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  1. Article: USE OF INTRACARPAL INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PROTEIN (IRAP) AND HYALURONIC ACID IN A MULTIMODAL THERAPEUTIC REGIME FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS IN AN ASIAN ELEPHANT (

    Siegal-Willott, Jessica L / Anikis, Paul / Neiffer, Donald L / Barthel, Tony / Goodrich, Laurie R

    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

    2021  Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 401–405

    Abstract: An approximately 41-yr-old female Asian elephant ( ...

    Abstract An approximately 41-yr-old female Asian elephant (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Elephants ; Female ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/administration & dosage ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/therapeutic use ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy ; Osteoarthritis/veterinary
    Chemical Substances Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2174930-9
    ISSN 1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
    ISSN (online) 1937-2825
    ISSN 1042-7260
    DOI 10.1638/2019-0113
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: SPINAL NEMATODIASIS IN A LINED FLAT-TAIL GECKO (

    Hepps Keeney, Caitlin M / Siegal-Willott, Jessica L / Mangus, Lisa M / Holder, Kali A

    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

    2021  Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 849–852

    Abstract: A 5-y-old female lined flat-tail gecko ( ...

    Abstract A 5-y-old female lined flat-tail gecko (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2174930-9
    ISSN 1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
    ISSN (online) 1937-2825
    ISSN 1042-7260
    DOI 10.1638/2019-0243
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Serum Health Biomarkers in African and Asian Elephants: Value Ranges and Clinical Values Indicative of the Immune Response

    Edwards, Katie L / Miller, Michele A / Siegal-Willott, Jessica / Brown, Janine L

    Animals. 2020 Sept. 27, v. 10, no. 10

    2020  

    Abstract: Serum biomarkers indicative of inflammation and disease can provide useful information regarding host immune processes, responses to treatment and prognosis. The aims of this study were to assess the use of commercially available anti-equine reagents for ...

    Abstract Serum biomarkers indicative of inflammation and disease can provide useful information regarding host immune processes, responses to treatment and prognosis. The aims of this study were to assess the use of commercially available anti-equine reagents for the quantification of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins (IL) 2, 6, and 10) in African (Loxodonta africana, n = 125) and Asian (Elephas maximus, n = 104) elephants, and alongside previously validated anti-human reagents for acute-phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin), calculate species-specific biomarker value ranges. In addition, we used opportunistically collected samples to investigate the concentrations of each biomarker during identified clinical cases of illness or injury, as a first step to understanding what biomarkers may be useful to managing elephant health. Immune biomarkers were each elevated above the calculated species-specific value ranges in at least one clinical case, but due to variability in both clinical and non-clinical samples, only serum amyloid A was significantly higher in clinical compared to non-clinical paired samples, with tendencies for higher TNF-α and IL-10. We also detected increased secretion of serum amyloid A and all five cytokines following routine vaccination of a single Asian elephant, indicating that these biomarkers can be beneficial for studying normal immune processes as well as pathology. This study indicates that assays developed with commercial reagents can be used to quantify health biomarkers in wildlife species and identifies several that warrant further investigation to elucidate immune responses to various pathologies.
    Keywords Elephas maximus ; Loxodonta africana ; amyloid ; biomarkers ; blood serum ; haptoglobins ; immune response ; inflammation ; interferon-gamma ; interleukin-10 ; prognosis ; secretion ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ; vaccination ; wildlife
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0927
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani10101756
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Spinal nematodiasis in a lined flat-tail gecko (uroplatus lineatus)

    Hepps Keeney, Caitlin M / Siegal-Willott, Jessica L / Mangus, Lisa M / Holder, Kali A

    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine. 2021 June 11, v. 52, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: A 5-y-old female lined flat-tail gecko (Uroplatus lineatus) presented for acute onset of lethargy and paraplegia and was subsequently euthanized. Histologic examination of the spinal cord revealed a verminous myelitis comprising moderate, multifocal, ... ...

    Abstract A 5-y-old female lined flat-tail gecko (Uroplatus lineatus) presented for acute onset of lethargy and paraplegia and was subsequently euthanized. Histologic examination of the spinal cord revealed a verminous myelitis comprising moderate, multifocal, necrotizing myelitis with intramedullary adult and larval nematodes. Molecular data and morphology indicate a cosmocercid nematode, most likely of the genus Raillietnema, a diverse taxon reported to parasitize reptiles, amphibians, and teleost fish. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of spinal nematodiasis in a reptile species, and the first report of spinal parasitism causing hind-limb paraplegia in a reptile.
    Keywords Nematoda ; Uroplatus ; adults ; females ; fish ; hindlimbs ; histology ; larvae ; medicine ; parasitism ; reptiles ; spinal cord ; wildlife ; zoos
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0611
    Size p. 849-852.
    Publishing place American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2174930-9
    ISSN 1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
    ISSN (online) 1937-2825
    ISSN 1042-7260
    DOI 10.1638/2019-0243
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: REVIEW OF ANESTHETIC PROTOCOLS IN ANDEAN BEARS (

    McEntire, Michael S / Hope, Katharine L / Hayek, Lee-Ann C / Siegal-Willott, Jessica L

    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

    2020  Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 67–79

    Abstract: A review of anesthetic procedures used in Andean bears ( ...

    Abstract A review of anesthetic procedures used in Andean bears (
    MeSH term(s) Anesthesia/methods ; Anesthesia/veterinary ; Anesthetics/administration & dosage ; Anesthetics/adverse effects ; Anesthetics/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Animals, Zoo ; Clinical Protocols ; District of Columbia ; Female ; Male ; Species Specificity ; Ursidae
    Chemical Substances Anesthetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2174930-9
    ISSN 1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
    ISSN (online) 1937-2825
    ISSN 1042-7260
    DOI 10.1638/2018-0165
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Serum Health Biomarkers in African and Asian Elephants: Value Ranges and Clinical Values Indicative of the Immune Response.

    Edwards, Katie L / Miller, Michele A / Siegal-Willott, Jessica / Brown, Janine L

    Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 10

    Abstract: Serum biomarkers indicative of inflammation and disease can provide useful information regarding host immune processes, responses to treatment and prognosis. The aims of this study were to assess the use of commercially available anti-equine reagents for ...

    Abstract Serum biomarkers indicative of inflammation and disease can provide useful information regarding host immune processes, responses to treatment and prognosis. The aims of this study were to assess the use of commercially available anti-equine reagents for the quantification of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins (IL) 2, 6, and 10) in African (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani10101756
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPRODUCTIVE AND BONE BIOMARKERS AND OSTEOARTHRITIS IN ZOO ASIAN (

    Chusyd, Daniella E / Brown, Janine L / Golzarri-Arroyo, Lilian / Dickinson, Stephanie L / Kraus, Virginia B / Siegal-Willott, Jessica / Griffin, Timothy M / Huebner, Janet L / Edwards, Katie L / Allison, David B / Austad, Steven N

    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 4, Page(s) 801–810

    Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is common in zoo Asian ( ...

    Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is common in zoo Asian (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Elephants ; Progestins ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Osteoarthritis/veterinary ; Animals, Zoo
    Chemical Substances Progestins ; Luteinizing Hormone (9002-67-9) ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone (9002-68-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2174930-9
    ISSN 1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
    ISSN (online) 1937-2825
    ISSN 1042-7260
    DOI 10.1638/2021-0080
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Review of anesthetic protocols in andean bears (tremarctos ornatus), sloth bears (melursus ursinus), and giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) at the smithsonian institution's national zoological park, 1995–2016

    McEntire, Michael S / Hope, Katharine L / Hayek, Lee-Ann C / Siegal-Willott, Jessica L

    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine. 2020 Mar. 17, v. 51, no. 1

    2020  

    Abstract: A review of anesthetic procedures used in Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus), sloth bears (Melursus ursinus), and giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) housed at the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park (NZP) from 1995 to 2016 was performed. ...

    Abstract A review of anesthetic procedures used in Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus), sloth bears (Melursus ursinus), and giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) housed at the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park (NZP) from 1995 to 2016 was performed. A total of 146 anesthetic procedures (55 procedures on 12 Andean bears, 38 procedures on nine sloth bears, and 53 procedures on five giant pandas) occurred at NZP during this time frame. Induction protocols involved some combination of ketamine (K; n = 121), tiletamine–zolazepam (TZ; n = 91), medetomidine (M; n = 67), xylazine (X; n = 42), midazolam (Mid; n = 9), and butorphanol (B; n = 1). The most commonly used protocols were TZKM for both Andean bears (n = 29) and sloth bears (n = 12), and KX in giant pandas (n = 17). Supplemental injections of K, TZ, Mid, or M were required to complete inductions in 66 cases (45%). Anesthetic maintenance was most often completed with isoflurane, ketamine, or propofol. The most commonly reported complications included perianesthetic emesis (n = 47), ptyalism (n = 16), and seizure-like activity (n = 11). The most frequent physiologic findings included low pulse oximetry values (n = 95), bradycardia (n = 95), hypothermia (n = 74), and hypertension (n = 55). Dose ranges, induction, and recovery times, supplementation and complication rates, and physiologic values are reported for each protocol by species.
    Keywords Ailuropoda melanoleuca ; Melursus ursinus ; Tremarctos ornatus ; butorphanol ; hypertension ; hypothermia ; isoflurane ; ketamine ; medetomidine ; vomiting ; xylazine ; zoos
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0317
    Size p. 67-79.
    Publishing place American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2174930-9
    ISSN 1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
    ISSN (online) 1937-2825
    ISSN 1042-7260
    DOI 10.1638/2018-0165
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Patterns of serum immune biomarkers during elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus viremia in Asian and African elephants.

    Edwards, Katie L / Latimer, Erin M / Siegal-Willott, Jessica / Kiso, Wendy / Padilla, Luis R / Sanchez, Carlos R / Schmitt, Dennis / Brown, Janine L

    PloS one

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 11, Page(s) e0252175

    Abstract: Hemorrhagic disease (HD) caused by a group of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHV) is one of the leading causes of death for young elephants in human care. These viruses are widespread and typically persist latently in adult elephants with no ... ...

    Abstract Hemorrhagic disease (HD) caused by a group of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHV) is one of the leading causes of death for young elephants in human care. These viruses are widespread and typically persist latently in adult elephants with no negative effects; however, in juvenile Asian and more recently young African elephants, the onset of disease can be rapid and the mortality rate high. Measuring biomarkers associated with the immune response could be beneficial to understanding underlying disease processes, as well as the management of infection and HD. The goal of this study was to measure acute phase proteins and cytokines in serum collected from elephants infected with EEHV (13 Asian and 1 African) and compare concentrations according to presence, severity and outcome of disease. Serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (HP) were higher in elephants with EEHV viremia than those without; concentrations increased with increasing viral load, and were higher in fatal cases compared to those that survived. In Asian elephants, SAA was also higher during EEHV1 viremia compared to EEHV5. Cytokine concentrations were typically low, and no statistical differences existed between groups. However, in individuals with detectable levels, longitudinal profiles indicated changes in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) that may reflect an immune response to EEHV infection. However, the overall low concentrations detected using previously validated assays do not support the presence of a 'cytokine storm' and suggest more work is needed to understand if sub-optimal immune responses could be involved in disease progression. These results highlight the potential benefit of measuring circulating biomarker concentrations, such as APPs and cytokines, to improve our understanding of EEHV viremia and HD, assist with monitoring the progression of disease and determining the impact of interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomarkers/blood ; Cytokines/blood ; Elephants/virology ; Haptoglobins/analysis ; Herpesviridae Infections/blood ; Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary ; Herpesviridae Infections/virology ; Serum Amyloid A Protein/analysis ; Viremia/blood ; Viremia/virology
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Haptoglobins ; Serum Amyloid A Protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0252175
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: COMPARISON OF ISOFLURANE GAS VERSUS A GUAIFENESIN, KETAMINE, AND MEDETOMIDINE CONSTANT-RATE INFUSION FOR MAINTENANCE ANESTHESIA IN AMERICAN BLACK BEARS (

    Siegal-Willott, Jessica L / Bauer, Kendra L / Hayek, Lee-Ann C / Luensman, Nicole M / Cross, Tangara N / Sajecki, Jaime L / McRuer, David L

    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

    2021  Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 570–578

    Abstract: Published anesthetic protocols for captive and free-ranging bears are limited to injectable inductions with maintenance via inhalants or additional injectable boluses. Though common in other species, intravenous (IV) continuous-rate infusions (CRI) using ...

    Abstract Published anesthetic protocols for captive and free-ranging bears are limited to injectable inductions with maintenance via inhalants or additional injectable boluses. Though common in other species, intravenous (IV) continuous-rate infusions (CRI) using guaifenesin combinations have not been evaluated in ursids. This study evaluated the use of a CRI compared to an inhalant for maintenance anesthesia. Seven healthy American black bears (
    MeSH term(s) Anesthesia, General/veterinary ; Anesthetics, Dissociative/administration & dosage ; Anesthetics, Dissociative/pharmacology ; Anesthetics, Inhalation/pharmacology ; Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Expectorants/administration & dosage ; Expectorants/pharmacology ; Female ; Guaifenesin/administration & dosage ; Guaifenesin/pharmacology ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology ; Injections, Intravenous ; Isoflurane/pharmacology ; Ketamine/pharmacology ; Male ; Medetomidine/pharmacology ; Ursidae
    Chemical Substances Anesthetics, Dissociative ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Drug Combinations ; Expectorants ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Guaifenesin (495W7451VQ) ; Ketamine (690G0D6V8H) ; Isoflurane (CYS9AKD70P) ; Medetomidine (MR15E85MQM)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
    ZDB-ID 2174930-9
    ISSN 1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
    ISSN (online) 1937-2825
    ISSN 1042-7260
    DOI 10.1638/2018-0124
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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