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  1. Article ; Online: Rediscovery of an ‘Extinct’ species Scleria sumatrensis Retz. in Taiwan using both morphological and molecular authentications

    Shih-Hui Liu / Chau-Ching Huang / Chun-Kuei Liao

    Taiwania, Vol 66, Iss 3, Pp 398-

    2021  Volume 407

    Abstract: Determining the correct conservation status of a species provides fundamental and critical information for species conservation policies. However, species traits and limited research efforts might decrease the accuracy of conservation assessments. ... ...

    Abstract Determining the correct conservation status of a species provides fundamental and critical information for species conservation policies. However, species traits and limited research efforts might decrease the accuracy of conservation assessments. Scleria sumatrensis has been considered a regionally extinct sedge plants in Taiwan, and the only, previous record of this species was from a collection provided by Urbain Faurie in 1914. More than one hundred years after Faurie’s record, we confirm the current occurrence of S. sumatrensis in Taiwan via morphological and molecular authentications in the present study. The morphological details of S. sumatrensis are provided based on the descriptions and illustrations. The conservation status for this species is reassigned to the Critically Endangered (CR) category. Further conservation efforts and research on S. sumatrensis are also discussed.
    Keywords conservation status ; cyperaceae ; red list ; rediscovery ; scleria sumatrensis ; species authentication ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher National Taiwan University
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Phylogenetic analysis and ontogenetic changes in the cone opsins of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis).

    Chia-Hao Chang / Yu-Chun Wang / Yi Ta Shao / Shih-Hui Liu

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 10, p e

    2020  Volume 0240313

    Abstract: To convert external light into internal neural signal, vertebrates rely on a special group of proteins, the visual opsins. Four of the five types of visual opsins-short-wavelength sensitive 1 (Sws1), short-wavelength sensitive 2 (Sws2), medium-wavelength ...

    Abstract To convert external light into internal neural signal, vertebrates rely on a special group of proteins, the visual opsins. Four of the five types of visual opsins-short-wavelength sensitive 1 (Sws1), short-wavelength sensitive 2 (Sws2), medium-wavelength sensitive (Rh2), and long-wavelength sensitive (Lws)-are expressed in cone cells for scotopic vision, with the fifth, rhodopsin (Rh1), being expressed in rod cells for photopic vision. Fish often display differing ontogenetic cone opsin expression profiles, which may be related to dietary and/or habitat ontogenetic shift. The western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) is an aggressive invader that has successfully colonized every continent except Antarctica. The strong invasiveness of this species may be linked to its visual acuity since it can inhabit turbid waters better than other fishes. By genome screening and transcriptome analysis, we identify seven cone opsin genes in the western mosquitofish, including one sws1, two sws2, one rh2, and three lws. The predicted maximal absorbance wavelength (λmax) values of the respective proteins are 353 nm for Sws1, 449 nm for Sws2a, 408 nm for Sws2b, 516 nm for Rh2-1, 571 nm for Lws-1, and 519 nm for Lws-3. Retention of an intron in the lws-r transcript likely renders this visual opsin gene non-functional. Our real-time quantitative PCR demonstrates that adult male and female western mosquitofish do not differ in their cone opsin expression profiles, but we do reveal an ontogenetic shift in cone opsin expression. Compared to adults, larvae express proportionally more sws1 and less lws-1, suggesting that the western mosquitofish is more sensitive to shorter wavelengths in the larval stage, but becomes more sensitive to longer wavelengths in adulthood.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Frequent gene flow blurred taxonomic boundaries of sections in Lilium L. (Liliaceae).

    Xun Gong / Kuo-Hsiang Hung / Yu-Wei Ting / Tsai-Wen Hsu / Lenka Malikova / Huyen Trang Tran / Chao-Li Huang / Shih-Hui Liu / Tzen-Yuh Chiang

    PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 8, p e

    2017  Volume 0183209

    Abstract: Gene flow between species may last a long time in plants. Reticulation inevitably causes difficulties in phylogenetic reconstruction. In this study, we looked into the genetic divergence and phylogeny of 20 Lilium species based on multilocus analyses of ... ...

    Abstract Gene flow between species may last a long time in plants. Reticulation inevitably causes difficulties in phylogenetic reconstruction. In this study, we looked into the genetic divergence and phylogeny of 20 Lilium species based on multilocus analyses of 8 genes of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), the internally transcribed nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrITS) spacer and 20 loci extracted from the expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries of L. longiflorum Thunb. and L. formosanum Wallace. The phylogeny based on the combined data of the maternally inherited cpDNA and nrITS was largely consistent with the taxonomy of Lilium sections. This phylogeny was deemed the hypothetical species tree and uncovered three groups, i.e., Cluster A consisting of 4 taxa from the sections Pseudolirium and Liriotypus, Cluster B consisting of the 4 taxa from the sections Leucolirion, Archelirion and Daurolirion, and Cluster C comprising 10 taxa mostly from the sections Martagon and Sinomartagon. In contrast, systematic inconsistency occurred across the EST loci, with up to 19 genes (95%) displaying tree topologies deviating from the hypothetical species tree. The phylogenetic incongruence was likely attributable to the frequent genetic exchanges between species/sections, as indicated by the high levels of genetic recombination and the IMa analyses with the EST loci. Nevertheless, multilocus analysis could provide complementary information among the loci on the species split and the extent of gene flow between the species. In conclusion, this study not only detected frequent gene flow among Lilium sections that resulted in phylogenetic incongruence but also reconstructed a hypothetical species tree that gave insights into the nature of the complex relationships among Lilium species.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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