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  1. Article ; Online: Protocol for measuring respiratory function of mitochondria in frozen colon tissue from rats.

    Mu, Chunlong / Shearer, Jane

    STAR protocols

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 102560

    Abstract: Mitochondrial respirometry allows for the comprehensive study of oxygen consumption within the electron transport system in tissues. However, limited techniques exist for analyzing frozen or biobanked intestinal tissues. Here, we present a protocol to ... ...

    Abstract Mitochondrial respirometry allows for the comprehensive study of oxygen consumption within the electron transport system in tissues. However, limited techniques exist for analyzing frozen or biobanked intestinal tissues. Here, we present a protocol to evaluate the respiratory function of mitochondria in colonic tissues after cryopreservation at -80°C. We describe steps for rat dissection, respirometry calibration, and tissue preparation. We then detail measurement of oxygen respiration and protein concentration. This protocol facilitates the retrospective analysis of mitochondrial respiration in frozen tissue.
    MeSH term(s) Rats ; Animals ; Retrospective Studies ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Respiration ; Cell Respiration ; Colon/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-1667
    ISSN (online) 2666-1667
    DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102560
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Protocol for nutritional intervention in neonatal rats using the "pup-in-a-cup" artificial rearing system.

    Wang, Weilan / Choudhary, Anamika / Mu, Chunlong / Scantlebury, Morris H / Shearer, Jane / Reimer, Raylene A

    STAR protocols

    2024  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 102919

    Abstract: Early-life nutrition fundamentally influences newborn development and health. Here, we present a protocol for nutritional intervention in neonatal rats using the "pup-in-a-cup" artificial rearing system. We describe steps for rat milk substitute ... ...

    Abstract Early-life nutrition fundamentally influences newborn development and health. Here, we present a protocol for nutritional intervention in neonatal rats using the "pup-in-a-cup" artificial rearing system. We describe steps for rat milk substitute preparation, cheek cannulation and maintenance, and nutritional manipulation during the suckling period. This protocol enables investigation into the role of nutritional factors in newborns by artificially rearing rats away from the mother with experimental diets starting at postnatal day 4 for up to 18 days. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wang et al.,
    MeSH term(s) Rats ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-1667
    ISSN (online) 2666-1667
    DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102919
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Dose-Responsive Effects of Iron Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota in Middle-Aged Women.

    Shearer, Jane / Shah, Shrushti / MacInnis, Martin J / Shen-Tu, Grace / Mu, Chunlong

    Nutrients

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 6

    Abstract: Oral iron supplementation is the first-line treatment for addressing iron deficiency, a concern particularly relevant to women who are susceptible to sub-optimal iron levels. Nevertheless, the impact of iron supplementation on the gut microbiota of ... ...

    Abstract Oral iron supplementation is the first-line treatment for addressing iron deficiency, a concern particularly relevant to women who are susceptible to sub-optimal iron levels. Nevertheless, the impact of iron supplementation on the gut microbiota of middle-aged women remains unclear. To investigate the association between iron supplementation and the gut microbiota, healthy females aged 40-65 years (
    MeSH term(s) Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Iron ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Dietary Supplements
    Chemical Substances Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu16060786
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  4. Article ; Online: Microbial Features Linked to Medication Strategies in Cardiometabolic Disease Management.

    Shearer, Jane / Shah, Shrushti / Shen-Tu, Grace / Schlicht, Kristina / Laudes, Matthias / Mu, Chunlong

    ACS pharmacology & translational science

    2024  Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) 991–1001

    Abstract: Human gut microbiota are recognized as critical players in both metabolic disease and drug metabolism. However, medication-microbiota interactions in cardiometabolic diseases are not well understood. To gain a comprehensive understanding of how ... ...

    Abstract Human gut microbiota are recognized as critical players in both metabolic disease and drug metabolism. However, medication-microbiota interactions in cardiometabolic diseases are not well understood. To gain a comprehensive understanding of how medication intake impacts the gut microbiota, we investigated the association of microbial structure with the use of single or multiple medications in a cohort of 134 middle-aged adults diagnosed with cardiometabolic disease, recruited from Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Predominant cardiometabolic prescription medication classes (12 total) were included in our analysis. Multivariate Association with Linear Model (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2575-9108
    ISSN (online) 2575-9108
    DOI 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00261
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  5. Article ; Online: Methodological and metabolic considerations in the study of caffeine-containing energy drinks.

    Shearer, Jane

    Nutrition reviews

    2014  Volume 72 Suppl 1, Page(s) 137–145

    Abstract: Caffeine-containing energy drinks are popular and widely available beverages. Despite large increases in consumption, studies documenting the nutritional, metabolic, and health implications of these beverages are limited. This review provides some ... ...

    Abstract Caffeine-containing energy drinks are popular and widely available beverages. Despite large increases in consumption, studies documenting the nutritional, metabolic, and health implications of these beverages are limited. This review provides some important methodological considerations in the examination of these drinks and highlights their potential impact on the gastrointestinal system, liver, and metabolic health. The gastrointestinal system is important as it comes into contact with the highest concentration of energy drink ingredients and initiates a chain of events to communicate with peripheral tissues. Although energy drinks have diverse compositions, including taurine, ginseng, and carnitine, the most metabolically deleterious ingredients appear to be simple sugars (such as glucose and fructose) and caffeine. In combination, these last two ingredients have the greatest metabolic impact and potential influence on overall health.
    MeSH term(s) Caffeine/adverse effects ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects ; Dietary Sucrose/metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Energy Drinks/adverse effects ; Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects ; Metabolic Diseases/etiology
    Chemical Substances Dietary Sucrose ; Caffeine (3G6A5W338E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 82067-2
    ISSN 1753-4887 ; 0029-6643
    ISSN (online) 1753-4887
    ISSN 0029-6643
    DOI 10.1111/nure.12131
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3388: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  6. Article ; Online: Maternal Acylcarnitine Disruption as a Potential Predictor of Preterm Birth in Primigravida: A Preliminary Investigation.

    Han, Ying-Chieh / Laketic, Katarina / Hornaday, Kylie K / Slater, Donna M / Mu, Chunlong / Tough, Suzanne C / Shearer, Jane

    Nutrients

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 5

    Abstract: Preterm birth, defined as any birth before 37 weeks of completed gestation, poses adverse health risks to both mothers and infants. Despite preterm birth being associated with several risk factors, its relationship to maternal metabolism remains unclear, ...

    Abstract Preterm birth, defined as any birth before 37 weeks of completed gestation, poses adverse health risks to both mothers and infants. Despite preterm birth being associated with several risk factors, its relationship to maternal metabolism remains unclear, especially in first-time mothers. Aims of the present study were to identify maternal metabolic disruptions associated with preterm birth and to evaluate their predictive potentials. Blood was collected, and the serum harvested from the mothers of 24 preterm and 42 term births at 28-32 weeks gestation (onset of the 3rd trimester). Serum samples were assayed by untargeted metabolomic analyses via liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (QTOF-LC/MS). Metabolites were annotated by inputting the observed mass-to-charge ratio into the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB). Analysis of 181 identified metabolites by PLS-DA modeling using SIMCA (v17) showed reasonable separation between the two groups (CV-ANOVA,
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Premature Birth ; Carnitine/analogs & derivatives ; Mothers ; Metabolomics
    Chemical Substances acylcarnitine ; Carnitine (S7UI8SM58A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu16050595
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  7. Article ; Online: Intermittent vs continuous ketogenic diet: Impact on seizures, gut microbiota, and mitochondrial metabolism.

    Shearer, Jane / Scantlebury, Morris H / Rho, Jong M / Tompkins, Thomas A / Mu, Chunlong

    Epilepsia

    2023  Volume 64, Issue 8, Page(s) e177–e183

    Abstract: We have shown previously that the ketogenic diet (KD) is effective in reducing seizures associated with infantile spasms syndrome (ISS) and that this benefit is related to alterations in the gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether the ... ...

    Abstract We have shown previously that the ketogenic diet (KD) is effective in reducing seizures associated with infantile spasms syndrome (ISS) and that this benefit is related to alterations in the gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether the efficacy of the KD persists after switching to a normal diet. Employing a neonatal rat model of ISS, we tested the hypothesis that the impact of the KD would diminish when switched to a normal diet. Following epilepsy induction, neonatal rats were divided into two groups: continuous KD for 6 days; and a group fed with KD for 3 days and then a normal diet for 3 days. Spasms frequency, mitochondrial bioenergetics in the hippocampus, and fecal microbiota were evaluated as major readouts. We found that the anti-epileptic effect of the KD was reversible, as evidenced by the increased spasms frequency in rats that were switched from the KD to a normal diet. The spasms frequency was correlated inversely with mitochondrial bioenergetic function and a set of gut microbes, including Streptococcus thermophilus and Streptococcus azizii. These findings suggest that the anti-epileptic and metabolic benefits of the KD decline rapidly in concert with gut microbial alterations in the ISS model.
    MeSH term(s) Rats ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Diet, Ketogenic ; Seizures ; Epilepsy ; Spasms, Infantile/drug therapy ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; Spasm
    Chemical Substances Anticonvulsants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 216382-2
    ISSN 1528-1167 ; 0013-9580
    ISSN (online) 1528-1167
    ISSN 0013-9580
    DOI 10.1111/epi.17688
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 517: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MO 475: Show issues

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  8. Article: Methodological and metabolic considerations in the study of caffeine‐containing energy drinks

    Shearer, Jane

    Nutrition reviews. 2014 Oct., v. 72 Suppl S1

    2014  

    Abstract: Caffeine‐containing energy drinks are popular and widely available beverages. Despite large increases in consumption, studies documenting the nutritional, metabolic, and health implications of these beverages are limited. This review provides some ... ...

    Abstract Caffeine‐containing energy drinks are popular and widely available beverages. Despite large increases in consumption, studies documenting the nutritional, metabolic, and health implications of these beverages are limited. This review provides some important methodological considerations in the examination of these drinks and highlights their potential impact on the gastrointestinal system, liver, and metabolic health. The gastrointestinal system is important as it comes into contact with the highest concentration of energy drink ingredients and initiates a chain of events to communicate with peripheral tissues. Although energy drinks have diverse compositions, including taurine, ginseng, and carnitine, the most metabolically deleterious ingredients appear to be simple sugars (such as glucose and fructose) and caffeine. In combination, these last two ingredients have the greatest metabolic impact and potential influence on overall health.
    Keywords Panax ; beverages ; caffeine ; carnitine ; energy ; fructose ; gastrointestinal system ; glucose ; ingredients ; liver ; taurine
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-10
    Size p. 137-145.
    Publishing place International Life Sciences Institute.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 82067-2
    ISSN 1753-4887 ; 0029-6643
    ISSN (online) 1753-4887
    ISSN 0029-6643
    DOI 10.1111/nure.12131
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 2497: Show issues
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  9. Article: Selective Probiotic Treatment Positively Modulates the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in the BTBR Mouse Model of Autism.

    Pochakom, Angela / Mu, Chunlong / Rho, Jong M / Tompkins, Thomas A / Mayengbam, Shyamchand / Shearer, Jane

    Brain sciences

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 6

    Abstract: Recent studies have shown promise for the use of probiotics in modulating behaviour through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In the present study, we assessed the impact of two probiotic strains in mitigating autism-related symptomology in the ... ...

    Abstract Recent studies have shown promise for the use of probiotics in modulating behaviour through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In the present study, we assessed the impact of two probiotic strains in mitigating autism-related symptomology in the BTBR
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651993-8
    ISSN 2076-3425
    ISSN 2076-3425
    DOI 10.3390/brainsci12060781
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  10. Article ; Online: Probiotics counteract hepatic steatosis caused by ketogenic diet and upregulate AMPK signaling in a model of infantile epilepsy.

    Mu, Chunlong / Nikpoor, Naghmeh / Tompkins, Thomas A / Rho, Jong M / Scantlebury, Morris H / Shearer, Jane

    EBioMedicine

    2022  Volume 76, Page(s) 103838

    Abstract: Background: Infantile spasms syndrome (IS) is a type of epilepsy affecting 1.6 to 4.5 per 10,000 children in the first year of life, often with severe lifelong neurodevelopmental consequences. Only two first-line pharmacological treatments currently ... ...

    Abstract Background: Infantile spasms syndrome (IS) is a type of epilepsy affecting 1.6 to 4.5 per 10,000 children in the first year of life, often with severe lifelong neurodevelopmental consequences. Only two first-line pharmacological treatments currently exist for IS and many children are refractory to these therapies. In such cases, children are treated with the ketogenic diet (KD). While effective in reducing seizures, the diet can result in dyslipidemia over time.
    Methods: Employing a neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat model of IS, we investigated how the KD affects hepatic steatosis and its modulation by a defined probiotic blend. A combination of multiple readouts, including malondialdehyde, fatty acid profiles, lipid metabolism-related enzyme mRNA expression, mitochondrial function, histone deacetylase activity, cytokines and chemokines were evaluated using liver homogenates.
    Findings: The KD reduced seizures, but resulted in severe hepatic steatosis, characterized by a white liver, triglyceride accumulation, elevated malondialdehyde, polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower acyl-carnitines compared to animals fed a control diet. The KD-induced metabolic phenotype was prevented by the co-administration of a blend of Streptococcus thermophilus HA-110 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis HA-136. This probiotic blend protected the liver by elevating pAMPK-mediated signaling and promoting lipid oxidation. The strains further upregulated the expression of caspase 1 and interleukin 18, which may contribute to their hepatoprotective effect in this model.
    Interpretation: Our results suggest that early intervention with probiotics could be considered as an approach to reduce the risk of hepatic side effects of the KD in children who are on the diet for medically indicated reasons.
    Funding: This study was funded by the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Mitacs Accelerate Program (IT16942).
    MeSH term(s) AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Animals ; Diet, Ketogenic/adverse effects ; Epilepsy/metabolism ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Probiotics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
    Chemical Substances AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2851331-9
    ISSN 2352-3964
    ISSN (online) 2352-3964
    DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103838
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 7090: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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