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  1. Article ; Online: Novel Morbillivirus as Putative Cause of Fetal Death and Encephalitis among Swine.

    Arruda, Bailey / Shen, Huigang / Zheng, Ying / Li, Ganwu

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 1858–1866

    Abstract: Morbilliviruses are highly contagious pathogens. The Morbillivirus genus includes measles virus, canine distemper virus (CDV), phocine distemper virus (PDV), peste des petits ruminants virus, rinderpest virus, and feline morbillivirus. We detected a ... ...

    Abstract Morbilliviruses are highly contagious pathogens. The Morbillivirus genus includes measles virus, canine distemper virus (CDV), phocine distemper virus (PDV), peste des petits ruminants virus, rinderpest virus, and feline morbillivirus. We detected a novel porcine morbillivirus (PoMV) as a putative cause of fetal death, encephalitis, and placentitis among swine by using histopathology, metagenomic sequencing, and in situ hybridization. Phylogenetic analyses showed PoMV is most closely related to CDV (62.9% nt identities) and PDV (62.8% nt identities). We observed intranuclear inclusions in neurons and glial cells of swine fetuses with encephalitis. Cellular tropism is similar to other morbilliviruses, and PoMV viral RNA was detected in neurons, respiratory epithelium, and lymphocytes. This study provides fundamental knowledge concerning the pathology, genome composition, transmission, and cellular tropism of a novel pathogen within the genus Morbillivirus and opens the door to a new, applicable disease model to drive research forward.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Distemper Virus, Canine ; Encephalitis ; Fetal Death ; Morbillivirus ; Phylogeny ; Swine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2707.203971
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Diagnostic investigation of Mycoplasma hyorhinis as a potential pathogen associated with neurological clinical signs and central nervous system lesions in pigs.

    Ko, Calvin C / Merodio, Maria M / Spronk, Ethan / Lehman, James R / Shen, Huigang / Li, Ganwu / Derscheid, Rachel J / Piñeyro, Pablo E

    Microbial pathogenesis

    2023  Volume 180, Page(s) 106172

    Abstract: Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) is a commensal of the upper respiratory tract in swine with the typical clinical presentations of arthritis and polyserositis in postweaning pigs. However, it has also been associated with conjunctivitis and otitis ... ...

    Abstract Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) is a commensal of the upper respiratory tract in swine with the typical clinical presentations of arthritis and polyserositis in postweaning pigs. However, it has also been associated with conjunctivitis and otitis media, and recently has been isolated from meningeal swabs and/or cerebrospinal fluid of piglets with neurological signs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of M. hyorhinis as a potential pathogen associated with neurological clinical signs and central nervous system lesions in pigs. The presence of M. hyorhinis was evaluated in a clinical outbreak and a six-year retrospective study by qPCR detection, bacteriological culture, in situ hybridization (RNAscope®), and phylogenetic analysis and with immunohistochemistry characterization of the inflammatory response associated with its infection. M. hyorhinis was confirmed by bacteriological culture and within central nervous system lesions by in situ hybridization on animals with neurological signs during the clinical outbreak. The isolates from the brain had close genetic similarities from those previously reported and isolated from eye, lung, or fibrin. Nevertheless, the retrospective study confirmed by qPCR the presence of M. hyorhinis in 9.9% of cases reported with neurological clinical signs and histological lesions of encephalitis or meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology. M. hyorhinis mRNA was confirmed within cerebrum, cerebellum, and choroid plexus lesions by in situ hybridization (RNAscope®) with a positive rate of 72.7%. Here we present strong evidence that M. hyorhinis should be included as a differential etiology in pigs with neurological signs and central nervous system inflammatory lesions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Swine ; Mycoplasma hyorhinis/genetics ; Mycoplasma Infections/diagnosis ; Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary ; Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology ; Swine Diseases/diagnosis ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Phylogeny ; Central Nervous System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632772-2
    ISSN 1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
    ISSN (online) 1096-1208
    ISSN 0882-4010
    DOI 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106172
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Diagnostic investigation of Mycoplasma hyorhinis as a potential pathogen associated with neurological clinical signs and central nervous system lesions in pigs

    Ko, Calvin C. / Merodio, Maria M. / Spronk, Ethan / Lehman, James R. / Shen, Huigang / Li, Ganwu / Derscheid, Rachel J. / Piñeyro, Pablo E.

    Microbial Pathogenesis. 2023 July, v. 180 p.106172-

    2023  

    Abstract: Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) is a commensal of the upper respiratory tract in swine with the typical clinical presentations of arthritis and polyserositis in postweaning pigs. However, it has also been associated with conjunctivitis and otitis ... ...

    Abstract Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) is a commensal of the upper respiratory tract in swine with the typical clinical presentations of arthritis and polyserositis in postweaning pigs. However, it has also been associated with conjunctivitis and otitis media, and recently has been isolated from meningeal swabs and/or cerebrospinal fluid of piglets with neurological signs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of M. hyorhinis as a potential pathogen associated with neurological clinical signs and central nervous system lesions in pigs. The presence of M. hyorhinis was evaluated in a clinical outbreak and a six-year retrospective study by qPCR detection, bacteriological culture, in situ hybridization (RNAscope®), and phylogenetic analysis and with immunohistochemistry characterization of the inflammatory response associated with its infection. M. hyorhinis was confirmed by bacteriological culture and within central nervous system lesions by in situ hybridization on animals with neurological signs during the clinical outbreak. The isolates from the brain had close genetic similarities from those previously reported and isolated from eye, lung, or fibrin. Nevertheless, the retrospective study confirmed by qPCR the presence of M. hyorhinis in 9.9% of cases reported with neurological clinical signs and histological lesions of encephalitis or meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology. M. hyorhinis mRNA was confirmed within cerebrum, cerebellum, and choroid plexus lesions by in situ hybridization (RNAscope®) with a positive rate of 72.7%. Here we present strong evidence that M. hyorhinis should be included as a differential etiology in pigs with neurological signs and central nervous system inflammatory lesions.
    Keywords Mycoplasma hyorhinis ; arthritis ; cerebellum ; cerebrospinal fluid ; cerebrum ; choroid plexus ; conjunctivitis ; eyes ; fibrin ; hybridization ; immunohistochemistry ; inflammation ; lungs ; meningoencephalitis ; otitis ; pathogenesis ; pathogens ; phylogeny ; retrospective studies ; swine ; Meningitis ; In situ hybridization ; RNAscope® ; Phylogenetic analysis
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-07
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 632772-2
    ISSN 1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
    ISSN (online) 1096-1208
    ISSN 0882-4010
    DOI 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106172
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Astrovirus in White-Tailed Deer, United States, 2018.

    Wang, Leyi / Shen, Huigang / Zheng, Ying / Schumacher, Loni / Li, Ganwu

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 374–376

    Abstract: We report the identification of astrovirus WI65268 in a white-tailed deer with respiratory disease in the United States in 2018. This virus is a recombinant of Kagoshima1-7 and Kagoshima2-3-2 (both bovine astroviruses from Japan) and was characterized as ...

    Abstract We report the identification of astrovirus WI65268 in a white-tailed deer with respiratory disease in the United States in 2018. This virus is a recombinant of Kagoshima1-7 and Kagoshima2-3-2 (both bovine astroviruses from Japan) and was characterized as a potential new genotype. Further surveillance of deer might help identify related isolates.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Astroviridae/genetics ; Astroviridae/isolation & purification ; Astroviridae Infections/diagnosis ; Astroviridae Infections/veterinary ; Deer ; Phylogeny ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2602.190878
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Genetic characterization of porcine sapoviruses identified from pigs during a diarrhoea outbreak in Iowa, 2019

    Shen, Huigang / Zhang, Jianfeng / Gauger, Phillip C. / Burrough, Eric R / Zhang, Jianqiang / Harmon, Karen / Wang, Leyi / Zheng, Ying / Petznick, Thomas / Li, Ganwu

    Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2022 May, v. 69, no. 3

    2022  

    Abstract: Porcine sapovirus (SaV) was first identified by electron microscopy in the United States in 1980 and has since been reported from both asymptomatic and diarrhoeic pigs usually in mixed infection with other enteric pathogens. SaV as the sole aetiological ... ...

    Abstract Porcine sapovirus (SaV) was first identified by electron microscopy in the United States in 1980 and has since been reported from both asymptomatic and diarrhoeic pigs usually in mixed infection with other enteric pathogens. SaV as the sole aetiological agent of diarrhoea in naturally infected pigs has not previously been reported in the United States. Here, we used four independent lines of evidence including metagenomics analysis, real‐time RT‐PCR (rRT‐PCR), histopathology, and in situ hybridization to confirm porcine SaV genogroup III (GIII) as the sole cause of enteritis and diarrhoea in pigs. A highly sensitive and specific rRT‐PCR was established to detect porcine SaV GIII. Examination of 184 faecal samples from an outbreak of diarrhoea on a pig farm showed that pigs with clinical diarrhoea had significantly lower Cₜ values (15.9 ± 0.59) compared to clinically unaffected pigs (35.8 ± 0.71). Further survey of 336 faecal samples from different states in the United States demonstrated that samples from pigs with clinical diarrhoea had a comparable positive rate (45.3%) with those from asymptomatic pigs (43.1%). However, the SaV‐positive pigs with clinical diarrhoea had significantly higher viral loads (Cₜ = 26.0 ± 0.5) than the SAV‐positive but clinically healthy pigs (Cₜ = 33.2 ± 0.9). Phylogenetic analysis of 20 field SaVs revealed that all belonged to SaV GIII and recombination analysis indicated that intragenogroup recombination had occurred within the field isolates of SaV GIII. These results suggest that porcine SaV GIII plays an important aetiologic role in swine enteritis and diarrhoea and rRT‐PCR is a reliable method to detect porcine SaV. Our findings provide significant insights to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenicity of porcine SaV infection.
    Keywords Sapovirus ; diarrhea ; electron microscopy ; enteritis ; farms ; histopathology ; metagenomics ; mixed infection ; pathogenicity ; phylogeny ; surveys ; swine ; Iowa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-05
    Size p. 1246-1255.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2414822-2
    ISSN 1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
    ISSN (online) 1865-1682
    ISSN 1865-1674
    DOI 10.1111/tbed.14087
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Case Report and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Porcine Nodavirus in the United States.

    Yang, Chenghuai / Wang, Leyi / Schwartz, Kent / Burrough, Eric / Groeltz-Thrush, Jennifer / Chen, Qi / Zheng, Ying / Shen, Huigang / Li, Ganwu

    Viruses

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 1

    Abstract: Nodaviruses are small bisegmented RNA viruses belonging to the ... ...

    Abstract Nodaviruses are small bisegmented RNA viruses belonging to the family
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Capsid Proteins/genetics ; Genomics ; Nodaviridae/classification ; Nodaviridae/genetics ; Nodaviridae/isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; RNA Virus Infections/veterinary ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Swine/virology ; Swine Diseases/virology ; United States
    Chemical Substances Capsid Proteins ; RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v13010073
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Role of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli prophage in spreading antibiotic resistance in a porcine‐derived environment

    Wang, Mianzhi / Zeng, Zhenling / Jiang, Fengwei / Zheng, Ying / Shen, Huigang / Macedo, Nubia / Sun, Yongxue / Sahin, Orhan / Li, Ganwu

    Environmental microbiology. 2020 Dec., v. 22, no. 12

    2020  

    Abstract: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause acute secretory diarrhoea in pigs, posing a great economic loss to the swine industry. This study analysed the prevalence and genetic characteristics of prophages from 132 ETEC isolates from symptomatic pigs ... ...

    Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause acute secretory diarrhoea in pigs, posing a great economic loss to the swine industry. This study analysed the prevalence and genetic characteristics of prophages from 132 ETEC isolates from symptomatic pigs to determine their potential for spreading antibiotic resistance. A total of 1105 potential prophages were identified, and the distribution of the genome size showed three ‘overlapping’ trends. Similarity matrix comparison showed that prophages correlated with the ETEC lineage distribution, and further identification of these prophages corroborated the lineage specificity. In total, 1206 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of 52 different categories were identified in 132 ETEC strains; among these, 2.65% (32/1206) of ARGs were found to be carried by prophages. Analysis of flanking sequences showed that almost all the ARGs could be grouped into two types: ‘blaTEM‐₁B’ and ‘classic class 1 integron (IntI1)’. They co‐occurred with a strictly conserved recombinase and transposon Tn3 family but with a difference: the ‘blaTEM‐₁B type’ prophages exhibited a classic Tn2 transposon structure with 100% sequence identity, whereas the ‘IntI1 type’ co‐occurred with the TnAs2 transposon with only 84% sequence identity. These results imply that ARGs might be pervasive in natural bacterial populations through transmission by transposable bacteriophages.
    Keywords antibiotic resistance ; diarrhea ; enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ; financial economics ; pork industry ; recombinases ; sequence analysis ; transposons
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-12
    Size p. 4974-4984.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2020213-1
    ISSN 1462-2920 ; 1462-2912
    ISSN (online) 1462-2920
    ISSN 1462-2912
    DOI 10.1111/1462-2920.15084
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Genomic Sequence of a

    Gerber, Priscilla F / Shen, Huigang / Zheng, Ying / Li, Ganwu / Lobato, Zélia I P / Opriessnig, Tanja

    Microbiology resource announcements

    2019  Volume 8, Issue 4

    Abstract: A new strain of chicken megrivirus was identified in fecal samples of layer chickens in a commercial flock in Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is most closely related to the ... ...

    Abstract A new strain of chicken megrivirus was identified in fecal samples of layer chickens in a commercial flock in Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is most closely related to the family
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2576-098X
    ISSN (online) 2576-098X
    DOI 10.1128/MRA.01438-18
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Isolation of PCV3 from Perinatal and Reproductive Cases of PCV3-Associated Disease and In Vivo Characterization of PCV3 Replication in CD/CD Growing Pigs.

    Mora-Díaz, Juan / Piñeyro, Pablo / Shen, Huigang / Schwartz, Kent / Vannucci, Fabio / Li, Ganwu / Arruda, Bailey / Giménez-Lirola, Luis

    Viruses

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 2

    Abstract: Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) has been identified as a putative swine pathogen with a subset of infections resulting in stillborn and mummified fetuses, encephalitis and myocarditis in perinatal, and periarteritis in growing pigs. Three PCV3 isolates were ... ...

    Abstract Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) has been identified as a putative swine pathogen with a subset of infections resulting in stillborn and mummified fetuses, encephalitis and myocarditis in perinatal, and periarteritis in growing pigs. Three PCV3 isolates were isolated from weak-born piglets or elevated stillborn and mummified fetuses. Full-length genome sequences from different passages and isolates (PCV3a1 ISU27734, PCV3a2 ISU58312, PCV3c ISU44806) were determined using metagenomics sequencing. Virus production in cell culture was confirmed by qPCR, IFA, and in situ hybridization. In vivo replication of PCV3 was also demonstrated in CD/CD pigs (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Animals, Newborn/virology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Circoviridae Infections/veterinary ; Circoviridae Infections/virology ; Circovirus/classification ; Circovirus/pathogenicity ; Circovirus/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genome, Viral ; Inflammation/blood ; Inflammation/virology ; Metagenomics ; Phylogeny ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/physiopathology ; Swine Diseases/virology ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v12020219
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Role of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli prophage in spreading antibiotic resistance in a porcine-derived environment.

    Wang, Mianzhi / Zeng, Zhenling / Jiang, Fengwei / Zheng, Ying / Shen, Huigang / Macedo, Nubia / Sun, Yongxue / Sahin, Orhan / Li, Ganwu

    Environmental microbiology

    2020  Volume 22, Issue 12, Page(s) 4974–4984

    Abstract: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause acute secretory diarrhoea in pigs, posing a great economic loss to the swine industry. This study analysed the prevalence and genetic characteristics of prophages from 132 ETEC isolates from symptomatic pigs ... ...

    Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause acute secretory diarrhoea in pigs, posing a great economic loss to the swine industry. This study analysed the prevalence and genetic characteristics of prophages from 132 ETEC isolates from symptomatic pigs to determine their potential for spreading antibiotic resistance. A total of 1105 potential prophages were identified, and the distribution of the genome size showed three 'overlapping' trends. Similarity matrix comparison showed that prophages correlated with the ETEC lineage distribution, and further identification of these prophages corroborated the lineage specificity. In total, 1206 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of 52 different categories were identified in 132 ETEC strains; among these, 2.65% (32/1206) of ARGs were found to be carried by prophages. Analysis of flanking sequences showed that almost all the ARGs could be grouped into two types: 'bla
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Diarrhea/microbiology ; Diarrhea/veterinary ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli/genetics ; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli/virology ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Prophages/genetics ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/microbiology ; beta-Lactamases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2020213-1
    ISSN 1462-2920 ; 1462-2912
    ISSN (online) 1462-2920
    ISSN 1462-2912
    DOI 10.1111/1462-2920.15084
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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