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  1. Article ; Online: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Tigecycline on Acinetobacter in Burn Patients.

    Jaiswal, Bisekha / Timalsina, Laxmi / Karki, Sushmita / Shrestha, Sanjit / Koirala, Surakshya

    Journal of Nepal Health Research Council

    2020  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 431–435

    Abstract: Background: Burn infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in spite of significant improvements in burn care and treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus etc. are the commonest isolates in which rapid ... ...

    Abstract Background: Burn infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in spite of significant improvements in burn care and treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus etc. are the commonest isolates in which rapid development of resistance to multiple drugs limits the therapeutic options for infections by Acinetobacter species. Hence, this study was done to find the occurrence of Acinetobacter and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of tigecycline against Acinetobacter isolates.
    Methods:   This cross-sectional study was conducted in Phect-Nepal Hospital, Kirtipur, Nepal from September to December 2018. Total 205 samples were included for the isolation and identification of Acinetobacter and further minimum inhibitory concentration of isolates were done following the standard laboratory protocol. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0.
    Results: Among 155 culture positive samples, 27 isolates were Acinetobacter spp.  Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test revealed that 24 isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, but all isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B. For tigecycline, 19 isolates were resistant through dis diffusion test while 20 isolates cross the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value from E test. The reliability of the E-test and disc diffusion was 0.920, which represent strong agreement between E- test and dis diffusion test.
    Conclusions: Tigecycline resistance is presenting as serious problem to the management of infection caused by Acinetobacter species. Therefore, minimum inhibitory concentration for the detection of resistance should be included in routine laboratory diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Acinetobacter ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Burns/drug therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nepal ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tigecycline
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Tigecycline (70JE2N95KR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-13
    Publishing country Nepal
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2551251-1
    ISSN 1999-6217 ; 1999-6217
    ISSN (online) 1999-6217
    ISSN 1999-6217
    DOI 10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.2530
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Gram-negative Isolates of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection.

    Nepal, Rakshya / Shrestha, Basudha / Joshi, Deepak Man / Joshi, Rajesh Dhoj / Shrestha, Sanjit / Singh, Anjana

    Journal of Nepal Health Research Council

    2018  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–26

    Abstract: Background: Lower respiratory tract infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A cross-sectional study was carried out with an objective to study the antibiogram of Gram-negative isolates of patients with lower respiratory tract ... ...

    Abstract Background: Lower respiratory tract infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A cross-sectional study was carried out with an objective to study the antibiogram of Gram-negative isolates of patients with lower respiratory tract infection visiting Kathmandu Model Hospital.
    Methods: A total of 274 specimens including sputum, endotracheal aspirates, suction tips were cultured as per standard microbiological technique. Antibiotic susceptibility and detection of Extended-spectrum beta- lactamases (ESBLs) were performed following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI 2014) guidelines.
    Results: Respiratory pathogens were recovered from 24.6% (n=65) cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae (40%) was the commonest isolates. The highest prevalence of multidrug-resistance (69.23%) was observed in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex. Extended-spectrum beta- lactamases were detected in Escherichia coli (n=4), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex (n=1).
    Conclusions: High prevalence of multidrug-resistance and extended- spectrum beta- lactamase producers were observed in respiratory isolates. For effective management of lower respiratory tract infections, an ultimate and detailed microbiological diagnosis and susceptibility testing is required.
    MeSH term(s) Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Humans ; Klebsiella/drug effects ; Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy ; Nepal ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections/physiopathology ; Tertiary Care Centers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-13
    Publishing country Nepal
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2551251-1
    ISSN 1999-6217 ; 1727-5482
    ISSN (online) 1999-6217
    ISSN 1727-5482
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Antimicrobial Sensitivity Trend in Blood Culture Positive Enteric Fever.

    Joshi, Rajesh Dhoj / Khadka, Sachin / Joshi, Deepak Man / Shrestha, Basudha / Dangal, Ganesh / Acharya, Kiran Prasad / Shrestha, Sanjit / Dongol, Yashad

    Journal of Nepal Health Research Council

    2018  Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 228–232

    Abstract: Background: For diagnosis of enteric fever, the culture of the organism from different body fluids is the gold standard. After diagnosis, it is important to treat with the right antibiotic before any complications can occur. The retrospective study is ... ...

    Abstract Background: For diagnosis of enteric fever, the culture of the organism from different body fluids is the gold standard. After diagnosis, it is important to treat with the right antibiotic before any complications can occur. The retrospective study is designed to explore the antibiotic sensitivity trend in blood culture positive typhoid fever cases and the extent of drug resistance before treatment is administered.
    Methods: A retrospective study was carried out for culture isolated enteric fever patients admitted in Kathmandu Model Hospital. The discharged records from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed. The patients above 15 years and with culture isolated enteric fever were included in the study.
    Results: One hundred fifty-nine strains of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi were isolated from Jan 2012 to Dec 2016 at Kathmandu Model Hospital. Out of 159 isolated, 125 (78.6%) were Salmonella typhi and 34 (21.4%) were paratyphi. Among them co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefixime, and ofloxacin demonstrated 100% sensitivity. Similarly, amoxicillin sensitivity was 98.1% (n=156) while ciprofloxacin was sensitive in 6.3% (n=10), intermediately sensitive in 49.1% (n=78) and resistance in 44.7% (n=71).The newer quinolone levofloxacin showed 78.5% (n=11) sensitivity. Azithromycin was sensitive in 99.2% (n=132) of total isolated Salmonella species both typhi and paratyphi.
    Conclusions: A high degree of sensitivity was noted to chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole, showing sensitivity has returned to conventional antibiotics. The drug-like ofloxacin is still the best responding drug in our contest whereas ciprofloxacin resistance is still high, but five years patterns show a trend of rollback of sensitivity.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Blood Culture ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Nepal ; Retrospective Studies ; Salmonella typhi/drug effects ; Typhoid Fever/drug therapy ; Typhoid Fever/microbiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-03
    Publishing country Nepal
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2551251-1
    ISSN 1999-6217 ; 1727-5482
    ISSN (online) 1999-6217
    ISSN 1727-5482
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Apo B/Apo A-I Ratio is Statistically A Better Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) than Conventional Lipid Profile: A Study from Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

    Tamang, Hem Kumar / Timilsina, Uddhav / Singh, Khelanand Prasad / Shrestha, Sanjit / Raman, Ramendra Kumar / Panta, Pujan / Karna, Preeti / Khadka, Laxmi / Dahal, Chandika

    Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR

    2014  Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 34–36

    Abstract: Background: Apo B and Apo A-I, are structural and functional components of lipoprotein particles that serve as transporters of cholesterol. The apo B/apo A-I ratio reflects the cholesterol transport and has been shown to be strongly related to risk of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Apo B and Apo A-I, are structural and functional components of lipoprotein particles that serve as transporters of cholesterol. The apo B/apo A-I ratio reflects the cholesterol transport and has been shown to be strongly related to risk of Myocardial infarction, stroke and other Cardiovascular manifestations.
    Materials and methods: Forty five participants with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and forty four healthy participants were included from different locations of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Fasting blood samples were collected from ante-cubital vein and serum samples were used for lipid parameters, apo B and apo A-I levels measurement.
    Results: Statistically significant differences were found for apo B/apo A-I ratio, HDL-c and apo B between the groups. The other lipid parameters and lipid ratios such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, TC/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c were not found to be significant.
    Conclusion: Apo B/apo A-I ratio seems to have better predictive value than that of classical lipid parameters in cardiovascular risk assessment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-02-03
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2775283-5
    ISSN 0973-709X ; 2249-782X
    ISSN (online) 0973-709X
    ISSN 2249-782X
    DOI 10.7860/JCDR/2014/7588.4000
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Assessment of adiponectin level in obese and lean Nepalese population and its possible correlation with lipid profile: A cross-sectional study.

    Tamang, Hem K / Timilsina, Uddhav / Singh, Khelanand P / Shrestha, Sanjit / Pandey, Bishal / Basnet, Sameer / Waiba, Binod / Shrestha, Umang

    Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism

    2013  Volume 17, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) S349–54

    Abstract: Objective: Adiponectin- one of the most important adipokines plays a pivotal role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and vascular biology. Changing food trend and lifestyle has tremendously affected the health status of Nepalese population. Studies ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Adiponectin- one of the most important adipokines plays a pivotal role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and vascular biology. Changing food trend and lifestyle has tremendously affected the health status of Nepalese population. Studies have shown that between 1996 and 2006 obesity in Nepal has increased from 1.6% to 10%. Studies have been conducted in Nepal on the prevalence of obesity and its correlation with lipid profile. But based on our knowledge, this is the first study correlating adiponectin with obesity and lipid profile in Nepal. This piece of work will certainly help to assess the impact of obesity in Nepalese population.
    Materials and methods: Fifty four obese and Thirty six normal/lean participants were included from different locations of Kathmandu Valley. Anthropometric measurements like age, BMI, Waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, mid thigh circumference and chest circumferences were taken from each participant. Blood glucose, lipid profile and serum adiponectin levels were measured from overnight fasting samples.
    Results: Significant differences were observed in BMI, Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference, Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) and Chest circumference between obese and normal groups. Fasting Blood Glucose, Serum Triglyceride, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol/HDL ratio, Non-HDL Cholesterol and Adiponectin Levels were significant between the groups. Inverse correlations were observed between adiponectin level and BMI, Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference, Waist to Hip ratio, Chest Circumference, Fasting Blood Glucose, Triglyceride, Total Cholesterol/HDL ratio, LDL/HDL Cholesterol ratio and Non-HDL Cholesterol levels. Positive correlation was found between adiponectin and HDL Cholesterol levels.
    Conclusion: Our study showed significant inverse association of serum adiponectin with obesity and lipid profile parameters except for Serum HDL Cholesterol level in Nepalese population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-28
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2600211-5
    ISSN 2230-9500 ; 2230-8210
    ISSN (online) 2230-9500
    ISSN 2230-8210
    DOI 10.4103/2230-8210.119618
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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