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  1. Article ; Online: UK Head and neck cancer surgical capacity during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: Have we learned the lessons? COVIDSurg collaborative.

    Shaw, Richard

    Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery

    2021  Volume 46, Issue 4, Page(s) 729–735

    Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in surgical capacity for head and neck cancer in the UK between the first wave (March-June 2020) and the current wave (Jan-Feb 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic.: Design: REDcap online- ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in surgical capacity for head and neck cancer in the UK between the first wave (March-June 2020) and the current wave (Jan-Feb 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Design: REDcap online-based survey of hospital capacity.
    Setting: UK secondary and tertiary hospitals providing head and neck cancer surgery.
    Participants: One representative per hospital was asked to report the capacity for head and neck cancer surgery in that institution.
    Main outcome measures: The principal measures of interests were new patient referrals, capacity in outpatients, theatres and critical care; therapeutic compromises constituting delay to surgery, de-escalated surgery and therapeutic migration to non-surgical primary modality.
    Results: Data were returned from approximately 95% of UK hospitals with a head and neck cancer surgery specialist service. 50% of UK head and neck cancer patients requiring surgery have significantly compromised treatments during the second wave: 28% delayed, 10% have received radiotherapy-based treatment instead of surgery, and 12% have received de-escalated surgery. Surgical capacity has been more severely constrained in the second wave (58% of pre-pandemic level) compared with the first wave (62%) despite the time to prepare.
    Conclusions: Some hospitals are overwhelmed by COVID-19 and unable to offer essential cancer surgery, but all have neighbouring hospitals in their region retaining good (or even normal) capacity. It is noteworthy that very few patients have been appropriately redirected away from the hospitals most constrained by their burden of COVID-19. The paucity of an effective central or regional strategic response to this evident mismatch between demand and surgical capacity is to the detriment of our head and neck cancer patients.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery ; Humans ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tertiary Care Centers ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 2205891-6
    ISSN 1749-4486 ; 1749-4478 ; 0307-7772 ; 1365-2273
    ISSN (online) 1749-4486
    ISSN 1749-4478 ; 0307-7772 ; 1365-2273
    DOI 10.1111/coa.13749
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: New Zealand

    Shaw, R

    Go hard and go early

    2020  

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract false
    Keywords covid19
    Publishing date 2020-06-17
    Publisher https://doi.org/10.26183/5ed5a2079cabd
    Publishing country nz
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Book ; Online: Collaborative Machine Learning-Driven Internet of Medical Things -- A Systematic Literature Review

    Shaw, Rohit

    2022  

    Abstract: The growing adoption of IoT devices for healthcare has enabled researchers to build intelligence using all the data produced by these devices. Monitoring and diagnosing health have been the two most common scenarios where such devices have proven ... ...

    Abstract The growing adoption of IoT devices for healthcare has enabled researchers to build intelligence using all the data produced by these devices. Monitoring and diagnosing health have been the two most common scenarios where such devices have proven beneficial. Achieving high prediction accuracy was a top priority initially, but the focus has slowly shifted to efficiency and higher throughput, and processing the data from these devices in a distributed manner has proven to help achieve both. Since the field of machine learning is vast with numerous state-of-the-art algorithms in play, it has been a challenge to identify the algorithms that perform best in different scenarios. In this literature review, we explored the distributed machine learning algorithms tested by the authors of the selected studies and identified the ones that achieved the best prediction accuracy in each healthcare scenario. While no algorithm performed consistently, Random Forest performed the best in a few studies. This could serve as a good starting point for future studies on collaborative machine learning on IoMT data.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2022-07-13
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Risk Awareness and Impediments to Disaster Preparedness of Foreign Residents in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan.

    Adu-Gyamfi, Bismark / Shaw, Rajib

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 18

    Abstract: The likelihood of a mega-earthquake, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the threat of other disasters in the Tokyo Metropolitan area have necessitated collective responsibilities to take all possible actions to reduce their impacts. The experiences from past ... ...

    Abstract The likelihood of a mega-earthquake, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the threat of other disasters in the Tokyo Metropolitan area have necessitated collective responsibilities to take all possible actions to reduce their impacts. The experiences from past disasters have, however, highlighted the plight of foreign residents in coping with disasters and have reinvigorated calls for rigorous counteractions. As the population of foreign residents continues to increase in the metropolis, this research examines their awareness of risks and the obstacles that hinder disaster preparedness in the wake of future disasters. An Extended Parallel Process Model is utilized to analyze both secondary and primary data sources, and the results reveal that 65% perceive the severity of disaster as a threat and believe in a likelihood of occurrence in the city; however, the confidence to undertake some recommended countermeasures are lacking (with low efficacy of 70%). This is causing many to control their fear by not actively seeking further risk information or participating in disaster prevention activities. In consideration of these instances, the study recommends a collective approach built upon the merits of stakeholder engagements to provide vicarious experiences, verbal persuasions, and mastery experiences to boost the response capacities of foreign residents for disaster preparedness. This will be relevant for city authorities to enhance risk communication and foster foreigner-Japanese community integration.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Disaster Planning ; Disasters ; Humans ; Japan ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Tokyo
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph191811469
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Fixated and grievance-fuelled persons: considerations on the dangers of gaps, silos and disconnects.

    Brooks, Nathan / Shaw, Rick

    Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 854–870

    Abstract: To prevent and mitigate fixated and grievance-fuelled violence, law enforcement has moved towards collaborative policing that seeks to identify and gather information for early and timely responses. At the centrepiece of prevention efforts is the ... ...

    Abstract To prevent and mitigate fixated and grievance-fuelled violence, law enforcement has moved towards collaborative policing that seeks to identify and gather information for early and timely responses. At the centrepiece of prevention efforts is the reliance on the identification of risk indicators or warning behaviours. These behaviours are often considered to represent pre-attack signals or accelerating patterns towards violence. However, there remain many challenges to detecting early risk indicators particularly in relation to the processes of information sharing. The current review examines warning behaviour amongst fixated and grievance-fuelled persons, reviewing the myriad of issues that have persisted from the Columbine School Shootings through to the Lindt Café Siege. The analysis considers the challenges that are facing police in seeking to detect and respond to early warning behaviours; specifically examining how gaps, silos and disconnects can inhibit detection and prevention efforts.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1331268-6
    ISSN 1934-1687 ; 1321-8719
    ISSN (online) 1934-1687
    ISSN 1321-8719
    DOI 10.1080/13218719.2021.1995518
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: A multi-country comparative analysis of the impact of COVID-19 and natural hazards in India, Japan, the Philippines, and USA.

    Izumi, Takako / Shaw, Rajib

    International journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR

    2022  Volume 73, Page(s) 102899

    Abstract: Several countries have been affected by natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic. The combination of the pandemic and natural hazards has led to serious challenges that include financial losses and psychosocial stress. Additionally, this compound ... ...

    Abstract Several countries have been affected by natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic. The combination of the pandemic and natural hazards has led to serious challenges that include financial losses and psychosocial stress. Additionally, this compound disaster affected evacuation decision making, where to evacuate, volunteer participation in mitigation and recovery, volunteer support acceptance, and interest in other hazard risks. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on disaster response and recovery from various types of hazards, with regard to preparedness, evacuation, volunteering, early recovery, awareness and knowledge of different types of hazards, and preparedness capacity development. This study targets hazards such as Cyclone Amphan in India, the Kumamoto flood in Japan, Typhoon Rolly in the Philippines, and the California wildfires in the U.S. This study made several recommendations, such as the fact that mental health support must be taken into consideration during COVID-19 recovery. It is necessary to improve the genral condition of evacuation centers in order to encourage people to act immediately. A pandemic situation necessitates a strong communication strategy and campaign with particular regard to the safety of evacuation centers, the necessity of a lockdown, and the duration required for it to reduce the psychological impact. Both national and local governments are expected to strengthen their disaster risk reduction (DRR) capacity, which calls for the multi-hazard management of disaster risk at all levels and across all sectors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2695877-6
    ISSN 2212-4209
    ISSN 2212-4209
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102899
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Spinal intramedullary uterine carcinosarcoma metastasis.

    Solis, Waldo / Youssef, Andrew M / Shaw, Richard / Li, Yingda

    BMJ case reports

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 2

    Abstract: Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) are a rare and challenging manifestation of metastatic cancer that have devastating impacts on the individual's neurological function, survival expectancy and overall quality of life. Given the rarity and poor ...

    Abstract Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) are a rare and challenging manifestation of metastatic cancer that have devastating impacts on the individual's neurological function, survival expectancy and overall quality of life. Given the rarity and poor prognosis, there is a lack of consensus in management. Uterine carcinosarcoma itself is a rare cancer, accounting for less than 3% of all uterine cancers. It carries a poor prognosis, with only one-third of patients surviving beyond 5 years. There are no previous reports of uterine carcinosarcoma metastases to the spinal cord. Here, we present the case of a woman in her late 70s with a uterine carcinosarcoma intramedullary metastasis that was refractory to radiotherapy treatment and responded favourably to surgical debulking.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms/surgery ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms/secondary ; Uterine Neoplasms/surgery ; Carcinosarcoma/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1757-790X
    ISSN (online) 1757-790X
    DOI 10.1136/bcr-2023-259268
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: MGMT in TMZ-based glioma therapy: Multifaceted insights and clinical trial perspectives.

    Shaw, Rajni / Basu, Malini / Karmakar, Subhajit / Ghosh, Mrinal K

    Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research

    2024  Volume 1871, Issue 3, Page(s) 119673

    Abstract: Temozolomide (TMZ) is the most preferred and approved chemotherapeutic drug for either first- or second-line chemotherapy for glioma patients across the globe. In glioma patients, resistance to treatment with alkylating drugs like TMZ is known to be ... ...

    Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) is the most preferred and approved chemotherapeutic drug for either first- or second-line chemotherapy for glioma patients across the globe. In glioma patients, resistance to treatment with alkylating drugs like TMZ is known to be conferred by exalted levels of MGMT gene expression. On the contrary, epigenetic silencing through MGMT gene promoter methylation leading to subsequent reduction in MGMT transcription and protein expression, is predicted to have a response favoring TMZ treatment. Thus, MGMT protein level in cancer cells is a crucial determining factor in indicating and predicting the choice of alkylating agents in chemotherapy or choosing glioma patients directly for a second line of treatment. Thus, in-depth research is necessary to achieve insights into MGMT gene regulation that has recently enticed a fascinating interest in epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Furthermore, MGMT promoter methylation, stability of MGMT protein, and related subsequent adaptive responses are also important contributors to strategic developments in glioma therapy. With applications to its identification as a prognostic biomarker, thus predicting response to advanced glioma therapy, this review aims to concentrate on the mechanistic role and regulation of MGMT gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels functioning under the control of multiple signaling dynamics.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Temozolomide/therapeutic use ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Glioma/drug therapy ; Glioma/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; DNA Modification Methylases/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics ; DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics
    Chemical Substances Temozolomide (YF1K15M17Y) ; MGMT protein, human (EC 2.1.1.63) ; DNA Modification Methylases (EC 2.1.1.-) ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; DNA Repair Enzymes (EC 6.5.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 60-7
    ISSN 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
    ISSN (online) 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
    ISSN 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119673
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Confounding Fuels Hereditarian Fallacies.

    Benning, John W / Carlson, Jedidiah / Shaw, Ruth / Harpak, Arbel W

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Scientific literature has seen a resurgence of interest in genetic influences on socioeconomic outcomes. Such investigations are often limited by confounding between signals of genetic and non-genetic influences. An illustrative example is Clark (2023), ... ...

    Abstract Scientific literature has seen a resurgence of interest in genetic influences on socioeconomic outcomes. Such investigations are often limited by confounding between signals of genetic and non-genetic influences. An illustrative example is Clark (2023), which considers the similarity in socioeconomic status between relatives, drawing on genealogical records spanning four centuries in England. Based on the fit of a quantitative genetics model, it suggests that social status is largely determined by one's DNA; and that, for that reason, contemporary English people "remain correlated in outcomes with their lineage relatives in exactly the same way as in preindustrial England." These conclusions are based on a conflation of genetic and non-genetic transmission (e.g., of wealth) within families. We demonstrate that additional errors and statistical artifacts influenced inferences in Clark (2023). In reality, Clark (2023) provides no information about the relative contribution of genetic and non-genetic factors to social status. We discuss how lessons learned from the failure to account for confounding generalize to contemporary studies that claim to establish genetic underpinnings to social outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.11.01.565061
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Percutaneous tracheostomy in the surgical management of oral malignancy: an emerging standard of care.

    Sato, Takaaki / Alimadadian, Matin / Schache, Andrew / Shaw, Richard

    The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery

    2023  Volume 61, Issue 10, Page(s) 696–703

    Abstract: Percutaneous tracheostomy insertion is commonly performed in the critical care setting. However, its applicability and safety in head and neck (H&N) surgery remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare complications and postoperative recovery for ... ...

    Abstract Percutaneous tracheostomy insertion is commonly performed in the critical care setting. However, its applicability and safety in head and neck (H&N) surgery remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare complications and postoperative recovery for percutaneous tracheostomy versus surgical tracheostomy in H&N surgery. A total of 66 patients undergoing percutaneous tracheostomy as part of H&N microvascular surgery were identified retrospectively. A control cohort of 70 consecutive surgical tracheostomy cases performed by another surgical team in the same department was similarly determined. Generally, the complication rates in the percutaneous and surgical tracheostomy groups were similar, with overall rates being 42% and 31%, respectively. The percutaneous group experienced a higher rate of airway obstruction (15%), primarily due to tube displacement. Time to decannulation and duration of inpatient stay were similar in both groups. Notably, an analysis of tracheostomy tube displacement identified high body mass index (BMI) and bilateral neck dissection as potential risk factors, and all cases occurred on postoperative day one. To mitigate this risk we recommend implementation of a percutaneous tracheostomy management protocol, precise tube selection using preoperative imaging, and careful passage of the stoma intraoperatively. In conclusion, this study found that the percutaneous technique exhibited a similar complication profile. It remains unclear whether the rates of longer-term complications, such as delayed stoma healing and tracheal stenosis, differ between techniques. A future prospective study with appropriate elimination of selection and reporting bias would help address this and similar pertinent issues, including patients' perspectives.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Tracheostomy/adverse effects ; Tracheostomy/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Standard of Care ; Mouth Neoplasms/surgery ; Mouth Neoplasms/etiology ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-13
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605685-4
    ISSN 1532-1940 ; 0266-4356
    ISSN (online) 1532-1940
    ISSN 0266-4356
    DOI 10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.10.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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