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  1. Article ; Online: The Epidemiology and Geographic Patterns of Natural Disaster and Extreme Weather Mortality by Race and Ethnicity, United States, 1999-2018.

    Sharpe, J Danielle / Wolkin, Amy F

    Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)

    2021  Volume 137, Issue 6, Page(s) 1118–1125

    Abstract: Objectives: The adverse effects that racial and ethnic minority groups experience before, during, and after disaster events are of public health concern. The objective of this study was to examine disparities in the epidemiologic and geographic patterns ...

    Abstract Objectives: The adverse effects that racial and ethnic minority groups experience before, during, and after disaster events are of public health concern. The objective of this study was to examine disparities in the epidemiologic and geographic patterns of natural disaster and extreme weather mortality by race and ethnicity.
    Methods: We used mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2018. We defined natural disaster and extreme weather mortality based on
    Results: Natural disasters and extreme weather caused 27 335 deaths in the United States during 1999-2018. Although non-Hispanic White people represented 68% of total natural disaster and extreme weather mortality, the mortality rate per 100 000 population among non-Hispanic Black people was 1.87 times higher (0.71) and among non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native people was 7.34 times higher (2.79) than among non-Hispanic White people (0.38). For all racial and ethnic groups, exposure to extreme heat and cold were the 2 greatest causes of natural disaster and extreme weather mortality. Racial and ethnic disparities in natural disaster and extreme weather mortality were highest in the South, Southwest, Mountain West, and Upper Midwest.
    Conclusions: Racial and ethnic minority populations have a greater likelihood of mortality from natural disaster or extreme weather events than non-Hispanic White people. Our study strengthens the current knowledge base on these disparities and may inform and improve disaster preparedness and response efforts.
    MeSH term(s) Ethnicity ; Extreme Weather ; Humans ; Minority Groups ; Natural Disasters ; United States/epidemiology ; White People
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120953-x
    ISSN 1468-2877 ; 0033-3549
    ISSN (online) 1468-2877
    ISSN 0033-3549
    DOI 10.1177/00333549211047235
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Association between social vulnerability factors and unintentional fatal injury rates - United States, 2015-2019.

    Wulz, Avital R / Sharpe, J Danielle / Miller, Gabrielle F / Wolkin, Amy F

    Journal of safety research

    2023  Volume 86, Page(s) 245–252

    Abstract: Background: Differences in social and environmental factors can contribute to disparities in fatal injury rates. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social and environmental factors and unintentional fatal injury across ... ...

    Abstract Background: Differences in social and environmental factors can contribute to disparities in fatal injury rates. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social and environmental factors and unintentional fatal injury across counties in the United States and how this relationship varies by geography.
    Methods: County-level vital statistics on age-adjusted unintentional fatal injury rates for 2015-2019 were linked with county-level data from the 2018 Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a dataset identifying socially vulnerable communities. We conducted linear regression to examine the association between SVI and unintentional fatal injury, overall and by Census region/division. We mapped county-level data for SVI and unintentional fatal injury rates in bivariate choropleth maps using quartiles.
    Results: SVI was positively associated with unintentional fatal injury (β = 18.29, p < 0.001) across U.S. counties. The geographic distribution of SVI and unintentional fatal injury rates varied spatially and substantially for U.S. counties, with counties in the South and West regions having the greatest levels of SVI and rates of unintentional fatal injury.
    Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the social vulnerability of counties is associated with unintentional fatal injury rates. Modification of the SVI for injury research could include additional social determinants and exclude variables not applicable to injuries. A modified SVI could inform unintentional injury prevention strategies by prioritizing efforts in areas with high levels of social vulnerability.
    Practical applications: This study is the first step in combining the SVI and injury mortality data to provide researchers with an index to investigate upstream factors related to injury.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Social Vulnerability ; Accidental Injuries ; Linear Models
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2015321-1
    ISSN 1879-1247 ; 0022-4375
    ISSN (online) 1879-1247
    ISSN 0022-4375
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.07.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Pharmacy Functionality During the Hurricane Florence Disaster.

    Sharpe, J Danielle / Clennon, Julie A

    Disaster medicine and public health preparedness

    2019  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 93–102

    Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze pharmacy functionality, or the volume of operational pharmacies, among areas in North Carolina and South Carolina affected by Hurricane Florence.: Methods: Using geographic information system software ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze pharmacy functionality, or the volume of operational pharmacies, among areas in North Carolina and South Carolina affected by Hurricane Florence.
    Methods: Using geographic information system software and data from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and Healthcare Ready, we computed, mapped, and analyzed pharmacy functionality measures for the period of September 12, 2018, through September 20, 2018, among counties in North Carolina and South Carolina to examine health-care-related disaster readiness for and response to Hurricane Florence.
    Results: In the Hurricane Florence-impacted region, counties located along the coast had the most suboptimal pharmacy functionality, whereas counties located more centrally within North Carolina and South Carolina had more optimal pharmacy functionality throughout the disaster. Generally, functionality was high at Hurricane Florence's landfall on September 14, 2018, for which operating pharmacy capacity was reported at 85% in North Carolina and 88% in South Carolina. Both states had the lowest functionality on September 16, 2018, at 71% for North Carolina and 62% for South Carolina.
    Conclusions: During the Hurricane Florence event, suboptimal pharmacy functionality was detected for coastal areas and during the disaster response period. Hurricane readiness plans and infrastructure strengthening should be emphasized for community pharmacies in hurricane-prone areas.
    MeSH term(s) Cyclonic Storms/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; North Carolina ; Pharmacies/standards ; Pharmacies/statistics & numerical data ; South Carolina ; Surge Capacity/standards ; Surge Capacity/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2375268-3
    ISSN 1938-744X ; 1935-7893
    ISSN (online) 1938-744X
    ISSN 1935-7893
    DOI 10.1017/dmp.2019.114
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Effects of mode of transportation on PrEP persistence among urban men who have sex with men.

    Sharpe, J Danielle / Siegler, Aaron J / Sanchez, Travis H / Guest, Jodie L / Sullivan, Patrick S

    AIDS care

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 9, Page(s) 1411–1419

    Abstract: Little is known about the effect of travel-related factors, such as mode of transportation, on retention in PrEP care, or PrEP persistence. We used data from the 2020 American Men's Internet Survey and conducted multilevel logistic regression to estimate ...

    Abstract Little is known about the effect of travel-related factors, such as mode of transportation, on retention in PrEP care, or PrEP persistence. We used data from the 2020 American Men's Internet Survey and conducted multilevel logistic regression to estimate the association between mode of transportation used for healthcare access and PrEP persistence among urban gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in the U.S. MSM using public transportation were less likely to report PrEP persistence (aOR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28-0.95) than MSM using private transportation. There were no significant associations between PrEP persistence and using active transportation (aOR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.35-1.29) or multimodal transportation (aOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.51-1.43) compared to using private transportation. Transportation-related interventions and policies are needed to address structural barriers to accessing PrEP services and to improve PrEP persistence in urban areas.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Homosexuality, Male ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Travel ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Travel-Related Illness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1012651-x
    ISSN 1360-0451 ; 0954-0121
    ISSN (online) 1360-0451
    ISSN 0954-0121
    DOI 10.1080/09540121.2023.2217375
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: A systematic evaluation of mobile apps to improve the uptake of and adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.

    Sharpe, J Danielle / Kamara, Mustapha T

    Sexual health

    2018  Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) 587–594

    Abstract: Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, has been shown to be effective at reducing the risk of HIV infection, yet persons at-risk for acquiring HIV exhibit suboptimal uptake of and adherence to this prevention modality. Although PrEP use among all ... ...

    Abstract Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, has been shown to be effective at reducing the risk of HIV infection, yet persons at-risk for acquiring HIV exhibit suboptimal uptake of and adherence to this prevention modality. Although PrEP use among all at-risk groups is low, mobile apps have been shown to increase the use of PrEP; however, it is unknown whether currently available apps have been designed with features to facilitate PrEP uptake and adherence.
    Methods: The Google Play store and Apple App store were systematically searched for currently available PrEP-related apps. A qualitative evaluation was conducted on apps that met the inclusion criteria for the presence of features that can contribute to PrEP uptake and adherence, and the quality of apps was assessed using the Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS) tool.
    Results: From the systematic search, less than 2% (11/621) of the identified apps were relevant to improving PrEP uptake and adherence. Demonstrating a moderate capacity for facilitating PrEP use, the 11 PrEP-related apps, on average, contained features that addressed two of four factors that can contribute to the uptake of PrEP, particularly features that provided comprehensive information on PrEP and resources to locate providers and clinics offering PrEP services. Findings from the app quality assessment suggested that existing PrEP-related apps are of acceptable quality (mean overall MARS score: 3.2 on a five-point scale).
    Conclusion: Overall, currently available mobile apps for PrEP demonstrate some promise as potential avenues for increasing PrEP uptake and adherence among persons at-risk for HIV infection.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Mobile Applications ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Qualitative Research ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-20
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2256731-8
    ISSN 1449-8987 ; 1448-5028
    ISSN (online) 1449-8987
    ISSN 1448-5028
    DOI 10.1071/SH18120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Coping with oil spills: oil exposure and anxiety among residents of Gulf Coast states after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill.

    Goldman, Zachary E / Kaufman, John A / Sharpe, J Danielle / Wolkin, Amy F / Gribble, Matthew O

    UCL open environment

    2022  Volume 4

    Abstract: In April 2010, a fatal explosion on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in the largest marine oil spill in history. This research describes the association of oil exposure with anxiety after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill ... ...

    Abstract In April 2010, a fatal explosion on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in the largest marine oil spill in history. This research describes the association of oil exposure with anxiety after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and evaluates effect modification by self-mastery, emotional support and cleanup participation. To assess the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted the Gulf States Population Survey (GSPS), a random-digit-dial telephone cross-sectional survey completed between December 2010 and December 2011 with 38,361 responses in four different Gulf Coast states: Louisiana, Florida, Alabama and Mississippi. Anxiety severity was measured using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symptom inventory. We used Tobit regression to model underlying anxiety as a function of oil exposure and hypothesised effect modifiers, adjusting for socio-demographics. Latent anxiety was higher among those with direct contact with oil than among those who did not have direct contact with oil in confounder-adjusted models [β = 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78, 4.91]. Among individuals with direct contact with oil, there was no significant interaction between participating in cleanup activities and emotional support for anxiety (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2632-0886
    ISSN (online) 2632-0886
    DOI 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000035
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Association between the geographic accessibility of PrEP and PrEP use among MSM in nonurban areas.

    Sharpe, J Danielle / Sanchez, Travis H / Siegler, Aaron J / Guest, Jodie L / Sullivan, Patrick S

    The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 948–959

    Abstract: Purpose: The US HIV epidemic has become a public health issue that increasingly affects men who have sex with men (MSM), including those residing in nonurban areas. Increasing access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in nonurban areas will prevent HIV ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The US HIV epidemic has become a public health issue that increasingly affects men who have sex with men (MSM), including those residing in nonurban areas. Increasing access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in nonurban areas will prevent HIV acquisition and could address the growing HIV epidemic. No studies have quantified the associations between PrEP access and PrEP use among nonurban MSM.
    Methods: Using 2020 PrEP Locator data and American Men's Internet Survey data, we conducted multilevel log-binomial regression to examine the association between area-level geographic accessibility of PrEP-providing clinics and individual-level PrEP use among MSM residing in nonurban areas in the United States.
    Findings: Of 4,792 PrEP-eligible nonurban MSM, 20.1% resided in a PrEP desert (defined as more than a 30-minute drive to access PrEP), and 15.2% used PrEP in the past 12 months. In adjusted models, suburban MSM residing in PrEP deserts were less likely to use PrEP in the past year (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15, 0.80) than suburban MSM not residing in PrEP deserts, and other nonurban MSM residing in PrEP deserts were less likely to use PrEP in the past year (aPR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.95) than other nonurban MSM not residing in PrEP deserts.
    Conclusions: Structural interventions designed to decrease barriers to PrEP access that are unique to nonurban areas in the United States are needed to address the growing HIV epidemic in these communities.
    MeSH term(s) Epidemics ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639160-6
    ISSN 1748-0361 ; 0890-765X
    ISSN (online) 1748-0361
    ISSN 0890-765X
    DOI 10.1111/jrh.12645
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Comparison of Demographic Characteristics and Social Determinants of Health Between Adults With Diagnosed HIV and All Adults in the U.S.

    Dasgupta, Sharoda / McManus, Tim / Tie, Yunfeng / Lin, Carol Yen-Chin / Yuan, Xin / Sharpe, J Danielle / Fletcher, Kelly M / Beer, Linda

    AJPM focus

    2023  Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 100115

    Abstract: Introduction: Quantifying disparities in social determinants of health between people with HIV and the total population could help address health inequities, and ensure health and well-being among people with HIV in the U.S., but estimates are lacking.!# ...

    Abstract Introduction: Quantifying disparities in social determinants of health between people with HIV and the total population could help address health inequities, and ensure health and well-being among people with HIV in the U.S., but estimates are lacking.
    Methods: Several representative data sources were used to assess differences in social determinants of health between adults with diagnosed HIV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Medical Monitoring Project) and the total adult population (U.S. Census Bureau's decennial census, American Community Survey, Household Pulse Survey, the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements; the Department of Housing and Urban Development's point-in-time estimates of homelessness; and the Bureau of Justice Statistics). The differences were quantified using standardized prevalence differences and standardized prevalence ratios, adjusting for differences in age, race/ethnicity, and birth sex between people with HIV and the total U.S. population.
    Results: Overall, 35.6% of people with HIV were living in a household with an income at or below the federal poverty level, and 8.1% recently experienced homelessness. Additionally, 42.9% had Medicaid and 27.6% had Medicare; 39.7% were living with a disability. Over half (52.3%) lived in large central metropolitan counties and 20.6% spoke English
    Conclusions: These findings provide a baseline for assessing national-level disparities in social determinants of health between people with HIV and the total U.S. population, and it can be used as a model to assess local disparities. Addressing social determinants of health is essential for achieving health equity, requiring a multipronged approach with interventions at the provider, facility, and policy levels.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2773-0654
    ISSN (online) 2773-0654
    DOI 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100115
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Incidence of Stomach, Liver, and Colorectal Cancers by Geography and Social Vulnerability Among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations, 2010-2019.

    Melkonian, Stephanie C / Jim, Melissa A / Reza, Avid / Peipins, Lucy A / Haverkamp, Donald / Said, Nathania / Sharpe, J Danielle

    American journal of epidemiology

    2023  Volume 193, Issue 1, Page(s) 58–74

    Abstract: Social determinants of health and associated systems, policies, and practices are important drivers of health disparities. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations in the United States have elevated incidence rates of stomach, liver, and ... ...

    Abstract Social determinants of health and associated systems, policies, and practices are important drivers of health disparities. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations in the United States have elevated incidence rates of stomach, liver, and colorectal cancers compared with other racial/ethnic groups. In this study, we examined incidence rates of 3 types of gastrointestinal cancer among non-Hispanic AI/AN (NH-AI/AN) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations by geographic region and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) score. Incident cases diagnosed during 2010-2019 were identified from population-based cancer registries linked with the Indian Health Service patient registration databases. Age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000 population) for stomach, liver, and colorectal cancers were compared within NH-AI/AN populations and between the NH-AI/AN and NHW populations by SVI score. Rates were higher among NH-AI/AN populations in moderate- and high-SVI-score counties in Alaska, the Southern Plains, and the East than in low-SVI counties. Incidence rates among NH-AI/AN populations were elevated when compared with NHW populations by SVI category. Results indicated that higher social vulnerability may drive elevated cancer incidence among NH-AI/AN populations. Additionally, disparities between NH-AI/AN and NHW populations persist even when accounting for SVI. Exploring social vulnerability can aid in designing more effective interventions to address root causes of cancer disparities among AI/AN populations.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; American Indian or Alaska Native ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Geography ; Incidence ; Racial Groups ; Registries ; Social Vulnerability ; United States/epidemiology ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/aje/kwad194
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Association between the geographic accessibility of PrEP and PrEP use among MSM in nonurban areas

    Sharpe, J. Danielle / Sanchez, Travis H. / Siegler, Aaron J. / Guest, Jodie L. / Sullivan, Patrick S.

    Journal of rural health. 2022 Sept., v. 38, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: PURPOSE: The US HIV epidemic has become a public health issue that increasingly affects men who have sex with men (MSM), including those residing in nonurban areas. Increasing access to pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in nonurban areas will prevent HIV ... ...

    Abstract PURPOSE: The US HIV epidemic has become a public health issue that increasingly affects men who have sex with men (MSM), including those residing in nonurban areas. Increasing access to pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in nonurban areas will prevent HIV acquisition and could address the growing HIV epidemic. No studies have quantified the associations between PrEP access and PrEP use among nonurban MSM. METHODS: Using 2020 PrEP Locator data and American Men's Internet Survey data, we conducted multilevel log‐binomial regression to examine the association between area‐level geographic accessibility of PrEP‐providing clinics and individual‐level PrEP use among MSM residing in nonurban areas in the United States. FINDINGS: Of 4,792 PrEP‐eligible nonurban MSM, 20.1% resided in a PrEP desert (defined as more than a 30‐minute drive to access PrEP), and 15.2% used PrEP in the past 12 months. In adjusted models, suburban MSM residing in PrEP deserts were less likely to use PrEP in the past year (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15, 0.80) than suburban MSM not residing in PrEP deserts, and other nonurban MSM residing in PrEP deserts were less likely to use PrEP in the past year (aPR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.95) than other nonurban MSM not residing in PrEP deserts. CONCLUSIONS: Structural interventions designed to decrease barriers to PrEP access that are unique to nonurban areas in the United States are needed to address the growing HIV epidemic in these communities.
    Keywords Internet ; confidence interval ; disease prevention ; rural health ; surveys
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Size p. 948-959.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 639160-6
    ISSN 0890-765X
    ISSN 0890-765X
    DOI 10.1111/jrh.12645
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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