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Article: Seasonal hyper acute panuveitis: an unfathomed menace causing blindness in Nepal.

Sapkota, U H / Shrestha, S / Shrestha, A B

2022 Volume 48, Page(s) 101011

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2750179-6
ISSN	2052-2975
ISSN	2052-2975
DOI	10.1016/j.nmni.2022.101011
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Comparative study on effectiveness of doxapram and pethidine for postanaesthetic shivering.

Shrestha, A B

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

2009 Volume 48, Issue 174, Page(s) 116–120

Abstract: Introduction: Postanaesthetic shivering is a common condition after surgery which needs proper management with pharmacologic agents so as to make postoperative period comfortable to the patient and prevent from the untoward complications that can arise ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Postanaesthetic shivering is a common condition after surgery which needs proper management with pharmacologic agents so as to make postoperative period comfortable to the patient and prevent from the untoward complications that can arise from it. This study was done to compare the effectiveness of Pethidine and Doxapram in the treatment of postanaesthetic shivering. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into three groups, ten in each. All received volume of 3 ml as Group I (Doxapram 1.5 mg/kg), Group II (Pethidine 0.35 mg/kg) and Group III (Normal Saline). All patients were observed for 30 minutes after reversal of muscle relaxant and occurrence of shivering within this period was observed, scored and treated. All treated patients were observed for 10 minutes after the test drug was given for control of shivering and any untoward effects. Results: Pethidine was found more effective than Doxapram in treating postanaesthetic shivering as it was effective in 80% followed by Doxapram in 60% and Normal saline in 20%. Statistically the results between Normal saline and Pethidine was significant as P < 0.05. As statistical significance between Doxapram and Normal Saline was p = 0.16; and between Pethidine and Doxapram was p = 0.62, the difference is statistically not significant. Conclusions: Pethidine was found to be more effective compared to Doxapram in treating patients with postoperative shivering.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Anesthesia, General ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Doxapram/administration & dosage ; Doxapram/therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Meperidine/administration & dosage ; Meperidine/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Shivering/drug effects ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Doxapram (94F3830Q73) ; Meperidine (9E338QE28F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-04
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2209910-4
ISSN	1815-672X ; 0028-2715
ISSN (online)	1815-672X
ISSN	0028-2715
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Thesis ; Online: Spatiotemporal variability of carbon and nitrogen in floodplain soils of a perialpine river

Shrestha, A. B.

2011

Keywords	KOHLENSTOFFGEHALT DES BODENS (BODENCHEMIE) ; AUENBÖDEN + ALLUVIALE BÖDEN + SCHWEMMLAND-BÖDEN (PEDOLOGIE) ; CARBON CYCLE (GEOCHEMISTRY) ; FLUVIATILE AND ALLUVIAL PLAIN (SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT) ; ORGANISCHE BODENCHEMIE (PEDOLOGIE) ; SOIL CARBON CONTENT (SOIL CHEMISTRY) ; STICKSTOFFKREISLAUF DES BODENS (BODENMIKROBIOLOGIE) ; KOHLENSTOFFKREISLAUF (GEOCHEMIE) ; WARTH-WEININGEN (CANTON OF THURGAU) ; NEUNFORN (KANTON THURGAU) ; SOIL NITROGEN CYCLE (SOIL MICROBIOLOGY) ; NEUNFORN (CANTON OF THURGAU) ; NITROGEN CYCLE (GEOCHEMISTRY) ; THUR ; NORD-OSTSCHWEIZ (MITTELEUROPÄISCHE FLÜSSE) ; RIVERSIDE SOILS + ALLUVIAL SOILS + FLOODPLAIN SOILS (PEDOLOGY) ; WARTH-WEININGEN (KANTON THURGAU) ; NORTH-EASTERN SWITZERLAND (CENTRAL EUROPEAN RIVERS) ; ORGANIC SOIL CHEMISTRY (PEDOLOGY) ; FLUVIATILE UND ALLUVIALE EBENE (ABLAGERUNGSMILIEU) ; STICKSTOFFKREISLAUF (GEOCHEMIE) ; info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/630 ; info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/560 ; Agriculture ; Paleontology ; paleozoology
Language	English
Publisher	ETH Zürich
Publishing country	ch
Document type	Thesis ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Efficacy of Preemptive Gabapentin for Lower Extremity Orthopedic surgery under Subarachnoid Block.

Hamal, P K / Shrestha, A B / Shrestha, R R

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

2015 Volume 53, Issue 200, Page(s) 210–213

Abstract: Introduction: Gabapentin is one of the adjuncts when given before surgery as a multi modal analgesia regimen has shown to decrease pain scores and opioid consumption in the first 24 hour after surgery. The aim of the study is to assess total opioid ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Gabapentin is one of the adjuncts when given before surgery as a multi modal analgesia regimen has shown to decrease pain scores and opioid consumption in the first 24 hour after surgery. The aim of the study is to assess total opioid consumption in first 24 hour postoperatively after giving 600mg of preemptive oral Gabapentin in lower extremity orthopedic surgery done under subarachnoid block. Methods: A randomized single blinded study was conducted for duration of 6 months after approval from institutional review board. A total of 52 American Society of Anesthesiology physical status grade I and II cases were included in the study of which 26 patients received oral Gabapentin two hours prior to surgery and 26 patients in the control group. They were evaluated postoperatively for total opioid consumption in first 24 hours, Visual Analogue Score after 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours at rest. Results: Total opioid consumption in first 24 hours was 74.13 ± 27.78 mg in Gabapentin group versus 123.53 ± 64.48 mg in Control (p = 0.001). VAS score was 1.23 ± 1.47 in Gabapentin group versus 2.12 ± 1.58 in Control group (p=0.04) at 2 hours and 2.19 ± 0.40 in Gabapentin group versus 2.77 ± 1.17 in control group (p=0.02) at 24 hours postoperatively at rest which were found to be statistically significant. Incidence of sedation was minimal and comparable in both groups. Conclusions: Oral Gabapentin 600mg given two hours before surgery reduces total opioid consumption in first 24 hours after surgery and also reduces Visual Analogue score for pain postoperatively at rest in 2 and 24 hours with minimum sedation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2209910-4
ISSN	1815-672X ; 0028-2715
ISSN (online)	1815-672X
ISSN	0028-2715
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Article ; Online: South Asian agriculture increasingly dependent on meltwater and groundwater

Lutz, A. F. / Immerzeel, W. W. / Siderius, C. / Wijngaard, R. R. / Nepal, Santosh / Shrestha, A. B. / Wester, P. / Biemans, H.

Nature Climate Change

2022

Abstract: Irrigated agriculture in South Asia depends on meltwater, monsoon rains and groundwater. Climate change alters the hydrology and causes shifts in the timing, composition and magnitude of these sources of water supply. Simultaneously, socio-economic ... ...

Abstract	Irrigated agriculture in South Asia depends on meltwater, monsoon rains and groundwater. Climate change alters the hydrology and causes shifts in the timing, composition and magnitude of these sources of water supply. Simultaneously, socio-economic growth increases water demand. Here we use a high-resolution cryosphere–hydrology–crop model forced with an ensemble of climate and socio-economic projections to assess how the sources of irrigation water supply may shift during the twenty-first century. We find increases in the importance of meltwater and groundwater for irrigated agriculture. An earlier melt peak increases meltwater withdrawal at the onset of the cropping season in May and June in the Indus, whereas increasing peak irrigation water demand during July and August aggravates non-renewable groundwater pumping in the Indus and Ganges despite runoff increases. Increasing inter-annual variability in rainfall runoff increases the need for meltwater and groundwater to complement rainfall runoff during future dry years.
Keywords	meltwater ; groundwater ; agriculture ; irrigated farming ; climate change ; forecasting ; hydrological modelling ; socioeconomic aspects ; water availability ; water supply ; water demand ; irrigation water ; water extraction ; rain ; runoff ; glaciers ; river basins ; monsoon climate ; crops
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-18T14:47:47Z
Publisher	Springer
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: South Asian agriculture increasingly dependent on meltwater and groundwater

Lutz, A.F. / Immerzeel, W.W. / Siderius, C. / Wijngaard, R.R. / Nepal, S. / Shrestha, A.B. / Wester, P. / Biemans, H.

Nature Climate Change

2022 Volume 12, Issue 6

Abstract	Irrigated agriculture in South Asia depends on meltwater, monsoon rains and groundwater. Climate change alters the hydrology and causes shifts in the timing, composition and magnitude of these sources of water supply. Simultaneously, socio-economic growth increases water demand. Here we use a high-resolution cryosphere–hydrology–crop model forced with an ensemble of climate and socio-economic projections to assess how the sources of irrigation water supply may shift during the twenty-first century. We find increases in the importance of meltwater and groundwater for irrigated agriculture. An earlier melt peak increases meltwater withdrawal at the onset of the cropping season in May and June in the Indus, whereas increasing peak irrigation water demand during July and August aggravates non-renewable groundwater pumping in the Indus and Ganges despite runoff increases. Increasing inter-annual variability in rainfall runoff increases the need for meltwater and groundwater to complement rainfall runoff during future dry years.
Keywords	Life Science
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2614383-5
ISSN	1758-6798 ; 1758-678X
ISSN (online)	1758-6798
ISSN	1758-678X
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Assessment of high‐resolution satellite rainfall estimation products in a streamflow model for flood prediction in the Bagmati basin, Nepal

Bajracharya, S.R. / Shrestha, M.S. / Shrestha, A.B.

Journal of flood risk management. 2017 Mar., v. 10, no. 1

2017

Abstract: The use of appropriate hydrological models with real‐time satellite rainfall estimates can help mitigate flood damage, provide support to contingency planning, and provide warning to people threatened by floods. In this study, the simulated streamflow ... ...

Abstract	The use of appropriate hydrological models with real‐time satellite rainfall estimates can help mitigate flood damage, provide support to contingency planning, and provide warning to people threatened by floods. In this study, the simulated streamflow from the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM) using NOAA Climate Prediction Centre Rainfall Estimates Version 2.0 (RFE) data was compared with observed streamflow in the Bagmati basin. The model showed poor performance when forced with 2002 monsoon RFE. However, the simulated streamflow showed a significant improvement when using improved RFE by incorporating local rain gauge data into the rainfall estimate. Simulated streamflow was much closer to the observed discharge, with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of 0.91, flow ratio of 1.1, and coefficient of determination of 0.92. Thus, improved RFE can be considered for use in flood prediction. A flood hazard map prepared using the extreme rainfall event showed an inundation area of 315 km², 8.4% of the basin.
Keywords	basins ; climate models ; flood damage ; monsoon season ; prediction ; rain ; rain gauges ; risk management ; satellites ; stream flow ; Nepal
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-03
Size	p. 5-16.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2430376-8
ISSN	1753-318X
ISSN	1753-318X
DOI	10.1111/jfr3.12133
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Climate Change Impacts on the Upper Indus Hydrology: Sources, Shifts and Extremes.

Lutz, A F / Immerzeel, W W / Kraaijenbrink, P D A / Shrestha, A B / Bierkens, M F P

PloS one

2016 Volume 11, Issue 11, Page(s) e0165630

Abstract: The Indus basin heavily depends on its upstream mountainous part for the downstream supply of water while downstream demands are high. Since downstream demands will likely continue to increase, accurate hydrological projections for the future supply are ... ...

Abstract	The Indus basin heavily depends on its upstream mountainous part for the downstream supply of water while downstream demands are high. Since downstream demands will likely continue to increase, accurate hydrological projections for the future supply are important. We use an ensemble of statistically downscaled CMIP5 General Circulation Model outputs for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 to force a cryospheric-hydrological model and generate transient hydrological projections for the entire 21st century for the upper Indus basin. Three methodological advances are introduced: (i) A new precipitation dataset that corrects for the underestimation of high-altitude precipitation is used. (ii) The model is calibrated using data on river runoff, snow cover and geodetic glacier mass balance. (iii) An advanced statistical downscaling technique is used that accounts for changes in precipitation extremes. The analysis of the results focuses on changes in sources of runoff, seasonality and hydrological extremes. We conclude that the future of the upper Indus basin's water availability is highly uncertain in the long run, mainly due to the large spread in the future precipitation projections. Despite large uncertainties in the future climate and long-term water availability, basin-wide patterns and trends of seasonal shifts in water availability are consistent across climate change scenarios. Most prominent is the attenuation of the annual hydrograph and shift from summer peak flow towards the other seasons for most ensemble members. In addition there are distinct spatial patterns in the response that relate to monsoon influence and the importance of meltwater. Analysis of future hydrological extremes reveals that increases in intensity and frequency of extreme discharges are very likely for most of the upper Indus basin and most ensemble members.
MeSH term(s)	Afghanistan ; China ; Climate ; Climate Change/statistics & numerical data ; Hydrology/methods ; Hydrology/statistics & numerical data ; Ice Cover ; India ; Models, Statistical ; Pakistan ; Rivers ; Seasons ; Snow ; Temperature ; Water Movements ; Water Supply/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0165630
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Projected changes in climate over the Indus river basin using a high resolution regional climate model (PRECIS)

Rajbhandari, R / Shrestha, A. B / Kulkarni, A / Patwardhan, S. K / Bajracharya, S. R

Climate dynamics. 2015 Jan., v. 44, no. 1-2

2015

Abstract: A regional climate modelling system, the Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies developed by the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, has been used to study future climate change scenarios over Indus basin for the impact assessment. ...

Abstract	A regional climate modelling system, the Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies developed by the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, has been used to study future climate change scenarios over Indus basin for the impact assessment. In this paper we have examined the three Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions simulations selected from 17-member perturbed physics ensemble generated using Hadley Centre Coupled Module. The climate projections based on IPCC SRES A1B scenario are analysed over three time slices, near future (2011–2040), middle of the twenty first century (2041–2070), and distant future (2071–2098). The baseline simulation (1961–1990) was evaluated with observed data for seasonal and spatial patterns and biases. The model was able to resolve features on finer spatial scales and depict seasonal variations reasonably well, although there were quantitative biases. The model simulations suggest a non-uniform change in precipitation overall, with an increase in precipitation over the upper Indus basin and decrease over the lower Indus basin, and little change in the border area between the upper and lower Indus basins. A decrease in winter precipitation is projected, particularly over the southern part of the basin. Projections indicate greater warming in the upper than the lower Indus, and greater warming in winter than in the other seasons. The simulations suggest an overall increase in the number of rainy days over the basin, but a decrease in the number of rainy days accompanied by an increase in rainfall intensity in the border area between the upper and lower basins, where the rainfall amount is highest.
Keywords	basins ; climate ; climate change ; climate models ; model uncertainty ; prediction ; rain ; rain intensity ; seasonal variation ; simulation models ; watersheds ; winter ; Indus River
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-01
Size	p. 339-357.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1471747-5
ISSN	1432-0894 ; 0930-7575
ISSN (online)	1432-0894
ISSN	0930-7575
DOI	10.1007/s00382-014-2183-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effectiveness of epidural steroid injection for the management of symptomatic herniated lumbar disc.

Baral, B K / Shrestha, R R / Shrestha, A B / Shrestha, C K

Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ

2011 Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) 303–307

Abstract: Low-back pain is a common clinical presentation of herniated lumbar disc. This is the most common presenting complain of the young adults. The incidence of low back pain is high in our part of the world. The reason may be hilly terrain, difficult working ...

Abstract	Low-back pain is a common clinical presentation of herniated lumbar disc. This is the most common presenting complain of the young adults. The incidence of low back pain is high in our part of the world. The reason may be hilly terrain, difficult working and living environment. The initial treatment of low back pain is conservative. Epidural steroid injection (ESI) is being slowly established as a simple, effective and minimally invasive treatment modality. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of epidural steroid injection for low back and radicular pain. This is a Prospective observational study. It was carried out on the patients presenting with the complain of low back and radicular pain due to herniated lumbar disc not responding to conservative treatment. All the patients of herniated lumbar disc were proven by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Injection Methyl prednisolone 80 mg and 2 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine was diluted in 8 ml of normal saline and injected into the affected lumbar epidural space. The functional status of the patient and the severity of pain were evaluated before injection and after injection during the follow-up period by using Ostrewy disability index and visual analogue score. Sixty two patients received the epidural steroid injections, but only fifty patients came for regular follow up till six months. Among the fifty patients, 26 were male and 24 were female. The functional status and pain response of the patients were improved significantly during all the follow-up periods (p < 0.001). The success rate of this study was 81%. No major complications were encountered. The ESI is a simple, safe, effective and minimally invasive modality for the management of symptomatic herniated discs.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Injections, Spinal ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/drug therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage ; Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Methylprednisolone (X4W7ZR7023)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-12
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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