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Article ; Online: Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Avoidance Behaviour Questionnaire among a treatment-seeking adult sample.

Shor, Rachel / Lee, Daniel J / Thompson-Hollands, Johanna / Sloan, Denise M

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

2021 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 393–398

Abstract: Objective: Avoidance of trauma-related stimuli is thought to be central in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, knowledge of trauma-related avoidance has been limited by conceptualization of this construct as ...

Abstract	Objective: Avoidance of trauma-related stimuli is thought to be central in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, knowledge of trauma-related avoidance has been limited by conceptualization of this construct as unifactorial and consisting of only two components. The Posttraumatic Avoidance Behaviour Questionnaire (PABQ; van Minnen & Hagenaars, 2010) was developed to assess distinct domains of avoidance. Method: The current study expanded upon one prior psychometric study of the PABQ by examining the internal consistency and construct validity of the PABQ among a sample of 177 treatment-seeking adults diagnosed with PTSD. Results: Results indicated that the psychometric properties vary by PABQ subscale. Although all subscales demonstrated adequate internal consistency, items that appear to be negatively impacting internal consistency were identified for several subscales. Although correlations between PABQ subscales indicate subscales index distinct dimensions of trauma-related avoidance, observed similar associations with external correlates suggest these subscales may not functionally differ in their association with PTSD symptoms and co-occurring psychopathology. Accordingly, results suggest further construct validity evidence is needed to determine whether, despite potentially representing distinct domains of avoidance, avoidance of different forms of trauma-related stimuli predicts functionally distinct outcomes. Conclusions: Collectively, our results indicate that the PABQ is a potentially promising measure for assessing trauma-related avoidance behavior, although additional research is needed to better understand the degree to which these hypothesized distinct domains of avoidance behaviors represent meaningfully distinct constructs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Avoidance Learning ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Psychopathology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2497028-1
ISSN	1942-969X ; 1942-9681
ISSN (online)	1942-969X
ISSN	1942-9681
DOI	10.1037/tra0001060
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The development of the Systems and Individual Responsibility for Poverty (SIRP) Scale.

Shor, Rachel / Calton, Jenna M / Cattaneo, Lauren B

Journal of community psychology

2018 Volume 46, Issue 8, Page(s) 1010–1025

Abstract: Poverty is a widespread social problem that affects a substantial number of Americans each year. Attitudes can affect a range of judgments, behavioral intentions, and actions related to addressing this problem. However, existing tools that measure ... ...

Abstract	Poverty is a widespread social problem that affects a substantial number of Americans each year. Attitudes can affect a range of judgments, behavioral intentions, and actions related to addressing this problem. However, existing tools that measure attitudes toward those in poverty do not fully capture the deficit ideology that is a critical component of beliefs about social class. We developed the Systems and Individual Responsibility for Poverty (SIRP) Scale to address this gap. This article describes the development of an initial pool of 20 items, and then the refinement and validation of the final 17-item measure. Exploratory factor analysis (N = 260) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 280) yielded 2 factors: Individual Responsibility and Systems Responsibility. The Individual Responsibility factor comprises two subscales, differentiating between reasons for getting into and not getting out of poverty. The SIRP is a new tool for evaluating community psychologists' efforts to shift deficit-oriented thinking about poverty, and is likely to be particularly useful in education contexts. In future work, community psychologists might adapt the measure to assess deficit oriented thinking about other problems, and to explore how such attitudes are related to behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Poverty ; Social Class ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1491194-2
ISSN	1520-6629 ; 0090-4392
ISSN (online)	1520-6629
ISSN	0090-4392
DOI	10.1002/jcop.22088
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Article ; Online: The transition to civilian life: Impact of comorbid PTSD, chronic pain, and sleep disturbance on veterans' social functioning and suicidal ideation.

Shor, Rachel / Borowski, Shelby / Zelkowitz, Rachel L / Pineles, Suzanne L / Copeland, Laurel A / Finley, Erin P / Perkins, Daniel F / Vogt, Dawne

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

2022 Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) 1315–1323

Abstract: Objective: Trauma-exposed veterans may be more likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic pain, and sleep disturbance together rather than in isolation. Although these conditions are independently associated with distress and ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Trauma-exposed veterans may be more likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic pain, and sleep disturbance together rather than in isolation. Although these conditions are independently associated with distress and impairment, how they relate to social functioning and suicidal ideation (SI) when experienced comorbidly is not clear. Method: Using longitudinal data on 5,461 trauma-exposed U.S. veterans from The Veterans Metrics Initiative study and self-reported disorders, we assessed (a) the extent to which PTSD co-occurs with sleep disturbance and chronic pain (CP); (b) the relationship of PTSD in conjunction with sleep disturbance and chronic pain with later social functioning and SI; and (c) the extent to which social functioning mediates the impact of multimorbidity on SI. Results: At approximately 15 months postseparation, 90.5% of veterans with probable PTSD also reported sleep disturbance and/or CP. Relative to veterans without probable PTSD, veterans with all 3 conditions (n = 907) experienced the poorest social functioning ( Conclusions: Although these findings underscore the impact of PTSD on functioning and SI, they also highlight the complexity of multimorbidity and the importance of bolstering social functioning for veterans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Suicidal Ideation ; Veterans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications ; Chronic Pain/epidemiology ; Chronic Pain/complications ; Social Interaction ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders/complications ; Sleep
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2497028-1
ISSN	1942-969X ; 1942-9681
ISSN (online)	1942-969X
ISSN	1942-9681
DOI	10.1037/tra0001271
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Article ; Online: Optimism, Sociability, and the Risk of Future Suicide Attempt among U.S. Army Soldiers.

Naifeh, James A / Ursano, Robert J / Stein, Murray B / Mash, Holly B Herberman / Aliaga, Pablo A / Fullerton, Carol S / Shor, Rachel / Kao, Tzu-Cheg / Sampson, Nancy A / Kessler, Ronald C

Military medicine

2023

Abstract: Introduction: Most research on suicide attempts among U.S. service members has been focused on risk factors that occur during service. There is an important gap in our understanding of premilitary factors, such as personality characteristics, that may ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Most research on suicide attempts among U.S. service members has been focused on risk factors that occur during service. There is an important gap in our understanding of premilitary factors, such as personality characteristics, that may be associated with future suicide attempt risk during service. Of particular importance is identifying risk factors for the 1/3 of suicide attempters who never receive a mental health diagnosis (MH-Dx)-and therefore are not identified as having a mental health problem in the military healthcare system-prior to their suicide attempt. Materials and methods: Using two components of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers, we examined the association of personality facets from the Tailored Adaptive Personality Assessment System, a computerized instrument administered prior to entering service, with medically documented suicide attempts during service. A 2010-2016 sample of historical administrative records from U.S. Regular Army enlisted soldiers with complete data on 11 commonly administered Tailored Adaptive Personality Assessment System facets was examined using a series of logistic regression analyses to identify the facets associated with future suicide attempt. Significant facets were then applied to data from a longitudinal cohort study of 11,288 soldiers surveyed upon entering basic combat training and followed via administrative records for their first 48 months of service. This research was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the collaborating institutions. Results: Analysis of the historical administrative data (87.0% male, 61.6% White non-Hispanic), found that low Optimism (odds ratio (OR) = 1.2 [95% CI = 1.0-1.4]) and high/low (vs. moderate) Sociability (OR = 1.3 [95%CI = 1.1-1.6]) were associated with suicide attempt after adjusting for other univariable-significant facets and socio-demographic and service-related variables. When examined in the longitudinal survey cohort, low Optimism (OR = 1.7 [95% CI = 1.1-2.4]) and high/low (vs. moderate) Sociability (OR = 1.7 [95% CI = 1.1-2.5]) were still associated with increased odds of documented suicide attempt during service, even after adjusting for each other, socio-demographic and service-related variables, and medically documented MH-Dx. Mental health diagnosis had a significant two-way interaction with Optimism (F = 5.27, p = 0.0236) but not Sociability. Stratified analyses indicated that low Optimism was associated with suicide attempt among soldiers without, but not among those with, a MH-Dx. Interactions of Optimism and Sociability with gender were nonsignificant. In the full model, population attributable risk proportions for Optimism and Sociability were 15.0% and 18.9%, respectively. Optimism and Sociability were differentially associated with suicide attempt risk across time in service. Conclusions: Optimism and Sociability, assessed prior to entering U.S. Army service, are consistently associated with future suicide attempt during service, even after adjusting for other important risk factors. While Sociability is equally associated with suicide attempt among those with and without a MH-Dx, Optimism is specifically associated with suicide attempt among soldiers not identified in the mental healthcare system. Risk differences across time in service suggest that Optimism and Sociability interact with stressors and contextual factors in particular developmental and Army career phases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391061-1
ISSN	1930-613X ; 0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
ISSN	0026-4075
DOI	10.1093/milmed/usad457
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Article ; Online: Tobacco withdrawal-induced changes in sensorimotor filtering as a predictor of smoking lapse in trauma-exposed individuals.

Pineles, Suzanne L / Ni, Pengsheng / Pandey, Shivani / Japuntich, Sandra J / Cesare, Nina / Shor, Rachel / Carpenter, Joseph K / Gregor, Kristin / Joos, Celina M / Blumenthal, Terry D / Rasmusson, Ann M

Addictive behaviors

2023 Volume 148, Page(s) 107868

Abstract: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a measure of sensorimotor filtering thought to shield the processing of initial weaker auditory stimuli from interruption by a later startle response. Previous studies have shown smoking withdrawal to have a negative impact ... ...

Abstract	Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a measure of sensorimotor filtering thought to shield the processing of initial weaker auditory stimuli from interruption by a later startle response. Previous studies have shown smoking withdrawal to have a negative impact on sensorimotor filtering, particularly in individuals with psychopathology. Because tobacco use may alleviate sensory and sensorimotor filtering deficits, we examined whether smoking withdrawal-induced changes in PPI were associated with maintenance of smoking abstinence in trauma-exposed individuals with and without PTSD who were attempting to quit smoking. Thirty-eight individuals (n = 24 with current or past PTSD; 14 trauma-exposed healthy controls) made an acute biochemically-verified smoking cessation attempt supported by 8 days of contingency management (CM) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking. Participants completed a PPI task at the pre-quit baseline, 2 days post-quit, and 5 days post-quit. Post-quit changes in PPI were compared between those who remained abstinent for the first 8-days of the quit attempt and those who lapsed back to smoking. PPI changes induced by biochemically-verified smoking abstinence were associated with maintenance of abstinence across the 8-day CM/CBT-supported quit attempt. As compared to those who maintained tobacco abstinence, participants who lapsed to smoking had significantly lower PPI at 2 and 5 days post-quit relative to baseline. Thus, among trauma-exposed individuals, decreases in PPI during acute smoking cessation supported by CM/CBT are associated with lapse back to smoking. Interventions that improve PPI during early smoking abstinence may facilitate smoking cessation among such individuals who are at high risk for chronic, refractory tobacco use.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Smoking/therapy ; Smoking/psychology ; Tobacco Smoking ; Smoking Cessation/psychology ; Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology ; Tobacco Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107868
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Article ; Online: Elaborating the Connection between Social Class and Classism in College.

Cattaneo, Lauren B / Chan, Wing Yi / Shor, Rachel / Gebhard, Kris T / Elshabassi, Nour H

American journal of community psychology

2019 Volume 63, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 476–486

Abstract: Scholarship has documented the challenges that face college students of marginalized economic backgrounds, an issue that is relevant for Community Psychology because of the field's commitment to social justice. Community psychologists are concerned with ... ...

Abstract	Scholarship has documented the challenges that face college students of marginalized economic backgrounds, an issue that is relevant for Community Psychology because of the field's commitment to social justice. Community psychologists are concerned with facilitating access to social resources such as education across the full range of social identities. The current study builds on recent research that has identified the key role of classism in students' struggles. We developed a new measure of college student financial stress in order to investigate the relationship between indices of social class (financial stress, subjective social status, and parental education) and indices of classism (institutional, interpersonal, and citational). We also explored whether race or immigration status moderated these relationships in a sample of diverse students (N = 278). Findings show that students' current financial stress has the strongest relationship with classism, and immigration status moderates the exposure to citational classism. Specifically, we found evidence for perpetuation of classism among U.S. born students higher on the social class ladder. Implications for future research include the importance of considering multiple domains of social class, studying social class in a context-specific way, and differentiating dimensions of classism. Findings also suggest that financial stress is an important focus in the work to support marginalized students, and that classist narratives need to be addressed among students of higher social class.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Economic Status ; Emigration and Immigration ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prejudice ; Social Class ; Students ; United States ; Universities ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	222658-3
ISSN	1573-2770 ; 0091-0562
ISSN (online)	1573-2770
ISSN	0091-0562
DOI	10.1002/ajcp.12322
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Article ; Online: Plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in trauma-exposed women: a preliminary report.

Arditte Hall, Kimberly A / DeLane, Sumaiya E / Anderson, George M / Lago, Tiffany R / Shor, Rachel / Wang, Weiwei / Rasmusson, Ann M / Pineles, Suzanne L

Psychopharmacology

2021 Volume 238, Issue 6, Page(s) 1541–1552

Abstract: Rationale: Aberrations in the stress response are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom development, maintenance, and severity. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, may play a key role ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Aberrations in the stress response are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom development, maintenance, and severity. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, may play a key role in stress recovery. Objectives: In this preliminary study, we examined whether plasma GABA levels differed between women with PTSD and trauma-exposed healthy controls. Methods: Thirty participants provided plasma samples during two phases of the menstrual cycle: the early follicular phase and the mid-luteal phase. During each phase, blood was drawn after 45 min of rest, and after mild and moderately stressful psychophysiological tasks. Plasma GABA levels were measured using HPLC-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: In analyses using PTSD diagnosis as a categorical group variable, women with and without a diagnosis of PTSD did not differ in plasma GABA levels (ps > .18). However, in analyses examining PTSD symptom severity as a continuous variable, there was a trend-level positive association between more severe PTSD symptoms and higher plasma GABA levels across the four blood draws (p = .06). In analyses examining DSM-IV PTSD symptom clusters separately, dysphoria symptoms were positively and significantly associated with plasma GABA levels (p = .03). Similarly, there was a trend-level positive association between avoidance cluster symptoms and plasma GABA levels (p = .06). Plasma GABA levels were not modulated by experimentally induced stress or menstrual cycle phase. Conclusions: Dysregulation in GABA may be a neurobiological marker and/or potential treatment target for women with PTSD symptom profiles characterized by prominent dysphoria and avoidance cluster symptoms.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Follicular Phase/physiology ; Humans ; Luteal Phase/physiology ; Menstrual Cycle/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/blood ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/physiopathology ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Young Adult ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/blood ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
Chemical Substances	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130601-7
ISSN	1432-2072 ; 0033-3158
ISSN (online)	1432-2072
ISSN	0033-3158
DOI	10.1007/s00213-021-05785-z
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Article ; Online: Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Avoidance Behaviour Questionnaire among a treatment-seeking adult sample.

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Article ; Online: The development of the Systems and Individual Responsibility for Poverty (SIRP) Scale.

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Article ; Online: The transition to civilian life: Impact of comorbid PTSD, chronic pain, and sleep disturbance on veterans' social functioning and suicidal ideation.

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Article ; Online: Optimism, Sociability, and the Risk of Future Suicide Attempt among U.S. Army Soldiers.

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Article ; Online: Tobacco withdrawal-induced changes in sensorimotor filtering as a predictor of smoking lapse in trauma-exposed individuals.

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Article ; Online: Elaborating the Connection between Social Class and Classism in College.

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Article ; Online: Plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in trauma-exposed women: a preliminary report.

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