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Article ; Online: Correction to "Visible Light-Mediated Photoactivated Sulfur Quantum Dots as Heightened Antibacterial Agents".

Shivalkar, Saurabh / Arshad, Farwa / Sahoo, Amaresh Kumar / Sk, Md Palashuddin

ACS omega

2023 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) 5138

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03968.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03968.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.2c08216
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Article ; Online: Visible Light-Mediated Photoactivated Sulfur Quantum Dots as Heightened Antibacterial Agents.

Shivalkar, Saurabh / Arshad, Farwa / Sahoo, Amaresh Kumar / Sk, Md Palashuddin

ACS omega

2022 Volume 7, Issue 37, Page(s) 33358–33364

Abstract: The need for antimicrobial or antibacterial fabric has increased exponentially in recent past years, especially after the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Several studies have been conducted, and the primary focus is the development of simple, ... ...

Abstract	The need for antimicrobial or antibacterial fabric has increased exponentially in recent past years, especially after the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Several studies have been conducted, and the primary focus is the development of simple, automated, performance efficient and cost-efficient fabric for disposable and frequent-use items such as personal protective materials. In this regard, we have explored the light-driven antibacterial activity of water-soluble Sdots for the first time. Sdots are a new class of non-metallic quantum dots of the nanosulfur family having a polymeric sulfur core. These Sdots exhibited excellent antibacterial activity by generating reactive oxygen species under sunlight or visible light. Under 6 h of sunlight irradiation, it was observed that >90% of the bacterial growth was inhibited in the presence of Sdots. Furthermore, low toxic Sdots were employed to develop antibacterial fabric for efficiently cleaning the bacterial infection. The prominent zone of inhibition of up to 9 mm was observed post 12 h incubation of Sdots treated fabric with
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.2c03968
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Article ; Online: Manganese Doping in Biomass Derived Carbon Dots Amplifies White Light-Induced Antibacterial Activity.

Tariq, Mohammad / Shivalkar, Saurabh / Hasan, Hammad / Sahoo, Amaresh Kumar / Sk, Md Palashuddin

ACS omega

2023 Volume 8, Issue 51, Page(s) 49460–49466

Abstract: The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections demands effective alternative therapeutics of antibiotics, whereas biocompatible zero-dimensional nanomaterials are an excellent option due to their small size. In this study, we report the one- ... ...

Abstract	The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections demands effective alternative therapeutics of antibiotics, whereas biocompatible zero-dimensional nanomaterials are an excellent option due to their small size. In this study, we report the one-step hydrothermal approach that was used to synthesize luminescent manganese doped carbon dots (Mn-Cdots) with an efficient quantum yield of 9.2% by employing green
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.3c08586
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Article ; Online: Strategies in design of self-propelling hybrid micro/nanobots for bioengineering applications.

Shivalkar, Saurabh / Roy, Anwesha / Chaudhary, Shrutika / Samanta, Sintu Kumar / Chowdhary, Pallabi / Sahoo, Amaresh Kumar

Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)

2023 Volume 18, Issue 6

Abstract: Micro/nanobots are integrated devices developed from engineered nanomaterials that have evolved significantly over the past decades. They can potentially be pre-programmed to operate robustly at numerous hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites for ... ...

Abstract	Micro/nanobots are integrated devices developed from engineered nanomaterials that have evolved significantly over the past decades. They can potentially be pre-programmed to operate robustly at numerous hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites for multiple bioengineering applications such as early disease diagnosis, precision surgeries, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapeutics, bio-imaging, biomolecules isolation, detoxification, bio-sensing, and clearing up clogged arteries with high soaring effectiveness and minimal exhaustion of power. Several techniques have been introduced in recent years to develop programmable, biocompatible, and energy-efficient micro/nanobots. Therefore, the primary focus of most of these techniques is to develop hybrid micro/nanobots that are an optimized combination of purely synthetic or biodegradable bots suitable for the execution of user-defined tasks more precisely and efficiently. Recent progress has been illustrated here as an overview of a few of the achievable construction principles to be used to make biomedical micro/nanobots and explores the pivotal ventures of nanotechnology-moderated development of catalytic autonomous bots. Furthermore, it is also foregrounding their advancement offering an insight into the recent trends and subsequent prospects, opportunities, and challenges involved in the accomplishments of the effective multifarious bioengineering applications.
MeSH term(s)	Nanotechnology/methods ; Biomedical Engineering ; Nanostructures ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Bioengineering
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2265222-X
ISSN	1748-605X ; 1748-6041
ISSN (online)	1748-605X
ISSN	1748-6041
DOI	10.1088/1748-605X/acf975
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Article ; Online: Solid Freeform Techniques Application in Bone Tissue Engineering for Scaffold Fabrication.

Shivalkar, Saurabh / Singh, Sangeeta

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

2017 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 187–200

Abstract: Solid freeform techniques are revolutionising technology with great potential to fabricate highly organized biodegradable scaffolds for damaged tissues and organs. Scaffolds fabricated via Solid freeform (SFF) techniques have more pronounced effect in ... ...

Abstract	Solid freeform techniques are revolutionising technology with great potential to fabricate highly organized biodegradable scaffolds for damaged tissues and organs. Scaffolds fabricated via Solid freeform (SFF) techniques have more pronounced effect in bone tissue engineering. SFF techniques produce various types of scaffolds from different biomaterials with specific pore size, geometries, orientation, interconnectivity and anatomical shapes. Scaffolds needs to be designed from such biomaterials which can attach directly to natural tissues and mimic its properties, so ideally mechanical properties of scaffolds should be same as that of regenerating tissues for best results. The scaffolds designed without optimized mechanical properties would lead to the reduced nutrition diffusion within tissue engineered constructs (TECs) causing tissue necrosis. These scaffolds are mainly processed from ceramics and polymers like calcium phosphate, polydioxane, €-polycaprolactone, polylactic and polyglycolic acids etc. While, hydrogel scaffolds provide bridge for encapsulated cells and tissues to integrate with natural ECM. Likewise, 2D images from radiography were not sufficient for the prediction of the brain structure, cranial nerves, vessel and architecture of base of the skull and bones, which became possible using the 3D prototyping technologies. Any misrepresentation can lead to fatal outcomes. Biomodelling from these techniques for spinal surgery and preoperative planning are making its way toward successful treatment of several spinal deformities and spinal tumor. In this review we explored laser based and printing SFF techniques following its methodologies, principles and most recent areas of application with its achievements and possible challenges faced during its applications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-28
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2677535-9
ISSN	2212-5469 ; 1738-2696
ISSN (online)	2212-5469
ISSN	1738-2696
DOI	10.1007/s13770-016-0002-5
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Article ; Online: Recent development of autonomously driven micro/nanobots for efficient treatment of polluted water.

Shivalkar, Saurabh / Gautam, Pavan Kumar / Chaudhary, Shrutika / Samanta, Sintu Kumar / Sahoo, Amaresh Kumar

Journal of environmental management

2021 Volume 281, Page(s) 111750

Abstract: Autonomously propelled micro/nanobots are one of the most advanced and integrated structures which have been fascinated researchers owing to its exceptional property that enables them to be carried out user-defined tasks more precisely even on an atomic ... ...

Abstract	Autonomously propelled micro/nanobots are one of the most advanced and integrated structures which have been fascinated researchers owing to its exceptional property that enables them to be carried out user-defined tasks more precisely even on an atomic scale. The unique architecture and engineering aspects of these manmade tiny devices make them viable options for widespread biomedical applications. Moreover, recent development in this line of interest demonstrated that micro/nanobots would be very promising for the water treatment as these can efficiently absorb or degrade the toxic chemicals from the polluted water based on their tunable surface chemistry. These auto propelled micro/nanobots catalytically degrade toxic pollutants into non-hazardous compounds more rapidly and effectively. Thus, for the last few decades, nanobots mediated water treatment gaining huge popularity due to its ease of operation and scope of guided motion that could be monitored by various external fields and stimuli. Also, these are economical, energy-saving, and suitable for large scale water treatment, particularly required for industrial effluents. However, the efficacy of these bots hugely relies on its design, characteristic of materials, properties of the medium, types of fuel, and surface functional groups. Minute variation for one of these things may lead to a change in its performance and hinders its dynamics of propulsion. It is deemed that nanobots might be a smart choice for using these as the new generation devices for treating industrial effluents before discharging it in the water bodies, which is a major concern for human health and the environment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Nanotechnology ; Water
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111750
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Article: Autonomous magnetic microbots for environmental remediation developed by organic waste derived carbon dots

Shivalkar, Saurabh / Gautam, Pavan Kumar / Verma, Arushi / Maurya, Krishna / Sk, Md Palashuddin / Samanta, Sintu Kumar / Sahoo, Amaresh Kumar

Journal of environmental management. 2021 Nov. 01, v. 297

2021

Abstract: Biodegradable precursors for micro/nanobots development are key requirements for several sustainable applications. In this regard, we propose an innovative solution for water purification at minimum cost and efforts where organic waste is used for the ... ...

Abstract	Biodegradable precursors for micro/nanobots development are key requirements for several sustainable applications. In this regard, we propose an innovative solution for water purification at minimum cost and efforts where organic waste is used for the treatment of organic pollutants. Herein, catalytic magnetic microbots were developed by functionalizing iron oxide nanoparticles with carbon dots (C-Dots), which were synthesized by using household waste such as potato peels as precursors. The speed of these autonomously propelling bots indeed is found very promising for large distance swimming even in viscous medium by using hydrogen peroxide as fuel. These microbots catalytically propel and degrade toxic polar as well as sparingly water-soluble industrial dyes without any external agitation. The degradation of dyes was confirmed by mass-spectra analysis. Furthermore, these microbots can efficiently degrade a mixture of dyes and reused without compromising its performance significantly. Additionally, rate constant (K) and activation energy (Eₐ) were also determined to establish the catalytic nature of the bots. The present microbots acted as nanozyme owing to its synergistic catalytic activity of Fe₃O₄ and C-Dots for degradation of mixture of toxic dyes, essential for large scale water treatment.
Keywords	activation energy ; agitation ; biodegradability ; catalytic activity ; hydrogen peroxide ; iron oxides ; magnetism ; organic wastes ; potatoes ; remediation ; toxicity ; water purification ; water solubility
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1101
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113322
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Article: Outbreak of COVID-19: A Detailed Overview and Its Consequences.

Shivalkar, Saurabh / Pingali, M Shivapriya / Verma, Arushi / Singh, Anirudh / Singh, Vishal / Paital, Biswaranjan / Das, Debashis / Varadwaj, Pritish Kumar / Samanta, Sintu Kumar

Advances in experimental medicine and biology

2022 Volume 1353, Page(s) 23–45

Abstract: Introduction: After the outbreak from Wuhan City of China, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a pandemic worldwide in a very short span of time. The high transmission rate and pathogenicity of this virus have made COVID-19 a major public health ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: After the outbreak from Wuhan City of China, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a pandemic worldwide in a very short span of time. The high transmission rate and pathogenicity of this virus have made COVID-19 a major public health concern globally. Basically, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 is the third introduction of a highly infectious human epidemic coronavirus in the twenty-first century. Various research groups have claimed bats to be the natural host of SARS-CoV-2. However, the intermediate host and mode of transmission from bat to humans are not revealed yet. The COVID-19 cost hundreds and thousands of lives and millions are facing the consequences. The objective of this chapter was to analyze the outbreak of COVID-19 and problems faced globally. Methods: All published relevant literature from scientific sources and reputed news channels are considered to write the current review. Results: Generally, elder persons and more particularly people with underlying medical conditions are found to be highly vulnerable to severe infection and prone to fatal outcomes. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment with clinically approved drugs or vaccines to treat this disease. Several research groups have been investigating the efficacies of several antiviral and repurposed drugs. Currently, most of the SARS-COV-2 vaccines are at the preclinical or clinical stage of development. The latest research progress on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and current status of therapeutic intervention indicates that still a specific drug or vaccine needs to come up for the effective treatment of the pandemic COVID-19. It is observed that various aspects of social life, economic status, and healthcare systems are majorly affected by this pandemic. Conclusion: It is concluded that the outbreak of COVID-19 has severely affected each and every field, such as social, scientific, industrial, transport, and medical sectors. Irrespective of tremendous efforts globally, few vaccines are now available for the prevention of the disease. Specific drug is not available publicly for the treatment of COVID-19. Prevention of air pollution that can aggravate COVID-19 has been suggested. Therefore, as of now, social distancing and sanitization practices are the only options available for the prevention of the disease for many.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
ISSN (online)	2214-8019
ISSN	0065-2598
DOI	10.1007/978-3-030-85113-2_2
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Article ; Online: Bacterial biofilm infections, their resistance to antibiotics therapy and current treatment strategies.

Singh, Anirudh / Amod, Ayush / Pandey, Priyanshu / Bose, Pranay / Pingali, M Shivapriya / Shivalkar, Saurabh / Varadwaj, Pritish Kumar / Sahoo, Amaresh Kumar / Samanta, Sintu Kumar

Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)

2022 Volume 17, Issue 2

Abstract: Nearly 80% of human chronic infections are caused due to bacterial biofilm formation. This is the most leading cause for failure of medical implants resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In addition, biofilms are also known to cause serious problems ...

Abstract	Nearly 80% of human chronic infections are caused due to bacterial biofilm formation. This is the most leading cause for failure of medical implants resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In addition, biofilms are also known to cause serious problems in food industry. Biofilm impart enhanced antibiotic resistance and become recalcitrant to host immune responses leading to persistent and recurrent infections. It makes the clinical treatment for biofilm infections very difficult. Reduced penetration of antibiotic molecules through EPS, mutation of the target site, accumulation of antibiotic degrading enzymes, enhanced expression of efflux pump genes are the probable causes for antibiotics resistance. Accordingly, strategies like administration of topical antibiotics and combined therapy of antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides are considered for alternate options to overcome the antibiotics resistance. A number of other remediation strategies for both biofilm inhibition and dispersion of established biofilm have been developed. The metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and their oxides have recently gained a tremendous thrust as antibiofilm therapy for their unique features. This present comprehensive review gives the understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms of biofilm and provides an overview of various currently available biofilm remediation strategies, focusing primarily on the applications of metallic NPs and their oxides.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Biofilms ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2265222-X
ISSN	1748-605X ; 1748-6041
ISSN (online)	1748-605X
ISSN	1748-6041
DOI	10.1088/1748-605X/ac50f6
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Article ; Online: Nanoengineering of biohybrid micro/nanobots for programmed biomedical applications.

Shivalkar, Saurabh / Chowdhary, Pallabi / Afshan, Tayyaba / Chaudhary, Shrutika / Roy, Anwesha / Samanta, Sintu Kumar / Sahoo, Amaresh Kumar

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces

2022 Volume 222, Page(s) 113054

Abstract: Biohybrid micro/nanobots have emerged as an innovative resource to be employed in the biomedical field due to their biocompatible and biodegradable properties. These are tiny nanomaterial-based integrated structures engineered in a way that they can move ...

Abstract	Biohybrid micro/nanobots have emerged as an innovative resource to be employed in the biomedical field due to their biocompatible and biodegradable properties. These are tiny nanomaterial-based integrated structures engineered in a way that they can move autonomously and perform the programmed tasks efficiently even at hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites. The biohybrid micro/nanobots can either be cell/bacterial/enzyme-based or may mimic the properties of an active molecule. It holds the potential to change the landscape in various areas of biomedical including early diagnosis of disease, therapeutics, imaging, or precision surgery. The propulsion mechanism of the biohybrid micro/nanobots can be both fuel-based and fuel-free, but the most effective and easiest way to propel these micro/nanobots is via enzymes. Micro/nanobots possess the feature to adsorb/functionalize chemicals or drugs at their surfaces thus offering the scope of delivering drugs at the targeted locations. They also have shown immense potential in intracellular sensing of biomolecules and molecular events. Moreover, with recent progress in the material development and processing is required for enhanced activity and robustness the fabrication is done via various advanced techniques to avoid self-degradation and cause cellular toxicity during autonomous movement in biological medium. In this review, various approaches of design, architecture, and performance of such micro/nanobots have been illustrated along with their potential applications in controlled cargo release, therapeutics, intracellular sensing, and bioimaging. Furthermore, it is also foregrounding their advancement offering an insight into their future scopes, opportunities, and challenges involved in advanced biomedical applications.
MeSH term(s)	Nanostructures ; Bacteria ; Diagnostic Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1500523-9
ISSN	1873-4367 ; 0927-7765
ISSN (online)	1873-4367
ISSN	0927-7765
DOI	10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113054
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