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  1. Article ; Online: Chronic cough and weight loss in an adolescent marijuana smoker

    Angela Onorato M.D. / Jana Shapiro M.D. / Lindsay Griffin M.D. / Monica Aldulescu M.D. / Nicoleta C Arva M.D. / Avani Shah M.D.

    SAGE Open Medical Case Reports, Vol

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. As marijuana becomes legalized in more states and its use increases among adolescents, pediatricians must be aware of the impact of marijuana on pediatric health. Marijuana smoking as ... ...

    Abstract Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. As marijuana becomes legalized in more states and its use increases among adolescents, pediatricians must be aware of the impact of marijuana on pediatric health. Marijuana smoking as well as cigarette smoking has been associated with numerous lung diseases, including chronic bronchitis and bullous lung diseases. This case report postulates that regular marijuana smoking may be associated with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a severe lung disease that lacks definitive treatment and can cause respiratory failure. Given the potential risk of life-threatening lung diseases, pediatricians must screen adolescents with respiratory symptoms for marijuana use. In addition, this case underscores the need for further research and improved understanding of the relationship between marijuana smoking and lung disease.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: The TIM Family of Cosignaling Receptors

    Wayne Truong / A. M. James Shapiro M.D., Ph.D.

    Cell Transplantation, Vol

    Emerging Targets for the Regulation of Autoimmune Disease and Transplantation Tolerance

    2007  Volume 16

    Abstract: Currently, lifelong immune suppression regimens are required for solid organ and cellular transplantation and carry significant increased risk of infection, malignancy, and toxicity. For non-life-saving procedures such as islet transplantation, the risk/ ... ...

    Abstract Currently, lifelong immune suppression regimens are required for solid organ and cellular transplantation and carry significant increased risk of infection, malignancy, and toxicity. For non-life-saving procedures such as islet transplantation, the risk/benefit ratio of lifelong immunosuppression versus benefit from transplantation requires even more careful balance. The search for specific agents to modulate the immune system without chronic immunosuppression is important for the broad application of islet transplantation. The T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) family is a distinct group of coreceptors that are differentially expressed on T H 1 and T H 2 cells, and have the potential to regulate both cytotoxic and humoral immune responses. Completed murine studies demonstrate Tim pathways may be important in the regulation of tolerance to self (auto), harmless (allergic), and transplant (allo) antigen; however, the potential impact of targeting Tim coreceptors has yet to be fully explored in transplantation tolerance induction or autoimmune disease. The current review examines the impact of Tim coreceptor targeting as an emerging therapeutic option for regulating autoimmune diseases and prevention of allograft rejection.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: MRI of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.

    Shapiro, M D / Som, P M

    Radiologic clinics of North America

    1989  Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 447–475

    Abstract: In the evaluation of soft tissue masses of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, MR has excelled, not only in sensitivity, but in specificity. Without question, MR has improved the diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing neoplasms from inflammatory ... ...

    Abstract In the evaluation of soft tissue masses of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, MR has excelled, not only in sensitivity, but in specificity. Without question, MR has improved the diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing neoplasms from inflammatory diseases. This improved discrimination is primarily due to the combination of the superior soft tissue contrast of MRI and the widely disparate T2-relaxation values between the neoplasms and inflammatory processes indigenous to this anatomic area. MR's expanding role as the primary imaging modality for clinical problems in the sinonasal region will accompany the decrease in exam time and increase in spatial resolution. In the past few years there has been a rapid expansion in MRI's utility for a variety of clinical situations in the sinonasal region. This trend should accelerate, especially with the decrease in exam time and increase in spatial resolution that will accompany other expeditious technologic advancements.
    MeSH term(s) Gadolinium ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Nasal Cavity/injuries ; Nasal Cavity/pathology ; Nose Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Paranasal Sinuses/injuries ; Paranasal Sinuses/pathology ; Pentetic Acid ; Rhinitis/diagnosis ; Sinusitis/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Pentetic Acid (7A314HQM0I) ; Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1989-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 215712-3
    ISSN 1557-8275 ; 0033-8389
    ISSN (online) 1557-8275
    ISSN 0033-8389
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Chemokines and Their Receptors in Islet Allograft Rejection and as Targets for Tolerance Induction

    Shaheed Merani / Wayne W. Truong / Wayne Hancock / Colin C. Anderson / A. M. James Shapiro M.D., Ph.D.

    Cell Transplantation, Vol

    2006  Volume 15

    Abstract: Graft rejection is a major barrier to successful outcome of transplantation surgery. Islet transplantation introduces insulin secreting tissue into type 1 diabetes mellitus recipients, relieving patients from exogenous insulin injection. However, ... ...

    Abstract Graft rejection is a major barrier to successful outcome of transplantation surgery. Islet transplantation introduces insulin secreting tissue into type 1 diabetes mellitus recipients, relieving patients from exogenous insulin injection. However, insulitis of grafted tissue and allograft rejection prevent long-term insulin independence. Leukocyte trafficking is necessary for the launch of successful immune responses to pathogen or allograft. Chemokines, small chemotactic cytokines, direct the migration of leukocytes through their interaction with chemokine receptors found on cell surfaces of immune cells. Unique receptor expression of leukocytes, and the specificity of chemokine secretion during various states of immune response, suggest that the extracellular chemokine milieu specifically homes certain leukocyte subsets. Thus, only those leukocytes required for the current immune task are attracted to the inflammatory site. Chemokine blockade, using antagonists and monoclonal antibodies directed against chemokine receptors, is an emerging and specific immunosuppressive strategy. Importantly, chemokine blockade may potentiate tolerance induction regimens to be used following transplantation surgery, and prevent the need for life-long immunosuppression of islet transplant recipients. Here, the role for chemokine blockade in islet transplant rejection and tolerance is reviewed.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Coinhibitory T-Cell Signaling in Islet Allograft Rejection and Tolerance

    Wayne Truong / Wayne W. Hancock / Colin C. Anderson / Shaheed Merani / A. M. James Shapiro M.D., Ph.D., FRCS(Eng), FRCSC

    Cell Transplantation, Vol

    2006  Volume 15

    Abstract: Autoaggressive T cells directed against insulin secreting pancreatic β-cells mediate the development of type 1 diabetes. Islet transplantation offers superior glycemic control over exogenous insulin, but chronic immunosuppression limits its broad ... ...

    Abstract Autoaggressive T cells directed against insulin secreting pancreatic β-cells mediate the development of type 1 diabetes. Islet transplantation offers superior glycemic control over exogenous insulin, but chronic immunosuppression limits its broad application. Pathogenic T cells are also important in allograft rejection. Inducing and maintaining antigen-specific peripheral T-cell tolerance toward β-cells is an attractive strategy to prevent autoimmune disease, and to facilitate treatment of diabetes with islet allografts without long-term immunosuppression. Recent efforts have focused on blocking costimulatory T-cell signals for tolerance induction. Although costimulatory blockade can prolong graft survival, true immunological tolerance remains elusive. Costimulatory signals may even be required for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. The discovery of novel coinhibitory T-cell pathways, including CTLA-4, PD-1, and BTLA, offers an alternative approach. Stimulating negative T cell cosignals alone or in combination may help induce tolerance. The focus of this review is to summarize the strategies directed at turning off the immune response by exploiting these negative cosignaling pathways in tolerance induction in islet transplantation. Activating several coinhibitory pathways together may be synergistic in preventing pathogenic T-cell responses. Tolerance induction will likely rely on understanding the balance of positive and negative signals affecting the state of T-cell activation.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Sequential programs of retinoic acid synthesis in the myocardial and epicardial layers of the developing avian heart.

    Xavier-Neto, J / Shapiro, M D / Houghton, L / Rosenthal, N

    Developmental biology

    2000  Volume 219, Issue 1, Page(s) 129–141

    Abstract: Endogenous patterns of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in avian cardiac morphogenesis were characterized by localized expression of a key RA-synthetic enzyme, RALDH2, which displayed a biphasic pattern during heart development. RALDH2 immunoreactivity was ... ...

    Abstract Endogenous patterns of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in avian cardiac morphogenesis were characterized by localized expression of a key RA-synthetic enzyme, RALDH2, which displayed a biphasic pattern during heart development. RALDH2 immunoreactivity was initially apparent posterior to Hensen's node of stage 5-6 embryos and subsequently in somites and unsegmented paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm overlapping atrial precursors in the cardiogenic plate of stage 9- embryos. Initial RALDH2 synthesis in the posterior myocardium coincided with activation of the AMHC1 gene, a RA-responsive marker of inflow heart segments. A wave of RALDH2 synthesis then swept the myocardium in a posterior-to-anterior direction, reaching the outflow tract by stage 13, then fading from the myocardial layer. The second phase of RALDH2 expression, initiated at stage 18 in the proepicardial organ, persisted in migratory epicardial cells that completely enveloped the heart by stage 24. Early restriction of RALDH2 expression to the posterior cardiogenic plate, overlapping RA-inducible gene activation, provides evidence for commitment of posterior avian heart segments by localized production of RA, whereas subsequent RALDH2 expression exclusively in the migratory epicardium suggests a role for the morphogen in ventricular expansion and morphogenesis of underlying myocardial tissues.
    MeSH term(s) Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Animals ; Atrial Myosins ; Avian Proteins ; Biological Evolution ; Chick Embryo ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heart/embryology ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; Myosins/genetics ; Pericardium/embryology ; Pericardium/metabolism ; Quail/embryology ; Retinal Dehydrogenase ; Signal Transduction ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tretinoin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Avian Proteins ; Tretinoin (5688UTC01R) ; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases (EC 1.2.-) ; Retinal Dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.36) ; Atrial Myosins (EC 3.6.1.-) ; AMHC1 protein, chicken (EC 3.6.4.1) ; Myosin Heavy Chains (EC 3.6.4.1) ; Myosins (EC 3.6.4.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1114-9
    ISSN 1095-564X ; 0012-1606
    ISSN (online) 1095-564X
    ISSN 0012-1606
    DOI 10.1006/dbio.1999.9588
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Sodium chloride pica secondary to iron-deficiency anemia.

    Shapiro, M D / Linas, S L

    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation

    1985  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 67–68

    Abstract: A young woman was referred for nephrologic evaluation of hypertension and a curious desire for table salt. Suspicion of iron-deficiency anemia arose only after it was determined that sodium balance was achievable during supervised sodium restriction. ... ...

    Abstract A young woman was referred for nephrologic evaluation of hypertension and a curious desire for table salt. Suspicion of iron-deficiency anemia arose only after it was determined that sodium balance was achievable during supervised sodium restriction. This salt craving abated within 2 weeks of initiation of iron replacement therapy. Although pica is a common manifestation of iron deficiency, this appears to be the first reported case of salt pica secondary to iron deficiency.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anemia, Hypochromic/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hypernatremia/etiology ; Pica/etiology ; Sodium Chloride
    Chemical Substances Sodium Chloride (451W47IQ8X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1985-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604539-x
    ISSN 1523-6838 ; 0272-6386
    ISSN (online) 1523-6838
    ISSN 0272-6386
    DOI 10.1016/s0272-6386(85)80140-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: CTGF, intestinal stellate cells and carcinoid fibrogenesis.

    Kidd, M / Modlin, I M / Shapiro, M D / Camp, R L / Mane, S M / Usinger, W / Murren, J R

    World journal of gastroenterology

    2007  Volume 13, Issue 39, Page(s) 5208–5216

    Abstract: Aim: To investigate the role of small intestinal carcinoid tumor-derived fibrotic mediators, TGFbeta1 and CTGF, in the mediation of fibrosis via activation of an "intestinal" stellate cell.: Methods: GI carcinoid tumors were collected for Q RT-PCR ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To investigate the role of small intestinal carcinoid tumor-derived fibrotic mediators, TGFbeta1 and CTGF, in the mediation of fibrosis via activation of an "intestinal" stellate cell.
    Methods: GI carcinoid tumors were collected for Q RT-PCR analysis of CTGF and TGFbeta1. Markers of stellate cell desmoplasia were identified in peritoneal fibrosis by immunohistochemistry and stellate cells cultured from fresh resected fibrotic tissue. CTGF and TGFbeta1 were evaluated using quantitative tissue array profiling (AQUA analysis) in a GI carcinoid tissue microarray (TMA) with immunostaining and correlated with clinical and histologically documented fibrosis. Serum CTGF was analyzed using a sandwich ELISA assay.
    Results: Message levels of both CTGF and TGFbeta1 in SI carcinoid tumors were significantly increased (> 2-fold, P < 0.05) versus normal mucosa and gastric (non-fibrotic) carcinoids. Activated stellate cells and markers of stellate cell-mediated fibrosis (vimentin, desmin) were identified in histological fibrosis. An intestinal stellate cell was immunocytochemically and biochemically characterized and its TGFbeta1 (10-7M) initiated CTGF transcription response (> 3-fold, P < 0.05) demonstrated. In SI carcinoid tumor patients with documented fibrosis, TMA analysis demonstrated higher CTGF immunostaining (AQUA Score: 92 +/- 8; P < 0.05), as well as elevated TGFbeta1 (90.6 +/- 4.4, P < 0.05). Plasma CTGF (normal 12.5 +/- 2.6 ng/mL) was increased in SI carcinoid tumor patients (31 +/- 10 ng/mL, P < 0.05) compared to non-fibrotic GI carcinoids (< 15 ng/mL).
    Conclusion: SI carcinoid tumor fibrosis is a CTGF/TGFbeta1-mediated stellate cell-driven fibrotic response. The delineation of the biology of fibrosis will facilitate diagnosis and enable development of agents to obviate its local and systemic complications.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoid Tumor/etiology ; Carcinoid Tumor/metabolism ; Carcinoid Tumor/pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cells, Cultured ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/pathology ; Female ; Fibrosis/etiology ; Fibrosis/metabolism ; Fibrosis/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/etiology ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Tissue Array Analysis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
    Chemical Substances CCN2 protein, human ; Immediate-Early Proteins ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor (139568-91-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-08-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2185929-2
    ISSN 2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
    ISSN (online) 2219-2840
    ISSN 1007-9327
    DOI 10.3748/wjg.v13.i39.5208
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Intranasal deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin shortens the bleeding time in uremia.

    Shapiro, M D / Kelleher, S P

    American journal of nephrology

    1984  Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 260–261

    Abstract: Clinical bleeding in uremia is a frequent problem and seems to correlate with a prolonged bleeding time. The vasopressin analog deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin has been shown to shorten the bleeding time and to decrease clinical bleeding when ... ...

    Abstract Clinical bleeding in uremia is a frequent problem and seems to correlate with a prolonged bleeding time. The vasopressin analog deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin has been shown to shorten the bleeding time and to decrease clinical bleeding when administered intravenously to uremic patients. In the present study we administered the readily available intranasal deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin to 2 uremic patients and demonstrated a decreased bleeding time and improvement in clinical bleeding.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Intranasal ; Aged ; Arginine Vasopressin/administration & dosage ; Bleeding Time ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/administration & dosage ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Uremia/blood ; Uremia/complications
    Chemical Substances Arginine Vasopressin (113-79-1) ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin (ENR1LLB0FP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1984
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604540-6
    ISSN 0250-8095
    ISSN 0250-8095
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Direction of gaze while walking a simple route: persons with normal vision and persons with retinitis pigmentosa.

    Turano, K A / Geruschat, D R / Baker, F H / Stahl, J W / Shapiro, M D

    Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry

    2001  Volume 78, Issue 9, Page(s) 667–675

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether persons with advanced vision impairment, when walking an unfamiliar route, visually sample the environment in a different manner than do persons with normal vision.: Methods: Direction of ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether persons with advanced vision impairment, when walking an unfamiliar route, visually sample the environment in a different manner than do persons with normal vision.
    Methods: Direction of gaze was measured in six persons with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and in three persons with normal vision as they walked an unfamiliar, obstacle-free route while viewing the environment in a head-mounted display.
    Results: Persons with RP fixated over a larger area in the environment and at different features than did persons with normal vision. Persons with normal vision directed their gaze primarily ahead or at the goal, whereas persons with RP directed their gaze at objects on the walls, downward, or at the layout (i.e., edge-lines or boundaries between walls). The results also showed a significant negative correlation between the horizontal visual field extent of the RP subjects and the proportion of downward-directed fixations.
    Conclusions: Persons with advanced vision impairment as a result of RP visually sample the environment in a manner different from persons with normal vision.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Eye Movements/physiology ; Fixation, Ocular/physiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/physiopathology ; Vision, Low/physiopathology ; Vision, Ocular/physiology ; Walking
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1001706-9
    ISSN 1538-9235 ; 1040-5488
    ISSN (online) 1538-9235
    ISSN 1040-5488
    DOI 10.1097/00006324-200109000-00012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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