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Book ; Online: Textual Summarisation of Large Sets

Kuptavanich, Kittipitch / Reiter, Ehud / Van Deemter, Kees / Siddharthan, Advaith

Towards a General Approach

2024

Abstract: We are developing techniques to generate summary descriptions of sets of objects. In this paper, we present and evaluate a rule-based NLG technique for summarising sets of bibliographical references in academic papers. This extends our previous work on ... ...

Abstract	We are developing techniques to generate summary descriptions of sets of objects. In this paper, we present and evaluate a rule-based NLG technique for summarising sets of bibliographical references in academic papers. This extends our previous work on summarising sets of consumer products and shows how our model generalises across these two very different domains.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Confidence-Aware Calibration and Scoring Functions for Curriculum Learning

Ao, Shuang / Rueger, Stefan / Siddharthan, Advaith

2023

Abstract: Despite the great success of state-of-the-art deep neural networks, several studies have reported models to be over-confident in predictions, indicating miscalibration. Label Smoothing has been proposed as a solution to the over-confidence problem and ... ...

Abstract	Despite the great success of state-of-the-art deep neural networks, several studies have reported models to be over-confident in predictions, indicating miscalibration. Label Smoothing has been proposed as a solution to the over-confidence problem and works by softening hard targets during training, typically by distributing part of the probability mass from a `one-hot' label uniformly to all other labels. However, neither model nor human confidence in a label are likely to be uniformly distributed in this manner, with some labels more likely to be confused than others. In this paper we integrate notions of model confidence and human confidence with label smoothing, respectively \textit{Model Confidence LS} and \textit{Human Confidence LS}, to achieve better model calibration and generalization. To enhance model generalization, we show how our model and human confidence scores can be successfully applied to curriculum learning, a training strategy inspired by learning of `easier to harder' tasks. A higher model or human confidence score indicates a more recognisable and therefore easier sample, and can therefore be used as a scoring function to rank samples in curriculum learning. We evaluate our proposed methods with four state-of-the-art architectures for image and text classification task, using datasets with multi-rater label annotations by humans. We report that integrating model or human confidence information in label smoothing and curriculum learning improves both model performance and model calibration. The code are available at \url{https://github.com/AoShuang92/Confidence_Calibration_CL}.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-01-29
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Extractive and Abstractive Sentence Labelling of Sentiment-bearing Topics

Barawi, Mohamad Hardyman / Lin, Chenghua / Siddharthan, Advaith / Liu, Yinbin

2021

Abstract: This paper tackles the problem of automatically labelling sentiment-bearing topics with descriptive sentence labels. We propose two approaches to the problem, one extractive and the other abstractive. Both approaches rely on a novel mechanism to ... ...

Abstract	This paper tackles the problem of automatically labelling sentiment-bearing topics with descriptive sentence labels. We propose two approaches to the problem, one extractive and the other abstractive. Both approaches rely on a novel mechanism to automatically learn the relevance of each sentence in a corpus to sentiment-bearing topics extracted from that corpus. The extractive approach uses a sentence ranking algorithm for label selection which for the first time jointly optimises topic--sentence relevance as well as aspect--sentiment co-coverage. The abstractive approach instead addresses aspect--sentiment co-coverage by using sentence fusion to generate a sentential label that includes relevant content from multiple sentences. To our knowledge, we are the first to study the problem of labelling sentiment-bearing topics. Our experimental results on three real-world datasets show that both the extractive and abstractive approaches outperform four strong baselines in terms of facilitating topic understanding and interpretation. In addition, when comparing extractive and abstractive labels, our evaluation shows that our best performing abstractive method is able to provide more topic information coverage in fewer words, at the cost of generating less grammatical labels than the extractive method. We conclude that abstractive methods can effectively synthesise the rich information contained in sentiment-bearing topics.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language
Subject code	400
Publishing date	2021-08-29
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Enhanced performance of Aloe vera incorporated chitosan-polyethylene oxide electrospun wound scaffold produced using novel Spirograph based collector assembly.

Pathalamuthu, P / Siddharthan, A / Giridev, V R / Victoria, Victor / Thangam, Ramar / Sivasubramanian, Srinivasan / Savariar, Vincent / Hemamalini, T

International journal of biological macromolecules

2019 Volume 140, Page(s) 808–824

Abstract: Spirograph is a geometric drawing that produces mathematical roulette curves of the variety technically known as hypotrochoids and epitrochoids. This paper presents a research on a novel Spirograph Based Mechanical System (SBMS) meant for the production ... ...

Abstract	Spirograph is a geometric drawing that produces mathematical roulette curves of the variety technically known as hypotrochoids and epitrochoids. This paper presents a research on a novel Spirograph Based Mechanical System (SBMS) meant for the production of electrospun mat with near uniform characteristics for wound dressing applications. A combination of natural (Chitosan) and artificial (Polyethylene oxide) polymer, along with Aloe vera plant extract has been evaluated as a material for wound dressing application. The improvement in the mechanical property, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate developed SBMS compared to the typical collectors has been found suitable for producing electrospun mat for wound dressing applications.
MeSH term(s)	Aloe/chemistry ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Cell Line ; Chitosan/chemistry ; Collagen ; Female ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis ; Tensile Strength ; Wound Healing
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Biocompatible Materials ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A) ; Collagen (9007-34-5) ; Chitosan (9012-76-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.158
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Article: Designing online species identification tools for biological recording: the impact on data quality and citizen science learning.

Sharma, Nirwan / Colucci-Gray, Laura / Siddharthan, Advaith / Comont, Richard / van der Wal, René

PeerJ

2019 Volume 6, Page(s) e5965

Abstract: In recent years, the number and scale of environmental citizen science programmes that involve lay people in scientific research have increased rapidly. Many of these initiatives are concerned with the recording and identification of species, processes ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, the number and scale of environmental citizen science programmes that involve lay people in scientific research have increased rapidly. Many of these initiatives are concerned with the recording and identification of species, processes which are increasingly mediated through digital interfaces. Here, we address the growing need to understand the particular role of digital identification tools, both in generating scientific data and in supporting learning by lay people engaged in citizen science activities pertaining to biological recording communities. Starting from two well-known identification tools, namely identification keys and field guides, this study focuses on the decision-making and quality of learning processes underlying species identification tasks, by comparing three digital interfaces designed to identify bumblebee species. The three interfaces varied with respect to whether species were directly compared or filtered by matching on visual features; and whether the order of filters was directed by the interface or a user-driven open choice. A concurrent mixed-methods approach was adopted to compare how these different interfaces affected the ability of participants to make correct and quick species identifications, and to better understand how participants learned through using these interfaces. We found that the accuracy of identification and quality of learning were dependent upon the interface type, the difficulty of the specimen on the image being identified and the interaction between interface type and 'image difficulty'. Specifically, interfaces based on filtering outperformed those based on direct visual comparison across all metrics, and an open choice of filters led to higher accuracy than the interface that directed the filtering. Our results have direct implications for the design of online identification technologies for biological recording, irrespective of whether the goal is to collect higher quality citizen science data, or to support user learning and engagement in these communities of practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.5965
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Article: Enhanced performance of Aloe vera incorporated chitosan-polyethylene oxide electrospun wound scaffold produced using novel Spirograph based collector assembly

Pathalamuthu, P / Siddharthan, A / Giridev, V.R / Victoria, Victor / Thangam, Ramar / Sivasubramanian, Srinivasan / Savariar, Vincent / Hemamalini, T

International journal of biological macromolecules. 2019 Nov. 01, v. 140

2019

Abstract	Spirograph is a geometric drawing that produces mathematical roulette curves of the variety technically known as hypotrochoids and epitrochoids. This paper presents a research on a novel Spirograph Based Mechanical System (SBMS) meant for the production of electrospun mat with near uniform characteristics for wound dressing applications. A combination of natural (Chitosan) and artificial (Polyethylene oxide) polymer, along with Aloe vera plant extract has been evaluated as a material for wound dressing application. The improvement in the mechanical property, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate developed SBMS compared to the typical collectors has been found suitable for producing electrospun mat for wound dressing applications.
Keywords	Aloe vera ; chitosan ; collectors ; geometry ; in vivo studies ; mechanical properties ; plant extracts ; polyethylene glycol
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-1101
Size	p. 808-824.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.158
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline apatites from eggshells at different Ca/P ratios.

Siddharthan, A / Kumar, T S Sampath / Seshadri, S K

Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)

2009 Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 45010

Abstract: Nanocrystalline apatites with different Ca/P ratios were synthesized using eggshell as a calcium source by microwave processing. The apatites were found to have a minor amount of Mg, Sr, Si and Na ions inherited from the eggshells. The presence of ... ...

Abstract	Nanocrystalline apatites with different Ca/P ratios were synthesized using eggshell as a calcium source by microwave processing. The apatites were found to have a minor amount of Mg, Sr, Si and Na ions inherited from the eggshells. The presence of several foreign ions results in a perturbed lattice structure indicated by an increase in lattice constants and shift in vibrational frequencies of the functional groups. The apatites were heat treated to investigate the influence of foreign ions on thermal stability. The minor amounts of ions do not affect the thermal stability. The differences in thermal behaviour of these apatites were due to the presence of HPO(2-)(4) ions only and not due to other ions because of their low content.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apatites/chemistry ; Calcium/chemistry ; Chickens ; Hot Temperature ; Ions
Chemical Substances	Apatites ; Ions ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2265222-X
ISSN	1748-605X ; 1748-6041
ISSN (online)	1748-605X
ISSN	1748-6041
DOI	10.1088/1748-6041/4/4/045010
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Article ; Online: Citizen science data reveals the need for keeping garden plant recommendations up-to-date to help pollinators.

Anderson, Helen B / Robinson, Annie / Siddharthan, Advaith / Sharma, Nirwan / Bostock, Helen / Salisbury, Andrew / Roberts, Stuart / van der Wal, René

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 20483

Abstract: Widespread concern over declines in pollinating insects has led to numerous recommendations of which "pollinator-friendly" plants to grow and help turn urban environments into valuable habitat for such important wildlife. Whilst communicated widely by ... ...

Abstract	Widespread concern over declines in pollinating insects has led to numerous recommendations of which "pollinator-friendly" plants to grow and help turn urban environments into valuable habitat for such important wildlife. Whilst communicated widely by organisations and readily taken up by gardeners, the provenance, accuracy, specificity and timeliness of such recommendations remain unclear. Here we use data (6429 records) gathered through a UK-wide citizen science programme (BeeWatch) to determine food plant use by the nations' bumblebee species, and show that much of the plant use recorded does not reflect practitioner recommendations: correlation between the practitioners' bumblebee-friendly plant list (376 plants compiled from 14 different sources) and BeeWatch records (334 plants) was low (r = 0.57), and only marginally higher than the correlation between BeeWatch records and the practitioners' pollinator-friendly plant list (465 plants from 9 different sources; r = 0.52). We found pollinator-friendly plant lists to lack independence (correlation between practitioners' bumblebee-friendly and pollinator-friendly lists: r = 0.75), appropriateness and precision, thus failing to recognise the non-binary nature of food-plant preference (bumblebees used many plants, but only in small quantities, e.g. lavender-the most popular plant in the BeeWatch database-constituted, at most, only 11% of records for any one bumblebee species) and stark differences therein among species and pollinator groups. We call for the provision and use of up-to-date dynamic planting recommendations driven by live (citizen science) data, with the possibility to specify pollinator species or group, to powerfully support transformative personal learning journeys and pollinator-friendly management of garden spaces.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bees/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Citizen Science ; Gardens ; Pollination/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-77537-6
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Article ; Online: Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite: A New Era in Bone Regeneration.

Kattimani, Vivekanand / Lingamaneni, Krishna Prasad / Chakravarthi, Pandi Srinivas / Kumar, T S Sampath / Siddharthan, Arjunan

The Journal of craniofacial surgery

2016 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 112–117

Abstract: Background: Defects of maxillofacial skeleton lead to personal (functional and aesthetic), social and behavioral problems; which make the person to isolate from the main stream of society. So, bone regeneration is the need for proper structure, function, ...

Abstract	Background: Defects of maxillofacial skeleton lead to personal (functional and aesthetic), social and behavioral problems; which make the person to isolate from the main stream of society. So, bone regeneration is the need for proper structure, function, and aesthetics following cyst enucleation, trauma, and tumor ablative surgery; which helps for overall health of the individual. Aim and objectives: The preliminary study is planned to evaluate and compare the efficacy of eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) following cystectomy. Material and methods: Microwave-processed calcium deficient EHA and commercially available SHA are used for grafting. Total 20 patients enrolled in this study, consisting 10 in each group between 20 and 45 years of age. All the patients were evaluated for bone regeneration at first, second, third, and sixth month's interval, postsurgically, using radiovisiograph and clinical parameters. Results: The bone formation characteristics vary at second month when compared to SHA. This difference may be because of the kinetics involved in the regeneration pattern. The pattern of bone healing was trabecular after third month, indicating complete bone formation. The study showed constant raise of density and remained same at the end of study period. Conclusions: Both EHA and SHA graft materials are equally efficient in early bone regeneration. Within the limitations of this study the EHA showed promising results. Which indicates the eggshell waste-bio mineral is worthwhile raw material for the production of HA and is a Go Green procedure. Eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite is economic, compared with SHA.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Bone Density/physiology ; Bone Regeneration/physiology ; Bone Substitutes/chemistry ; Bone Substitutes/therapeutic use ; Durapatite/chemistry ; Durapatite/therapeutic use ; Egg Shell/chemistry ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites/chemistry ; Hydroxyapatites/therapeutic use ; Jaw Cysts/surgery ; Male ; Maxillary Diseases/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Osteogenesis/physiology ; Radicular Cyst/surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Bone Substitutes ; Hydroxyapatites ; hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate ; Durapatite (91D9GV0Z28)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1159501-2
ISSN	1536-3732 ; 1049-2275
ISSN (online)	1536-3732
ISSN	1049-2275
DOI	10.1097/SCS.0000000000002288
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Zs.A 3761: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: The role of automated feedback in training and retaining biological recorders for citizen science.

van der Wal, René / Sharma, Nirwan / Mellish, Chris / Robinson, Annie / Siddharthan, Advaith

Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology

2016 Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 550–561

Abstract: The rapid rise of citizen science, with lay people forming often extensive biodiversity sensor networks, is seen as a solution to the mismatch between data demand and supply while simultaneously engaging citizens with environmental topics. However, ... ...

Abstract	The rapid rise of citizen science, with lay people forming often extensive biodiversity sensor networks, is seen as a solution to the mismatch between data demand and supply while simultaneously engaging citizens with environmental topics. However, citizen science recording schemes require careful consideration of how to motivate, train, and retain volunteers. We evaluated a novel computing science framework that allowed for the automated generation of feedback to citizen scientists using natural language generation (NLG) technology. We worked with a photo-based citizen science program in which users also volunteer species identification aided by an online key. Feedback is provided after photo (and identification) submission and is aimed to improve volunteer species identification skills and to enhance volunteer experience and retention. To assess the utility of NLG feedback, we conducted two experiments with novices to assess short-term (single session) and longer-term (5 sessions in 2 months) learning, respectively. Participants identified a specimen in a series of photos. One group received only the correct answer after each identification, and the other group received the correct answer and NLG feedback explaining reasons for misidentification and highlighting key features that facilitate correct identification. We then developed an identification training tool with NLG feedback as part of the citizen science program BeeWatch and analyzed learning by users. Finally, we implemented NLG feedback in the live program and evaluated this by randomly allocating all BeeWatch users to treatment groups that received different types of feedback upon identification submission. After 6 months separate surveys were sent out to assess whether views on the citizen science program and its feedback differed among the groups. Identification accuracy and retention of novices were higher for those who received automated feedback than for those who received only confirmation of the correct identification without explanation. The value of NLG feedback in the live program, captured through questionnaires and evaluation of the online photo-based training tool, likewise showed that the automated generation of informative feedback fostered learning and volunteer engagement and thus paves the way for productive and long-lived citizen science projects.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	58735-7
ISSN	1523-1739 ; 0888-8892
ISSN (online)	1523-1739
ISSN	0888-8892
DOI	10.1111/cobi.12705
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