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  1. Article ; Online: Machine Learning Algorithms and Fault Detection for Improved Belief Function Based Decision Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks.

    Javaid, Atia / Javaid, Nadeem / Wadud, Zahid / Saba, Tanzila / Sheta, Osama E / Saleem, Muhammad Qaiser / Alzahrani, Mohammad Eid

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2019  Volume 19, Issue 6

    Abstract: Decision fusion is used to fuse classification results and improve the classification accuracy in order to reduce the consumption of energy and bandwidth demand for data transmission. The decentralized classification fusion problem was the reason to use ... ...

    Abstract Decision fusion is used to fuse classification results and improve the classification accuracy in order to reduce the consumption of energy and bandwidth demand for data transmission. The decentralized classification fusion problem was the reason to use the belief function-based decision fusion approach in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). With the consideration of improving the belief function fusion approach, we have proposed four classification techniques, namely Enhanced K-Nearest Neighbor (EKNN), Enhanced Extreme Learning Machine (EELM), Enhanced Support Vector Machine (ESVM), and Enhanced Recurrent Extreme Learning Machine (ERELM). In addition, WSNs are prone to errors and faults because of their different software, hardware failures, and their deployment in diverse fields. Because of these challenges, efficient fault detection methods must be used to detect faults in a WSN in a timely manner. We have induced four types of faults: offset fault, gain fault, stuck-at fault, and out of bounds fault, and used enhanced classification methods to solve the sensor failure issues. Experimental results show that ERELM gave the first best result for the improvement of the belief function fusion approach. The other three proposed techniques ESVM, EELM, and EKNN provided the second, third, and fourth best results, respectively. The proposed enhanced classifiers are used for fault detection and are evaluated using three performance metrics, i.e., Detection Accuracy (DA), True Positive Rate (TPR), and Error Rate (ER). Simulations show that the proposed methods outperform the existing techniques and give better results for the belief function and fault detection in WSNs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s19061334
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: RCER: Reliable Cluster-based Energy-aware Routing protocol for heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks.

    Haseeb, Khalid / Abbas, Naveed / Saleem, Muhammad Qaisar / Sheta, Osama E / Awan, Khalid / Islam, Naveed / Ur Rehman, Waheed / Salam, Tabinda

    PloS one

    2019  Volume 14, Issue 9, Page(s) e0222009

    Abstract: Nowadays, because of the unpredictable nature of sensor nodes, propagating sensory data raises significant research challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Recently, different cluster-based solutions are designed for the improvement of network ... ...

    Abstract Nowadays, because of the unpredictable nature of sensor nodes, propagating sensory data raises significant research challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Recently, different cluster-based solutions are designed for the improvement of network stability and lifetime, however, most of the energy efficient solutions are developed for homogeneous networks, and use only a distance parameter for the data communication. Although, some existing solutions attempted to improve the selection of next-hop based on energy factor, nevertheless, such solutions are unstable and lack a reducing data delivery interruption in overloaded links. The aim of our proposed solution is to develop Reliable Cluster-based Energy-aware Routing (RCER) protocol for heterogeneous WSN, which lengthen network lifetime and decreases routing cost. Our proposed RCER protocol make use of heterogeneity nodes with respect to their energy and comprises of two main phases; firstly, the network field is parted in geographical clusters to make the network more energy-efficient and secondly; RCER attempts optimum routing for improving the next-hop selection by considering residual-energy, hop-count and weighted value of Round Trip Time (RTT) factors. Moreover, based on computing the measurement of wireless links and nodes status, RCER restore routing paths and provides network reliability with improved data delivery performance. Simulation results demonstrate significant development of RCER protocol against their competing solutions.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Cluster Analysis ; Computer Communication Networks ; Reproducibility of Results ; Time Factors ; Wireless Technology/instrumentation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0222009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Fault Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks through the Random Forest Classifier.

    Noshad, Zainib / Javaid, Nadeem / Saba, Tanzila / Wadud, Zahid / Saleem, Muhammad Qaiser / Alzahrani, Mohammad Eid / Sheta, Osama E

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2019  Volume 19, Issue 7

    Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to faults because of their deployment in unpredictable and hazardous environments. This makes WSN prone to failures such as software, hardware, and communication failures. Due to the sensor's limited ... ...

    Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to faults because of their deployment in unpredictable and hazardous environments. This makes WSN prone to failures such as software, hardware, and communication failures. Due to the sensor's limited resources and diverse deployment fields, fault detection in WSNs has become a daunting task. To solve this problem, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) classifiers are used for classification of gain, offset, spike, data loss, out of bounds, and stuck-at faults at the sensor level. Out of six faults, two of them are induced in the datasets, i.e., spike and data loss faults. The results are compared on the basis of their Detection Accuracy (DA), True Positive Rate (TPR), Matthews Correlation Coefficients (MCC), and F1-score. In this paper, a comparative analysis is performed among the classifiers mentioned previously on real-world datasets. Simulations show that the RF algorithm secures a better fault detection rate than the rest of the classifiers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s19071568
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Correction: RCER: Reliable Cluster-based Energy-aware Routing protocol for heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks.

    Haseeb, Khalid / Abbas, Naveed / Saleem, Muhammad Qaiser / Sheta, Osama E / Awan, Khalid / Islam, Naveed / Ur Rehman, Waheed / Salam, Tabinda

    PloS one

    2019  Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) e0224319

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222009.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222009.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0224319
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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