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Article ; Online: Factor structure and factorial invariance of the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 in public safety personnel: Results from a large and diverse sample.

Boehme, Blake A E / Shields, Robyn E / Carleton, R Nicholas / Asmundson, Gordon J G

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

2023

Abstract: Objective: Public safety personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers, firefighters, paramedics, and police officers) are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) and report posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Public safety personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers, firefighters, paramedics, and police officers) are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) and report posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) difficulties more frequently than the general population. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) is a commonly used measure to screen PSP for PTSD. A single previous study assessed PCL-5 factorial invariance among PSP but used a small homogenous sample. The current study evaluated factorial invariance with a large ( Method: Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (mCFAs; Results: The seven-factor hybrid model of PTSD (i.e., reexperiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, hyperarousal, intrusion, emotional numbing, dysphoria, dysphoric arousal, anxious arousal, anhedonia, negative affect) produced consistently superior fit across all sectors assessed and produced marginally better absolute values than the six-factor anhedonia model, supporting PCL-5 factorial invariance among PSP. Conclusions: The current study is the first to use a large and diverse PSP sample to assess PCL-5 factorial invariance. The results support the PCL-5 as invariant across PSP sectors, age groups, and men and women. Consistent with other studies, the seven-factor hybrid model of PTSD produced the best fit, followed closely by the six-factor anhedonia model. Future research could use structured clinical interviews to further investigate the factorial structure and invariance of PTSD symptoms among PSPs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2497028-1
ISSN	1942-969X ; 1942-9681
ISSN (online)	1942-969X
ISSN	1942-9681
DOI	10.1037/tra0001601
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Mental health and social support among Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets.

Nisbet, Jolan / Jamshidi, Laleh / Andrews, Katie L / Stewart, Sherry H / Shields, Robyn E / Teckchandani, Taylor A / Maguire, Kirby Q / Carleton, R Nicholas

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1092334

Abstract: Introduction: Certain populations, such as public safety personnel (PSP), experience frequent exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events and other occupational stressors, increasing their risk for mental health challenges. Social support ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Certain populations, such as public safety personnel (PSP), experience frequent exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events and other occupational stressors, increasing their risk for mental health challenges. Social support has been evidenced as a protective factor for mental health. However, research examining perceived social support and its associations with symptoms related to mental disorders among PSP recruits is limited. Methods: RCMP cadets ( Results: The results indicated statistically significant associations between higher social support and decreased odds of positive screens for generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder (i.e., significant Adjusted Odds Ratios = 0.90 to 0.95). Discussion: Cadets' perceived levels of social support are comparable to the Canadian general population and higher than serving RCMP. Social support appears to offer a protective element against anxiety-related disorders among participating cadets. Reductions in perceived levels of social support may be a function of RCMP service. Factors contributing to decreased levels of perceived social support should be considered.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1092334
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Article ; Online: Should we be Royal?

Kealy-Bateman, Warren / Nash, Louise / Shields, Robyn / Ouliaris, Calina / McGorry, Patrick

Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists

2021 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 402–405

Abstract: Objective: Our college name The : Conclusion: As psychiatrists, it is time to modernise and reinvent the college name and Crest. We will be a healthier and more inclusive community of practice without the 'Royal' prefix, and with a new symbol for our ...

Abstract	Objective: Our college name The Conclusion: As psychiatrists, it is time to modernise and reinvent the college name and Crest. We will be a healthier and more inclusive community of practice without the 'Royal' prefix, and with a new symbol for our college that embodies our values and vision.
MeSH term(s)	Australia ; Cultural Diversity ; Humans ; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2213198-X
ISSN	1440-1665 ; 1039-8562
ISSN (online)	1440-1665
ISSN	1039-8562
DOI	10.1177/1039856221992648
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Article: Putative risk and resiliency factors among Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets.

Khoury, Juliana M B / Jamshidi, Laleh / Shields, Robyn E / Nisbet, Jolan / Afifi, Tracie O / Fletcher, Amber J / Stewart, Sherry H / Asmundson, Gordon J G / Sauer-Zavala, Shannon / Krätzig, Gregory P / Carleton, R Nicholas

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1048573

Abstract: Objective: Mental health disorders are prevalent among active-duty Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers. The current study was designed to assess whether RCMP cadets commencing the Cadet Training Program are inherently at greater risk of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Mental health disorders are prevalent among active-duty Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers. The current study was designed to assess whether RCMP cadets commencing the Cadet Training Program are inherently at greater risk of developing mental health challenges by statistically comparing cadet putative risk and resiliency scores to scores from young adult populations. The study was also designed to assess for sociodemographic differences in putative risk and resiliency variables among RCMP cadets in order to facilitate future comparisons. Methods: Cadets ( Results: Cadets had statistically significantly lower scores on all putative risk variables and statistically significantly higher resiliency scores compared to the young adult populations. In the cadet sample, there were statistically significant differences in putative risk and resiliency variables across gender and sex. Conclusion: Cadets' significantly lower scores on putative risk variables and higher scores on resiliency suggest that they may be psychologically strong; as such, it may be that the nature of police work, as opposed to inherent individual differences in risk and resiliency, accounts for active-duty RCMP officers' comparatively higher prevalence of mental health disorders over time.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1048573
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Article: Examining mental health knowledge, stigma, and service use intentions among Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets.

Andrews, Katie L / Jamshidi, Laleh / Shields, Robyn E / Teckchandani, Taylor A / Afifi, Tracie O / Fletcher, Amber J / Sauer-Zavala, Shannon / Brunet, Alain / Krätzig, Gregory P / Carleton, R Nicholas

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1123361

Abstract: Background: Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers experience an elevated risk for mental health disorders due to inherent work-related exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events and occupational stressors. RCMP officers also ... ...

Abstract	Background: Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers experience an elevated risk for mental health disorders due to inherent work-related exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events and occupational stressors. RCMP officers also report high levels of stigma and low levels of intentions to seek mental health services. In contrast, very little is known about the levels of mental health knowledge and stigma of RCMP cadets starting the Cadet Training Program (CTP). The current study was designed to: (1) obtain baseline levels of mental health knowledge, stigma against peers in the workplace, and service use intentions in RCMP cadets; (2) determine the relationship among mental health knowledge, stigma against peers in the workplace, and service use intentions among RCMP cadets; (3) examine differences across sociodemographic characteristics; and (4) compare cadets to a sample of previously surveyed serving RCMP. Methods: Participants were RCMP cadets ( Results: RCMP cadets reported statistically significantly lower levels of mental health knowledge ( Conclusion: The current results indicate that higher levels of mental health knowledge were associated with lower stigma and higher intention to use professional mental health services. Differences between cadets and serving RCMP highlight the need for regular ongoing training starting from the CTP, designed to reduce stigma and increase mental health knowledge. Differences between male and female cadets suggest differential barriers to help-seeking behaviors. The current results provide a baseline to monitor cadet mental health knowledge and service use intentions and stigma as they progress throughout their careers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1123361
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Article ; Online: Brief Mental Health Disorder Screening Questionnaires and Use with Public Safety Personnel: A Review.

Shields, Robyn E / Korol, Stephanie / Carleton, R Nicholas / McElheran, Megan / Stelnicki, Andrea M / Groll, Dianne / Anderson, Gregory S

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 7

Abstract: Brief mental health disorder screening questionnaires (SQs) are used by psychiatrists, physicians, researchers, psychologists, and other mental health professionals and may provide an efficient method to guide clinicians to query symptom areas requiring ... ...

Abstract	Brief mental health disorder screening questionnaires (SQs) are used by psychiatrists, physicians, researchers, psychologists, and other mental health professionals and may provide an efficient method to guide clinicians to query symptom areas requiring further assessment. For example, annual screening has been used to help identify military personnel who may need help. Nearly half (44.5%) of Canadian public safety personnel (PSP) screen positive for one or more mental health disorder(s); as such, regular mental health screenings for PSP may be a valuable way to support mental health. The following review was conducted to (1) identify existing brief mental health disorder SQs; (2) review empirical evidence of the validity of identified SQs; (3) identify SQs validated within PSP populations; and (4) recommend appropriately validated brief screening questionnaires for five common mental health disorders (i.e., generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive depression (MDD), panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use disorder). After reviewing the psychometric properties of the identified brief screening questionnaires, we recommend the following four brief screening tools for use with PSP: the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (screening for MDD and GAD), the Brief Panic Disorder Symptom Screen-Self-Report, the Short-Form Posttraumatic Checklist-5, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption.
MeSH term(s)	Alcoholism ; Anxiety Disorders ; Canada ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health ; Military Personnel ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18073743
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Sex differences in mental disorder symptoms among Canadian police officers: the mediating role of social support, stress, and sleep quality.

Angehrn, Andréanne / Vig, Kelsey D / Mason, Julia E / Stelnicki, Andrea M / Shields, Robyn E / Asmundson, Gordon J G / Carleton, R Nicholas

Cognitive behaviour therapy

2021 Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–20

Abstract: Police officers, and specifically women officers, report elevated mental disorder rates relative to the general population, which may be impacted by sleep quality, policing-related stress, and social support. In a sample of Canadian police officers, sex ... ...

Abstract	Police officers, and specifically women officers, report elevated mental disorder rates relative to the general population, which may be impacted by sleep quality, policing-related stress, and social support. In a sample of Canadian police officers, sex was indirectly related to post traumatic stress, depression, generalized anxiety, panic, and social anxiety symptoms through its relationships with social support and sleep quality, but not through policing-related stress. Sex was indirectly related to problematic alcohol use symptoms through sleep quality only. Differences in clinical symptom severity between both sexes may be partially accounted for by the worsened sleep quality reported by women officers relative to their men counterparts. Conversely, general social support appears to be a protective, albeit insufficient, factor influencing the mental health of women police officers. Male and women police officers did not differ in their reports of policing-related stress. The current results underscore the importance of incorporating strategies to improve sleep practices into police workplace environments. Additionally, findings that general social support and policing-related stress do not help explain the trend of increased clinical severity reported by women police suggest that more research is still needed to identify and delineate other contributing factors.
MeSH term(s)	Canada/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Police ; Sex Characteristics ; Sleep Quality ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology ; Social Support ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2076060-7
ISSN	1651-2316 ; 1650-6073
ISSN (online)	1651-2316
ISSN	1650-6073
DOI	10.1080/16506073.2021.1877338
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Article: Prophylactic relationship between mental health disorder symptoms and physical activity of Royal Canadian Mounted Police Cadets during the cadet training program.

Teckchandani, Taylor / Krakauer, Rachel L / Andrews, Katie L / Neary, J Patrick / Nisbet, Jolan / Shields, Robyn E / Maguire, Kirby Q / Jamshidi, Laleh / Afifi, Tracie O / Lix, Lisa M / Sauer-Zavala, Shannon / Asmundson, Gordon J G / Krätzig, Gregory P / Carleton, R Nicholas

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1145184

Abstract: Objective: Royal Canadian Mounted Police report experiencing extremely frequent potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTE). In a recent study, approximately half of participating RCMP screened positive for one or more mental disorders, which is ...

Abstract	Objective: Royal Canadian Mounted Police report experiencing extremely frequent potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTE). In a recent study, approximately half of participating RCMP screened positive for one or more mental disorders, which is approximately five times the diagnostic proportion for the general Canadian population. Increased reporting of mental health symptoms been linked to PPTE exposures. Programs promoting physical activity may be useful interventions to supplement or pair with mental health interventions, providing anxiolytic, antidepressant, and stress-buffering effects. The current study was designed to assess the relationship between physical activity behaviors and reported mental health disorder symptoms of cadets during the Royal Mounted Canadian Police (RCMP) Cadet Training Program (CTP). The current study also examined the relationship between exercise and mental health disorder symptoms of cadets during the CTP. Methods: The study included data from 394 cadets (76.1% male). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a series of Results: There were statistically significant correlations between physical activity and self-reported mental health disorder symptom scores during CTP. Cadets who performed more physical activity from pre-training to pre-deployment had statistically significantly greater decreases in symptoms of GAD ( Conclusion: There was evidence of a significant relationship between reductions in mental health disorder symptom scores and physical activity during the 26-week CTP. The results highlight the role that exercise can play as an important tool for reducing mental health disorder symptoms, considering there was no relationship between pre-CTP baseline mental health scores and physical activity performed during CTP. Further research is needed to understand differences in physical activity behaviours among cadets and serving RCMP.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145184
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Article: Daily survey participation and positive changes in mental health symptom scores among Royal Canadian Mounted Police Cadets.

Shields, Robyn E / Teckchandani, Taylor A / Asmundson, Gordon J G / Nisbet, Jolan / Krakauer, Rachel L / Andrews, Katie L / Maguire, Kirby Q / Jamshidi, Laleh / Afifi, Tracie O / Lix, Lisa M / Brunet, Alain / Sauer-Zavala, Shannon / Krätzig, Gregory P / Neary, J Patrick / Sareen, Jitender / Carleton, R Nicholas

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1145194

Abstract: Introduction: Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers self-report high levels of mental health disorder symptoms, such as alcohol use disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers self-report high levels of mental health disorder symptoms, such as alcohol use disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Participation in regular mental health monitoring has been associated with improved mental health disorder symptom reporting and may provide an accessible tool to support RCMP mental health. The current study assessed relationships between self-reported mental health disorder symptoms and the completion of daily surveys (i.e., daily mental health disorder symptom monitoring) by RCMP cadets during the Cadet Training Program (CTP). Methods: Participants were RCMP cadets ( Results: There were statistically significant inverse relationships between number of daily surveys completed and number of mental health disorder symptoms reported; specifically, cadets who completed more daily surveys during CTP reported fewer symptoms of alcohol use disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: An inverse correlation between number of daily surveys completed and mental health disorder symptom scores indicated that participation in daily mental health monitoring was associated with improvements in self-reported mental health disorder symptoms between pre-training and pre-deployment. Regular self-monitoring of mental health disorder symptoms may help to mitigate mental health challenges among RCMP cadets and officers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145194
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Article: Cardioautonomic lability assessed by heart rate variability changes in Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets during the cadet training program.

Teckchandani, Taylor A / Neary, J Patrick / Andrews, Katie L / Maguire, Kirby Q / Jamshidi, Laleh / Nisbet, Jolan / Shields, Robyn E / Afifi, Tracie O / Sauer-Zavala, Shannon / Lix, Lisa M / Krakauer, Rachel L / Asmundson, Gordon J G / Krätzig, Gregory P / Carleton, R Nicholas

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1144783

Abstract: Objective: The current study examined variations in cardioautonomic lability during the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Cadet Training Program (CTP) between cadets starting their training who did or did not screen positive for one or more mental ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The current study examined variations in cardioautonomic lability during the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Cadet Training Program (CTP) between cadets starting their training who did or did not screen positive for one or more mental health disorders (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], major depressive disorder [MDD], social anxiety disorder [SAD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], panic disorder [PD], alcohol use disorder [AUD]). Methods: Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals integrated into Hexoskin garments were used to record ECG and heart rate Over the 26-week CTP. There were 31 heart rate variability (HRV) parameters calculated using Kubios Premium HRV analysis software. Mann-Whitney Results: A total of 157 cadets (79% male) were screened for any mental disorder using self-report surveys and then grouped by positive and negative screening. Analyses indicated a statistically significant ( Conclusion: The results indicate the participants have excellent cardiac health overall and suggest potentially important differences between groups, such that cadets who endorsed clinically significant anxiety symptoms on the GAD-7 showed less variability in the LF:HF ratio over the course of the CTP. The relatively lower variability suggests decreased parasympathetic tone in those without clinically significant anxiety symptoms. The results also have important implications for future investigations of cardioautonomic dysfunction and chronic hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis deviations in policing populations with anxiety disorders; specifically, cardioautonomic inflexibility related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In any case, the current results provide an important baseline for future cardiac research with cadets and serving officers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1144783
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