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  1. Article ; Online: Overview of recent advances in the classification of ependymomas in WHO CNS5 classification: Simplified approach to their integrated diagnosis.

    Gupta, Rakesh K / Sharma, Agrima / Sharma, Mehar C

    Indian journal of pathology & microbiology

    2022  Volume 65, Issue Supplement, Page(s) S68–S72

    Abstract: Ependymomas can arise along the entire neuraxis; however, they possess site-specific unique molecular alterations and a methylome pattern which is directly related with the prognostic outcomes. Since 2016, when the updated fourth edition of World Health ... ...

    Abstract Ependymomas can arise along the entire neuraxis; however, they possess site-specific unique molecular alterations and a methylome pattern which is directly related with the prognostic outcomes. Since 2016, when the updated fourth edition of World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system was published, it has been emphasized to classify ependymomas by anatomic site and molecular signatures associated genetic alterations so that classification of the disease reflects its underlying biology. In continuation, the fifth edition of the WHO classification of CNS tumors introduces major changes, including site-specific molecular profiles as the basis of classifying ependymomas. Furthermore, an integrated tier system of reporting is recommended for better clinical correlation and predicting outcomes. WHO grading can still be included in a specific tier, along with molecular markers.
    MeSH term(s) Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics ; Ependymoma/diagnosis ; Ependymoma/genetics ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Supratentorial Neoplasms/genetics ; Supratentorial Neoplasms/pathology ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-13
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 197621-7
    ISSN 0974-5130 ; 0377-4929
    ISSN (online) 0974-5130
    ISSN 0377-4929
    DOI 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1212_21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Congenital Myasthenia Syndrome Due to a Novel DPAGT1 Gene Mutation - An Error of Glycosylation Masquerading as a Congenital Myopathy.

    Mahesan, Aakash / Kamila, Gautam / Tiwari, Richa / Das, Sumanta / Sharma, Mehar C / Jauhari, Prashant / Chakrabarty, Biswaroop / Gulati, Sheffali

    Neurology India

    2024  Volume 72, Issue 1, Page(s) 175–177

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Glycosylation ; Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital/diagnosis ; Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital/genetics ; Muscular Diseases ; Myotonia Congenita ; Mutation/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 415522-1
    ISSN 1998-4022 ; 0028-3886
    ISSN (online) 1998-4022
    ISSN 0028-3886
    DOI 10.4103/neurol-india.Neurol-India-D-23-00582
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Primary intradural extramedullary spinal Burkitt's lymphoma mimicking a nerve sheath tumor: a case report.

    Bansal, Tungish / Sahu, Saumya / Sharma, Mehar C / Borkar, Sachin

    Spinal cord series and cases

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 53

    Abstract: Spinal involvement in lymphomas is often associated with advanced disease. Primary spinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare entity. A 47-year-old male presented with a history of neck pain followed by progressive quadriparesis and bowel bladder ... ...

    Abstract Spinal involvement in lymphomas is often associated with advanced disease. Primary spinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare entity. A 47-year-old male presented with a history of neck pain followed by progressive quadriparesis and bowel bladder involvement over a 5-month period. The magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of an intradural extramedullary lesion at the C1-C2 vertebra level. A surgical excision was done and the histopathology revealed atypical lymphoid cells, which are immunopositive for CD45, CD20, MUM-1, and BCL6, while negative for BCL2, EBV (LMP-1 and CISH), Cyclin D1 and confirmed the diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. The patient received chemotherapy in the form of CODOX-M/IVAC (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate/ifosfamide, etoposide, high-dose cytarabine) regimen. Primary spinal intradural extramedullary Burkitt's lymphoma is a rare diagnosis that may often be difficult to differentiate radiologically from other causes of intradural extramedullary lesions. A thorough histological examination is warranted in such cases.
    MeSH term(s) Burkitt Lymphoma/diagnosis ; Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy ; Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology ; Cytarabine/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Ifosfamide/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Cytarabine (04079A1RDZ) ; Ifosfamide (UM20QQM95Y)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2058-6124
    ISSN (online) 2058-6124
    DOI 10.1038/s41394-022-00520-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A Genetically Confirmed Case of Laminopathy: Clues from the Clinical Picture and Muscle Biopsy.

    Badal, Sachendra / Sharma, Mehar C / Chakrabarty, Biswaroop / Jauhari, Prashant / Gulati, Sheffali

    Neurology India

    2023  Volume 71, Issue 2, Page(s) 390–391

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Biopsy ; Laminopathies/pathology ; Muscles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-06
    Publishing country India
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 415522-1
    ISSN 1998-4022 ; 0028-3886
    ISSN (online) 1998-4022
    ISSN 0028-3886
    DOI 10.4103/0028-3886.375391
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System 5

    Mahajan, Swati / Suri, Vaishali / Sahu, Saumya / Sharma, Mehar C / Sarkar, Chitra

    Indian journal of pathology & microbiology

    2022  Volume 65, Issue Supplement, Page(s) S5–S13

    Abstract: The latest fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors (WHO CNS5) has been built on the prior WHO 2016 classification as well as recommendations put forward by seven updates of the Consortium to Inform ... ...

    Abstract The latest fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors (WHO CNS5) has been built on the prior WHO 2016 classification as well as recommendations put forward by seven updates of the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy (cIMPACT). Various new tumor types and subtypes have been recognized which are of clinical significance. Tumor groups have been restructured and the nomenclature of some tumor types has also been revised. The use of terms 'entity' and 'variant' have been replaced by 'type' and 'subtype'. Significant changes have been introduced in the grading of tumors viz. use of Arabic numerals, grading within individual tumor types and combined histological and molecular grading. The terms 'Not otherwise specified' and 'Not elsewhere classified' can now be used for all tumor types. WHO CNS5 also for the first time endorses the use of DNA methylation profiling for the diagnosis of some tumor types/subtypes. Finally, the importance of combining histology with molecular parameters is emphasized for the "layered reporting" and "integrated diagnosis", which will provide valuable diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information, as well as for some entities, suggest targeted therapies.
    MeSH term(s) Central Nervous System/pathology ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Histological Techniques ; Humans ; Prognosis ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-13
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 197621-7
    ISSN 0974-5130 ; 0377-4929
    ISSN (online) 0974-5130
    ISSN 0377-4929
    DOI 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_48_22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Pediatric-type diffuse low grade gliomas: Histomolecular profile and practical approach to their integrated diagnosis according to the WHO CNS5 classification.

    Purkait, Suvendu / Mahajan, Swati / Sharma, Mehar C / Sarkar, Chitra / Suri, Vaishali

    Indian journal of pathology & microbiology

    2022  Volume 65, Issue Supplement, Page(s) S42–S49

    Abstract: Low-grade gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms in the pediatric age group. The majority of these tumors are circumscribed, while diffuse low-grade gliomas are relatively rare. The pediatric type diffuse low-grade ... ...

    Abstract Low-grade gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms in the pediatric age group. The majority of these tumors are circumscribed, while diffuse low-grade gliomas are relatively rare. The pediatric type diffuse low-grade gliomas (pDLGG) have a distinctly different biological behavior, molecular profile, and clinical outcome as compared to their adult counterpart. In the 5
    MeSH term(s) Astrocytoma/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Child ; Glioma/pathology ; Humans ; Mutation ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-13
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 197621-7
    ISSN 0974-5130 ; 0377-4929
    ISSN (online) 0974-5130
    ISSN 0377-4929
    DOI 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1043_21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The evolution of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: from genesis to molecular alterations and mimics.

    Mahajan, Swati / Dandapath, Iman / Garg, Ajay / Sharma, Mehar C / Suri, Vaishali / Sarkar, Chitra

    Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology

    2022  Volume 102, Issue 7, Page(s) 670–681

    Abstract: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) are rare tumors accounting for less than 1% of astrocytomas. They commonly occur in young patients and have relatively favorable prognosis. However, they are well known to have heterogenous morphology and biological ... ...

    Abstract Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) are rare tumors accounting for less than 1% of astrocytomas. They commonly occur in young patients and have relatively favorable prognosis. However, they are well known to have heterogenous morphology and biological behavior with the potential to recur and disseminate throughout the central nervous system, especially their anaplastic counterparts. Recent advances in the molecular characterization have discovered BRAFp.V600E mutations in conjunction with CDKN2A/B deletions and TERTp mutations to be the most frequent alterations in PXAs. These tumors can present a diagnostic challenge as they share overlapping histopathological, genomic as well as methylation profile with various other tumor types, particularly epithelioid glioblastomas (eGBs). This review provides the spectrum of evolution of PXAs from their genesis to recent molecular insights and attempts to review pathogenesis and relationship to other tumors that they mimic especially eGB. It is postulated based on evidence from literature that PXA and eGB are possibly related and not distinct entities, being two ends of a continuous spectrum of malignant progression (grade 2-grade 4) with anaplastic PXA (grade 3) lying in between. Future WHO classifications will have to possibly redefine these tumors using more confirmatory data from larger studies.
    MeSH term(s) Astrocytoma/genetics ; Astrocytoma/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Mutation ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
    Chemical Substances Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80178-1
    ISSN 1530-0307 ; 0023-6837
    ISSN (online) 1530-0307
    ISSN 0023-6837
    DOI 10.1038/s41374-021-00708-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: PD-L1 expression in rare and aggressive thyroid cancers: A preliminary investigation for a role of immunotherapy.

    Boruah, Monikongkona / Gaddam, Pranitha / Agarwal, Shipra / Mir, Riyaz Ahmad / Gupta, Ranjan / Sharma, Mehar C / S Deo, Suryanarayana V / Nilima, Nilima

    Journal of cancer research and therapeutics

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 312–320

    Abstract: Background and aim: Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunoexpression status determines the response to immunotherapy in many cancers. Limited data exist on PD-L1 status in aggressive thyroid tumors. We investigated PD-L1 expression across thyroid ...

    Abstract Background and aim: Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunoexpression status determines the response to immunotherapy in many cancers. Limited data exist on PD-L1 status in aggressive thyroid tumors. We investigated PD-L1 expression across thyroid cancers and correlated it with their molecular profile.
    Materials and methods: Sixty-five cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) were assessed for PD-L1 expression (clone SP263, VENTANA). The differentiated cases encompassed the aggressive hobnail and tall cell subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) besides classical PTC and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Ten nodular goiters (NG) were also evaluated. Tumor proportion score (TPS) and H-score were calculated. BRAF
    Results: Most PTC (87%) and ATC (73%) cases were PD-L1 positive (TPS ≥1%), with significantly higher positivity rates than NG (20%). TPS >50% was seen in 60% ATC and 7% PTC cases. The median TPS and H-score of ATC were 56 (0-96.6) and 168 (0-275), respectively, and of PTC were 9.6 (4-16.8) and 17.8 (6.6-38.6), respectively. The scores were similar across the PTC subtypes. Only one case each of FTC and PDTC was PD-L1 positive. PD-L1 expression correlated significantly with BRAF
    Conclusions: ATC showed intense and diffuse PD-L1 staining. Although most PTCs were PD-L1 positive, the expression was weaker and patchy, irrespective of the histological subtype. Results of this pilot study indicate that ATC is most likely to respond to immunotherapy. PTC, FTC, and PDTC may be less amenable to immunotherapy. PD-L1 expression correlated significantly with BRAF
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; B7-H1 Antigen/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics ; Pilot Projects ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics ; Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy ; Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism ; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/genetics ; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/therapy ; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Mutation ; Immunotherapy
    Chemical Substances B7-H1 Antigen ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf (EC 2.7.11.1) ; prolinedithiocarbamate (135467-92-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-01
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2187633-2
    ISSN 1998-4138 ; 0973-1482
    ISSN (online) 1998-4138
    ISSN 0973-1482
    DOI 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1471_22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Macrofollicular Architecture in Invasive Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Pitfall in Thyroid Practice.

    Yadav, Sujata / Kandasamy, Devasenathipathy / Damle, Nishikant / Goel, Rashi / Chumber, Sunil / Sharma, Mehar C / Boruah, Monikongkona / Agarwal, Shipra

    Head and neck pathology

    2023  Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) 899–909

    Abstract: Background: Predominantly macrofollicular architecture in invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (IEFVPTC-MF) is rare and often a cause of misinterpretation during pre-operative work-up and histopathology evaluation. We ... ...

    Abstract Background: Predominantly macrofollicular architecture in invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (IEFVPTC-MF) is rare and often a cause of misinterpretation during pre-operative work-up and histopathology evaluation. We comprehensively evaluated the radiological, cytological, gross, microscopic, molecular and follow-up characteristics of four such cases, intending to increase its recognition and add our experience to the limited literature available.
    Methods: All such histopathologically-proven cases of IEFVPTC-MF were retrieved from the departmental archives. The clinical details, thyroid ultrasound, cytology and thyroid scan findings were reviewed. Allele-specific PCR for BRAF p.V600E, KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS mutations, and FISH assays for ETV6::NTRK3 fusion and RET fusions were performed.
    Results: There were four cases of IEFVPTC-MF diagnosed between 2021 and 2022, involving two males and two females. The median age at presentation was 27 years, and the duration of the disease was 1-10 years. Thyroid ultrasound was TR1 (benign; n = 1), TR2 (not suspicious; n = 2), or TR4 (moderately suspicious; n = 1). Cytology was categorized as nondiagnostic (n = 1), benign (n = 1), and atypia of undetermined significance (n = 1). The three nodules with available cytology smears showed abundant colloid. Cells were arranged as sheets/microfollicles/clusters. Nuclei were predominantly round with minimal/focal elongation, membrane irregularity, and cellular crowding. On gross examination, cut surfaces of the tumors showed variable amounts of colloid. The tumors were solid-cystic. Histopathology revealed partially encapsulated multinodular tumors. There were prominent pseudopapillae projecting into the lumina of macrofollicles. Nuclei were predominantly round with variable nuclear atypia, including chromatin clearing and multifocal presence of nuclear grooves. Pseudoinclusions were identified in two. Molecular analysis revealed NRAS codon 61 mutation and ETV6::NTRK3 fusion in one case each. Two patients had cervical lymph node and hematogenous metastases. Post-radio-active iodine, the response was structurally incomplete (n = 2), indeterminate (n = 1) and excellent (n = 1).
    Conclusions: Macrofollicular architecture in invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is a major pitfall in thyroid oncology practice. Long-standing disease, and ultrasonographic and cytological features that overlap with benign disease, often lead to underdiagnosis during pre-operative evaluation. As patients may consequently develop distant metastases and have inadequate treatment response, there is a need for more vigilant understanding of the spectrum of macrofollicular thyroid disease for accurate diagnosis. ETV6::NTRK3 or other fusions, when found, present opportunities for targeted therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/genetics ; Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics ; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology ; Adenocarcinoma ; Colloids ; Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
    Chemical Substances Colloids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2407834-7
    ISSN 1936-0568 ; 1936-055X
    ISSN (online) 1936-0568
    ISSN 1936-055X
    DOI 10.1007/s12105-023-01584-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Current status of DNA methylation profiling in neuro-oncology as a diagnostic support tool: A review.

    Singh, Jyotsna / Sahu, Saumya / Mohan, Trishala / Mahajan, Swati / Sharma, Mehar C / Sarkar, Chitra / Suri, Vaishali

    Neuro-oncology practice

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 6, Page(s) 518–526

    Abstract: Over the last 2 decades, high throughput genome-wide molecular profiling has revealed characteristic genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with different types of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. DNA methylation profiling has emerged as an ... ...

    Abstract Over the last 2 decades, high throughput genome-wide molecular profiling has revealed characteristic genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with different types of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. DNA methylation profiling has emerged as an important molecular platform for CNS tumor classification with improved diagnostic accuracy and patient risk stratification in comparison to the standard of care histopathological analysis and any single molecular tests. The emergence of DNA methylation arrays have also played a crucial role in refining existing types and the discovery of new tumor types or subtypes. The adoption of methylation data into neuro-oncology has been greatly aided by the development of a freely accessible machine learning-based classifier. In this review, we discuss methylation workflow, address the utility of DNA methylation profiling in CNS tumors in a routine diagnostic setting, and provide an overview of the methylation-based tumor types and new types or subtypes identified with this platform.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2768945-1
    ISSN 2054-2585 ; 2054-2577
    ISSN (online) 2054-2585
    ISSN 2054-2577
    DOI 10.1093/nop/npad040
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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