their intensive usage patterns, show less environmental advantage and may sometimes worsen air quality. Looking ahead, we project substantial emission reductions from the replacement of gasoline vehicles with electric alternatives over the next decade. Policymakers are urged to adopt proactive measures, focusing on promoting medium to large electric vehicles and fostering the use of private and ride-hailing electric vehicles.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	629
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Smart heat isolator with hollow multishelled structures

Kun Wang / Lekai Xu / Jiao Wang / Shaojun Zhang / Yanlei Wang / Nailiang Yang / Jiang Du / Dan Wang

Green Energy & Environment, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 1154-

2023 Volume 1160

Abstract: Safe, green and efficient industrial production has always been the pursuit of the chemical industry. Since thermal energy is the driving force for most of chemical reactions, an ideal reaction tank would have the capacity to automatically regulate heat ... ...

Abstract	Safe, green and efficient industrial production has always been the pursuit of the chemical industry. Since thermal energy is the driving force for most of chemical reactions, an ideal reaction tank would have the capacity to automatically regulate heat conduction rate. In detail, this reaction tank should endow an ability that resists the heat loss when the reaction temperature is lower than the target, while accelerating the heat dissipation when the system is overheated. In this case, this smart reactor can not only minimize energy consumption but also reduce safety risks. Hollow structures are known to reduce heat conductivity. Particularly, the hollow structure with multishells can provide more interfaces and thus further inhibit heat transmission, which would be more favorable for heat isolation. Step forward, by coupling HoMSs with temperature-sensitive polymer, a smart heat isolation material has been fabricated in this work. It performs as a good heat isolator at a relatively lower temperature. A heat insulation effect of 6.5 °C can be achieved for the TSPU/3S–TiO2 HoMSs with a thickness of 1 mm under the temperature field of 50 °C. The thermal conductivity of composite material would be raised under overheating conditions. Furthermore, this composite displays an unusual two-stage phase transformation during heating. Benefiting from the unique multishelled structure, energy is found to be gradually guided into the hollow structure and stored inside. This localized heat accumulation enables the composite to be a potential coating material for intelligent thermal-regulator and site-defined micro-reactor.
Keywords	Hollow multishelled structures ; Thermal insulation ; Smart material ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Computational immune infiltration analysis of pediatric high‐grade gliomas (pHGGs) reveals differences in immunosuppression and prognosis by tumor location

Cavan P. Bailey / Ruiping Wang / Mary Figueroa / Shaojun Zhang / Linghua Wang / Joya Chandra

Computational and Systems Oncology, Vol 1, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)

2021

Abstract: Abstract Immunotherapy for cancer has moved from pre‐clinical hypothesis to successful clinical application in the past 15 years. However, not all cancers have shown response rates in clinical trials for these new agents. igh‐grade gliomas, in particular, ...

Abstract	Abstract Immunotherapy for cancer has moved from pre‐clinical hypothesis to successful clinical application in the past 15 years. However, not all cancers have shown response rates in clinical trials for these new agents. igh‐grade gliomas, in particular, have proved exceedingly refractory to immunotherapy. In adult patients, there has been much investigation into these failures, and researchers have concluded that an immunosuppressive microenvironment combined with low mutational burden renders adult glioblastomas “immune cold.” Pediatric cancer patients develop gliomas at a higher rate per malignancy than adults, and their brain tumors bear even fewer mutations. These tumors can also develop in more diverse locations in the brain, beyond the cerebral hemispheres seen in adults, including in the brainstem where critical motor functions are controlled. While adult brain tumor immune infiltration has been extensively profiled from surgical resections, this is not possible for brainstem tumors that can only be sampled at autopsy. Given these limitations, there is a dearth of information on immune cells and their therapeutic and prognostic impact in pediatric high‐grade gliomas (pHGGs), including hemispheric tumors in addition to brainstem. In this report, we use computational methods to examine immune infiltrate in pHGGs and discover distinct immune patterns between hemispheric and brainstem tumors. In hemispheric tumors, we find positive prognostic associations for regulatory T‐cells, memory B‐cells, eosinophils, and dendritic cells, but not in brainstem tumors. These differences suggest that immunotherapeutic approaches must be cognizant of pHGG tumor location and tailored for optimum efficacy.
Keywords	CIBERSORT ; DIPG ; immune infiltration ; immunosuppression ; pediatric high‐grade glioma ; prognostic biomarker ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282 ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of risk factors for false-negative results with an antigen-specific peripheral blood-based quantitative T cell assay (T-SPOT.) in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis

Chi Yang / Shaojun Zhang / Lan Yao / Lin Fan

Journal of International Medical Research, Vol

A large-scale retrospective study in China

2018 Volume 46

Abstract: Objective To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of an interferon-γ release assay, T-SPOT ® . TB , for diagnosing active tuberculosis (TB) and to identify risk factors for false-negative results. Methods This retrospective study enrolled consecutive ... ...

Abstract	Objective To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of an interferon-γ release assay, T-SPOT ® . TB , for diagnosing active tuberculosis (TB) and to identify risk factors for false-negative results. Methods This retrospective study enrolled consecutive patients with active TB and with non-TB respiratory diseases to evaluate the risk factors for false-negative results when using the T-SPOT ® . TB assay for the diagnosis of active TB. Patients with active TB were categorized as having confirmed pulmonary TB, clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB or extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Results This study analysed 4964 consecutive patients; 2425 with active TB and 2539 with non-TB respiratory diseases. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the following five factors that were all associated with an increased false-negative rate with the T-SPOT ® . TB assay: increased age (odds ratio [OR] 1.018; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.013, 1.024); decreased CD8+ count (OR 0.307; 95% CI 0.117, 0.803); negative sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear staining (OR 1.821; 95% CI 1.338, 2.477); negative mycobacterial cultures (OR 1.379; 95% CI 1.043, 1.824); and absence of EPTB (OR 1.291; 95% CI 1.026, 1.623). Conclusions Increased age, decreased CD8+ count, negative sputum AFB smear results, negative sputum mycobacterial cultures and absence of EPTB might lead to an increased false-negative rate when using the T-SPOT ® . TB assay.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Novel Attack Graph Posterior Inference Model Based on Bayesian Network

Shaojun Zhang / Shanshan Song

Journal of Information Security, Vol 02, Iss 01, Pp 8-

2011 Volume 27

Abstract: Network attack graphs are originally used to evaluate what the worst security state is when a concerned net-work is under attack. Combined with intrusion evidence such like IDS alerts, attack graphs can be further used to perform security state posterior ...

Abstract	Network attack graphs are originally used to evaluate what the worst security state is when a concerned net-work is under attack. Combined with intrusion evidence such like IDS alerts, attack graphs can be further used to perform security state posterior inference (i.e. inference based on observation experience). In this area, Bayesian network is an ideal mathematic tool, however it can not be directly applied for the following three reasons: 1) in a network attack graph, there may exist directed cycles which are never permitted in a Bayesian network, 2) there may exist temporal partial ordering relations among intrusion evidence that can-not be easily modeled in a Bayesian network, and 3) just one Bayesian network cannot be used to infer both the current and the future security state of a network. In this work, we improve an approximate Bayesian posterior inference algorithm–the likelihood-weighting algorithm to resolve the above obstacles. We give out all the pseudocodes of the algorithm and use several examples to demonstrate its benefit. Based on this, we further propose a network security assessment and enhancement method along with a small network scenario to exemplify its usage.
Keywords	Network Security ; Attack Graph ; Posterior Inference ; Bayesian Network ; Likelihood-Weighting ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95 ; Instruments and machines ; QA71-90 ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Computer Science ; DOAJ:Technology and Engineering
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Scientific Research Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Biologically induced deposition of fine suspended particles by filter-feeding bivalves in land-based industrial marine aquaculture wastewater.

Yi Zhou / Shaojun Zhang / Ying Liu / Hongsheng Yang

PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 9, p e

2014 Volume 107798

Abstract: Industrial aquaculture wastewater contains large quantities of suspended particles that can be easily broken down physically. Introduction of macro-bio-filters, such as bivalve filter feeders, may offer the potential for treatment of fine suspended ... ...

Abstract	Industrial aquaculture wastewater contains large quantities of suspended particles that can be easily broken down physically. Introduction of macro-bio-filters, such as bivalve filter feeders, may offer the potential for treatment of fine suspended matter in industrial aquaculture wastewater. In this study, we employed two kinds of bivalve filter feeders, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, to deposit suspended solids from marine fish aquaculture wastewater in flow-through systems. Results showed that the biodeposition rate of suspended particles by C. gigas (shell height: 8.67 ± 0.99 cm) and M. galloprovincialis (shell height: 4.43 ± 0.98 cm) was 77.84 ± 7.77 and 6.37 ± 0.67 mg ind(-1) • d(-1), respectively. The total solid suspension (TSS) deposition rates of oyster and mussel treatments were 3.73 ± 0.27 and 2.76 ± 0.20 times higher than that of the control treatment without bivalves, respectively. The TSS deposition rates of bivalve treatments were significantly higher than the natural sedimentation rate of the control treatment (P < 0.001). Furthermore, organic matter and C, N in the sediments of bivalve treatments were significantly lower than those in the sediments of the control (P < 0.05). It was suggested that the filter feeders C. gigas and M. galloprovincialis had considerable potential to filter and accelerate the deposition of suspended particles from industrial aquaculture wastewater, and simultaneously yield value-added biological products.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A genomic instability score in discriminating nonequivalent outcomes of BRCA1/2 mutations and in predicting outcomes of ovarian cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.

Shaojun Zhang / Yuan Yuan / Dapeng Hao

PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 12, p e

2014 Volume 113169

Abstract: Detecting mutation in BRCA1/2 is a generally accepted strategy for screening ovarian cancers that have impaired homologous recombination (HR) ability and improved sensitivity to PARP inhibitor. However, a substantial subset of BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer ... ...

Abstract	Detecting mutation in BRCA1/2 is a generally accepted strategy for screening ovarian cancers that have impaired homologous recombination (HR) ability and improved sensitivity to PARP inhibitor. However, a substantial subset of BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer patients shows less impaired or unimpaired HR ability, resulting in nonequivalent outcome after ovarian cancer development. We hypothesize that genomic instability provides a lifetime record of DNA repair deficiency and predicts ovarian cancer outcome. Based on the multi-dimensional TCGA ovarian cancer data, we developed a biological rationale-driven genomic instability score integrating somatic mutation and copy number change in a tumor genome. The score successfully divided BRCA-mutant ovarian tumors into cases of significantly improved outcome and cases of unimproved outcome. The score was also capable of discriminating HR-deficiency indicated by BRCA1 epigenetically silencing, EMSY amplification and homozygous deletion of core HR genes. We further found that the score was positively correlated with the complete response rate of chemotherapy and the rate of platinum-sensitivity, and predicted improved outcome of ovarian cancer, regardless of BRCA-mutation status. The score may have important value in outcome prediction and clinical trial design.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Energy-saving benefits from plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: perspectives based on real-world measurements

Zhou, Boya / Jiming Hao / Shaojun Zhang / Wenwei Ke / Xiaoyi He / Ye Wu

Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change. 2018 June, v. 23, no. 5

2018

Abstract: Promoting plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) is one important option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants for road transportation sector. In 2015, more than 220,000 new PHEVs were registered across the world, indicating a 25-fold growth ... ...

Abstract	Promoting plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) is one important option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants for road transportation sector. In 2015, more than 220,000 new PHEVs were registered across the world, indicating a 25-fold growth during 2011–2015. However, more criticizes have been put forward against the current energy efficiency regulations for vehicles that are mostly depended on laboratory measurements. To better understand the real-world energy-saving and emission mitigation benefits from PHEVs, we conducted on-road testing experiments under various operating conditions for two in-use PHEVs in Beijing, China. Our results indicate that air condition usage, congested traffic conditions, and higher loading mass could significantly increase energy consumption and shorten actual all-electric distance for PHEVs. For example, the worst case (14.1 km) would occur under harshest usage conditions, which is lower by at least 35% than the claimed range over 20 km. In charge sustaining (CS) mode, real-world fuel consumption also presents a large range from 3.5 L/100 km to 6.3 L/100 km because of varying usage conditions. Furthermore, various vehicle users have significantly different travel profiles, which would lead to large heterogeneity of emission mitigation benefits among individual PHEV adopters. Therefore, this study suggests that the global policy makers should use real-world energy efficiency of emerging electrified powertrain techniques as criteria to formulate relevant regulations and supportive policies.
Keywords	air pollutants ; air pollution ; energy conservation ; energy efficiency ; energy use and consumption ; global change ; greenhouse gas emissions ; issues and policy ; road transportation ; traffic ; travel ; vehicles (equipment) ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-06
Size	p. 735-756.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2004169-X
ISSN	1573-1596 ; 1381-2386
ISSN (online)	1573-1596
ISSN	1381-2386
DOI	10.1007/s11027-017-9757-9
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Energy consumption and well-to-wheels air pollutant emissions of battery electric buses under complex operating conditions and implications on fleet electrification

He, Xiaoyi / Boya Zhou / Shaojun Zhang / Wenwei Ke / Xinyu Liang / Yali Zheng / Ye Wu

Journal of cleaner production. 2018 Jan. 10, v. 171

2018

Abstract: Electrification has been rapidly promoted to transform the energy source for public transit buses. Among all electric technologies penetrating the public bus fleet, battery electric buses (BEBs) dominates the market. Nevertheless, real-world energy ... ...

Abstract	Electrification has been rapidly promoted to transform the energy source for public transit buses. Among all electric technologies penetrating the public bus fleet, battery electric buses (BEBs) dominates the market. Nevertheless, real-world energy consumption (EC) is of great concern, since BEBs are often used under congested conditions that may affect their energy and environmental benefits. This study proposes an operating mode binning method to assess on-road EC and well-to-wheel (WTW) air pollutants emissions of BEBs under complex real-world usage patterns. Second-by-second EC and operating data of two BEBs demonstrated in Macao, China is adopted to establish the EC profiles under each micro modes. Results show that EC value would be below zero in certain operation modes with negative vehicle specific power values, which suggests the regenerative brake system is effectively functioning under deceleration conditions. Average EC are estimated to be 1.7 to 4.1 kWh km−1 for BEB12 and 1.2 to 2.9 kWh km−1 for BEB10 (i.e., vehicle length of 12 m and 10 m), respectively, under all operating conditions (i.e., 18 various patterns) by average speed, loading mass and air conditioner usage. The large variation in real-world EC would proportionally affect WTW emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutants from BEBs. When deployed in Macao where non-fossil electricity is relatively abundant, BEB can significantly reduce WTW emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) by 60%–80%, along with considerable reductions of 10%–40% for CO2 and fine particulate matters (PM2.5). Further, the benefits related to WTW CO2 and PM2.5 emissions would not exist if BEBs are deployed in coal power-rich regions. Our measurement results and WTW emission suggests that current fuel economy testing procedure of BEB should be modified to better inform customers and policy-makers of their real-world performance and benefits.
Keywords	air conditioning ; air pollutants ; air pollution ; batteries ; carbon dioxide ; coal ; consumers (people) ; ecosystem services ; electricity ; emissions ; energy ; markets ; nitrogen oxides ; particulates ; public transportation ; volatile organic compounds ; China ; Macau
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0110
Size	p. 714-722.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0959-6526
DOI	10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.017
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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