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  1. Article: Nucleotide Substitutions in Hepatitis B Viruses Derived from Chronic HBV Patients.

    Shokatpour, Narjes / Vaezjalali, Maryam / Foster, Graham R / Sali, Shahnaz

    Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases

    2019  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) e2019046

    Abstract: Background: Mutations in the S gene (HBsAg), pre-core (PC), and basic core promoter (BCP) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are correlated with disease progression. This study assessed the frequency of mutations in the S gene, PC, and BCP regions ...

    Abstract Background: Mutations in the S gene (HBsAg), pre-core (PC), and basic core promoter (BCP) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are correlated with disease progression. This study assessed the frequency of mutations in the S gene, PC, and BCP regions in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.
    Methods: 104 formerly known CHB patients who visited Tehran Hepatitis centers, were included. The viral load of samples was determined based on the TaqMan method. Regions of the S gene, PC and BCP were amplified by the nested PCR. Positive PCR products were sequenced and analyzed.
    Results: 33 successfully sequenced S gene region revealed all the derived strains were genotype D, with the majority (90.9%) belonging to the ayw2 subtype, and the rest (9.1%) to the ayw1 subtype. The prevalence of mutations was found to be 51.0% and 18.0% in the HBsAg and the Major Hydrophilic Region, respectively. 70.0% of amino acid changes within HBsAg occurred in different immune epitopes, of which 27.0% and 72.0% were located in B cell and Th epitopes, respectively. 26 successfully sequenced PC and BCP regions showed at least one mutation in 84.6% of the HBV strains. The PC and BCP mutations were G1896A (61.0%), G1899A (23.0%), A1762T/G1764A (23.0%) and G1764T/C1766G (26.0%). None of the strains with A1762T/G1764A mutation carried the G1764T/C1766G mutant.
    Conclusions: Our results showed common mutations within HBsAg, occurring in immune epitopes, a high rate of G1896A mutations in the PC region, and a negative correlation between the emergence of A1762T/G1764A mutation and the G1764T/C1766G mutant in the BCP region.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2674750-9
    ISSN 2035-3006
    ISSN 2035-3006
    DOI 10.4084/MJHID.2019.046
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Different Genotypes of Adhesion Operon Genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates From Various Ocular Infections.

    Sharifinejad, Mehrnoush / Shokatpour, Narjes / Farnaghi, Farshad / Abedinyfar, Zohreh / Amoli, Fahimeh Asadi / Doustdar, Farahnoosh

    Eye & contact lens

    2018  Volume 44 Suppl 2, Page(s) S277–S280

    Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the common causes of bacterial keratitis and post-operation infections. One of the most important virulence factors of S. epidermidis is biofilm formation. Poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) production is ... ...

    Abstract Background: Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the common causes of bacterial keratitis and post-operation infections. One of the most important virulence factors of S. epidermidis is biofilm formation. Poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) production is critical for biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. The intercellular adhesion (ica) operon is formed by icaA, icaD, icaB, and icaC genes, which participate in the biosynthesis of PNAG. Strains of S. epidermidis from different infections show different genotypes in relation to adhesion operon genes. Therefore, regarding the fact that the pathogenic strain in each community has unique genotypes, this study investigated the relation between ica operon genotypes and various ocular infections. However, the correlation between the ica operon genes and the mecA gene was analyzed in the isolates.
    Methods: For this study, samples of the conjunctiva, cornea, and intraocular fluid of patients with ocular infection were collected. After culture and incubation, detection of S. epidermidis was performed using biochemical and coagulase tests. The antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. After this, DNA was extracted from the bacteria and the presence of icaA, icaD, is256, and mecA genes was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction.
    Results: All 50 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus samples isolated from different eye infections were characterized as S. epidermidis. Most of the samples (36%) were isolated from the cornea and the others were, respectively, from the conjunctiva (24%), vitreous (20%), anterior chamber (8%), eyelid (6%), and nasolacrimal duct (6%). The icaA, icaD, and is256 genes were detected with different genotypes in isolates from keratitis and endophthalmities compared with conjunctivitis. Overall, the most isolated genotype from ocular infections was icaA+. icaD+. is256+. (46%). Most of the isolates (82.60%) had mecA, icaA, and icaD genes simultaneously, which indicates a strong relationship between the adhesion genes and the antibiotic resistance gene.
    Conclusions: The adhesion operon genes were observed with different genotypes in S. epidermidis samples isolated from various ocular infections.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Adhesion/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Operon/genetics ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; Staphylococcal Infections/genetics ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolation & purification ; Virulence Factors/genetics
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; DNA, Bacterial ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; Virulence Factors ; polysaccharide intercellular adhesin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2103049-2
    ISSN 1542-233X ; 1542-2321
    ISSN (online) 1542-233X
    ISSN 1542-2321
    DOI 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000464
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: Mucosal and Systemic Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination Determined by Severity of Primary Infection.

    Sajadi, Mohammad M / Myers, Amber / Logue, James / Saadat, Saman / Shokatpour, Narjes / Quinn, James / Newman, Michelle / Deming, Meagan / Rikhtegaran Tehrani, Zahra / Magder, Laurence S / Karimi, Maryam / Abbasi, Abdolrahim / Shlyak, Mike / Baracco, Lauren / Frieman, Matthew B / Crotty, Shane / Harris, Anthony D

    mSphere

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) e0027922

    Abstract: With much of the world infected with or vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (commonly abbreviated SARS-CoV-2; abbreviated here SARS2), understanding the immune responses to the SARS2 spike (S) protein in different ... ...

    Abstract With much of the world infected with or vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (commonly abbreviated SARS-CoV-2; abbreviated here SARS2), understanding the immune responses to the SARS2 spike (S) protein in different situations is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We studied the clinical, systemic, mucosal, and cellular responses to two doses of SARS2 mRNA vaccines in 62 individuals with and without prior SARS2 infection that were divided into three groups based on antibody serostatus prior to vaccination and/or degree of disease symptoms among those with prior SARS2 infection: antibody negative (naive), low symptomatic, and symptomatic. Antibody negative were subjects who were antibody negative (i.e., those with no prior infection). Low symptomatic subjects were those who were antibody negative and had minimal or no symptoms at time of SARS2 infection. Symptomatic subjects were those who were antibody positive and symptomatic at time of SARS2 infection. All three groups were then studied when they received their SARS2 mRNA vaccines. In the previously SARS2-infected (based on antibody test) low symptomatic and symptomatic groups, reactogenic symptoms related to a recall response were elicited after the first vaccination. Anti-S trimer IgA and IgG titers, and neutralizing antibody titers, peaked after the 1st vaccination in the previously SARS2-infected groups and were significantly higher than for the SARS2 antibody-negative group in the plasma and nasal samples at most time points. Nasal and plasma IgA antibody responses were significantly higher in the low symptomatic group than in the symptomatic group at most time points. After the first vaccination, differences in cellular immunity were not evident between groups, but the activation-induced cell marker (AIM
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Reinfection ; Vaccination ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ISSN 2379-5042
    ISSN (online) 2379-5042
    DOI 10.1128/msphere.00279-22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Maternal transfer of IgA and IgG SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies transplacentally and via breast milk feeding.

    Sajadi, Mohammad M / Shokatpour, Narjes / Purcell, Madeleine / Tehrani, Zahra Rikhtegaran / Lankford, Allison / Bathula, Allison / Campbell, James D / Hammershaimb, Elizabeth Adrianne / Deatrick, Kristopher B / Bor, Casey / Parsell, Dawn M / Dugan, Colleen / Levine, Andrea R / Ramelli, Sabrina C / Chertow, Daniel S / Herr, Daniel L / Saharia, Kapil K / Lewis, George K / Grazioli, Alison

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0284020

    Abstract: Background: Although there have been many studies on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk, very few have looked at the fate of these in the infant, and whether they are delivered to immunologically relevant sites in infants.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Although there have been many studies on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk, very few have looked at the fate of these in the infant, and whether they are delivered to immunologically relevant sites in infants.
    Methods: Mother/infant pairs (mothers who breast milk fed and who were SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated before or after delivery) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Mother blood, mother breast milk, infant blood, infant nasal specimen, and infant stool was tested for IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer.
    Results: Thirty-one mother/infant pairs were recruited. Breast milk fed infants acquired systemic anti-spike IgG antibodies only if their mothers were vaccinated antepartum (100% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P<0.0001). Breast milk fed infants acquired mucosal anti-spike IgG antibodies (in the nose) only if their mothers were vaccinated antepartum (89% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P<0.0001). None of the infants in either group had anti-spike IgA in the blood. Surprisingly, 33% of the infants whose mothers were vaccinated antepartum had high titer anti-spike IgA in the nose (33% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P = 0.03). Half-life of maternally transferred plasma IgG antibodies in the Antepartum infant cohort was ~70 days.
    Conclusion: Vaccination antepartum followed by breast milk feeding appears to be the best way to provide systemic and local anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for infants. The presence of high titer SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in the nose of infants points to the potential importance of breast milk feeding early in life for maternal transfer of mucosal IgA antibodies. Expectant mothers should consider becoming vaccinated antepartum and consider breast milk feeding for optimal transfer of systemic and mucosal antibodies to their infants.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Female ; Humans ; Milk, Human ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Breast Feeding ; Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0284020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Mucosal and systemic responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in infection naive and experienced individuals

    Sajadi, Mohammad M. / Myers, Amber / Logue, James / Saadat, Saman / Shokatpour, Narjes / Quinn, James / Newman, Michelle / Deming, Meagan / Tehrani, Zahra Rikhtegaran / Karimi, Maryam / Abbasi, Rahim / Crotty, Shane / Harris, Anthony D.

    bioRxiv

    Abstract: With much of the world infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, understanding the immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein in different situations is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We studied the clinical, systemic, mucosal, and ... ...

    Abstract With much of the world infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, understanding the immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein in different situations is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We studied the clinical, systemic, mucosal, and cellular responses to two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in 62 individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure that were divided into three groups based on serostatus and/or degree of symptoms: Antibody negative, Asymptomatic, and Symptomatic. In the previously SARS-CoV-2-infected (SARS2-infected) Asymptomatic and Symptomatic groups, symptoms related to a recall response were elicited after the first vaccination. Anti-S trimer IgA and IgG levels peaked after 1st vaccination in the SARS2-infected groups, and were higher that the in the SARS2-naive group in the plasma and nasal samples at all time points. Neutralizing antibodies titers were also higher against the WA-1 and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the SARS2-infected compared to SARS2-naive vaccinees. After the first vaccination, differences in cellular immunity were not evident between groups, but the AIM+ CD4+ cell response correlated with durability of humoral immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. In those SARS2-infected, the number of vaccinations needed for protection, the durability, and need for boosters are unknown. However, the lingering differences between the SARS2-infected and SARS2-naive up to 10 months post-vaccination could explain the decreased reinfection rates in the SARS2-infected vaccinees recently reported and suggests that additional strategies (such as boosting of the SARS2-naive vaccinees) are needed to narrow the differences observed between these groups.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-14
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.12.13.472159
    Database COVID19

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  6. Article ; Online: Maternal transfer of IgA and IgG SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies transplacentally and via breastfeeding

    Sajadi, Mohammad M. / Shokatpour, Narjes / Bathula, Allison / Tehrani, Zahra / Lankford, Allison / Purcell, Madeleine / Campbell, James D. / Hammershaimb, Elizabeth Adrianne Duque / Deatrick, Kristopher B. / Bor, Casey / Parsell, Dawn M. / Dugan, Colleen / Levine, Andrea / Ramelli, Sabrina C. / Chertow, Daniel / Herr, Daniel L. / Lewis, George K. / Grazioli, Alison

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Although there have been many studies on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk, very few have looked at the fate of these in the baby. We carried out a study in 22 mother/baby pairs (mothers who breastfed and who were SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated ... ...

    Abstract Although there have been many studies on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk, very few have looked at the fate of these in the baby. We carried out a study in 22 mother/baby pairs (mothers who breastfed and who were SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated before or after delivery) looking at mother blood, mother milk, baby blood, baby nose, and baby stool. Breastfed infants only acquired systemic anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies if their mothers were vaccinated antepartum. None of the infants had SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in the blood, but surprisingly, half of the infants in the Antepartum group had high titer SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in the nose that exceeded titers found in breastmilk. Vaccination antepartum followed by breastfeeding appears to be the best way to provide systemic and local anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for infants.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-23
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.12.21.21267733
    Database COVID19

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