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  1. Article ; Online: Cumulative solar ultraviolet radiation exposure and basal cell carcinoma of the skin in a nationwide US cohort using satellite and ground-based measures.

    Little, Mark P / Linet, Martha S / Kimlin, Michael G / Lee, Terrence / Tatalovich, Zaria / Sigurdson, Alice J / Cahoon, Elizabeth K

    Environmental health : a global access science source

    2019  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 114

    Abstract: Background: Basal cell carcinoma of the skin (BCC) is the most common cancer in populations of European ancestry. Although consistently linked with basal cell carcinoma of the skin in case-control studies, few prospective cohort studies have evaluated ... ...

    Abstract Background: Basal cell carcinoma of the skin (BCC) is the most common cancer in populations of European ancestry. Although consistently linked with basal cell carcinoma of the skin in case-control studies, few prospective cohort studies have evaluated the shape of the exposure-response of basal cell carcinoma associated with cumulative radiant solar ultraviolet exposure (UVR).
    Methods: We followed 63,912 white cancer-free US radiologic technologists from entry (1983-1998) to exit (2003-2005) with known ultraviolet irradiance at up to 5 residential locations. Using generalized-additive and relative risk models we analyzed the exposure-response of basal cell carcinomas associated with ambient cumulative ultraviolet radiant exposure using ground-based National Solar Radiation database Average Daily Total Global data and satellite-based National Aeronautics and Space Administration Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer data.
    Results: There were 2151 technologists with an incident primary basal cell carcinoma. Risk of basal cell carcinoma rose with increasing cumulative ultraviolet radiation exposure using both measures, such that 1 MJ cm
    Conclusions: We observed increases in risk of basal cell carcinoma and a similar exposure-response for ground-based and satellite ultraviolet radiation measures. Our observations suggest that interventions should concentrate on persons with higher levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/etiology ; Child ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Skin Neoplasms/etiology ; Sunlight ; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1476-069X
    ISSN (online) 1476-069X
    DOI 10.1186/s12940-019-0536-9
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  2. Article ; Online: Melanoma, thyroid cancer, and gynecologic cancers in a cohort of female flight attendants.

    Pinkerton, Lynne E / Hein, Misty J / Anderson, Jeri L / Christianson, Annette / Little, Mark P / Sigurdson, Alice J / Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K

    American journal of industrial medicine

    2018  Volume 61, Issue 7, Page(s) 572–581

    Abstract: Background: Flight attendants may have an increased risk of some cancers from occupational exposure to cosmic radiation and circadian disruption.: Methods: The incidence of thyroid, ovarian, and uterine cancer among ∼6000 female flight attendants ... ...

    Abstract Background: Flight attendants may have an increased risk of some cancers from occupational exposure to cosmic radiation and circadian disruption.
    Methods: The incidence of thyroid, ovarian, and uterine cancer among ∼6000 female flight attendants compared to the US population was evaluated via life table analyses. Associations of these cancers, melanoma, and cervical cancer with cumulative cosmic radiation dose and metrics of circadian disruption were evaluated using Cox regression.
    Results: Incidence of thyroid, ovarian, and uterine cancer was not elevated. No significant, positive exposure-response relations were observed. Weak, non-significant, positive relations were observed for thyroid cancer with cosmic radiation and time zones crossed and for melanoma with another metric of circadian disruption.
    Conclusions: We found little evidence of increased risk of these cancers from occupational cosmic radiation or circadian disruption in female flight attendants. Limitations include few observed cases of some cancers, limited data on risk factors, and misclassification of exposures.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aerospace Medicine ; Chronobiology Disorders ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cosmic Radiation ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Tables ; Melanoma/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology ; United States ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Uterine Neoplasms/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 604538-8
    ISSN 1097-0274 ; 0271-3586
    ISSN (online) 1097-0274
    ISSN 0271-3586
    DOI 10.1002/ajim.22854
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  3. Article: Second cancers after radiotherapy: any evidence for radiation-induced genomic instability?

    Sigurdson, Alice J / Jones, Irene M

    Radiation research

    2005  Volume 163, Issue 6, Page(s) 702–703

    MeSH term(s) Clinical Trials as Topic ; DNA Damage ; Evidence-Based Medicine/methods ; Genomic Instability/genetics ; Genomic Instability/radiation effects ; Humans ; Neoplasms/complications ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/secondary ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80322-4
    ISSN 1938-5404 ; 0033-7587
    ISSN (online) 1938-5404
    ISSN 0033-7587
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  4. Article: Cosmic radiation exposure and cancer risk among flight crew.

    Sigurdson, Alice J / Ron, Elaine

    Cancer investigation

    2004  Volume 22, Issue 5, Page(s) 743–761

    Abstract: Nearly 20 epidemiologic or related studies of cancer incidence and mortality have been published during or since 2000, with several reporting increased risks of female breast cancer among flight attendants and melanoma among both pilots and cabin crew. ... ...

    Abstract Nearly 20 epidemiologic or related studies of cancer incidence and mortality have been published during or since 2000, with several reporting increased risks of female breast cancer among flight attendants and melanoma among both pilots and cabin crew. Occasionally, excesses of other cancers have been observed, but not consistently. Although the real causes of these excess cancer risks are not known, there is concern that they may be related to occupational exposures to ionizing radiation of cosmic origin. It is possible that confounding risk factors may partially or totally explain the observed relationships, but several investigations are beginning to address lack of past adjustment for reproductive factors and sun exposure with improved study designs. With progress in aviation technology, planes will fly longer and at higher altitudes, and presumably the number of flights and passengers will increase. To respond responsibly to the real and perceived risks associated with flying, more extensive data are needed, but special efforts should be considered to ensure new projects can genuinely add to our current knowledge.
    MeSH term(s) Aerospace Medicine/statistics & numerical data ; Aviation ; Cosmic Radiation/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases/etiology ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-10-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604942-4
    ISSN 0735-7907
    ISSN 0735-7907
    DOI 10.1081/cnv-200032767
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  5. Article ; Online: Hyperthyroidism After Radiation Therapy for Childhood Cancer: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

    Inskip, Peter D / Veiga, Lene H S / Brenner, Alina V / Sigurdson, Alice J / Ostroumova, Evgenia / Chow, Eric J / Stovall, Marilyn / Smith, Susan A / Leisenring, Wendy / Robison, Leslie L / Armstrong, Gregory T / Sklar, Charles A / Lubin, Jay H

    International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

    2019  Volume 104, Issue 2, Page(s) 415–424

    Abstract: Purpose: The association of hyperthyroidism with exposure to ionizing radiation is poorly understood. This study addresses the risk of hyperthyroidism in relation to incidental therapeutic radiation dose to the thyroid and pituitary glands in a large ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The association of hyperthyroidism with exposure to ionizing radiation is poorly understood. This study addresses the risk of hyperthyroidism in relation to incidental therapeutic radiation dose to the thyroid and pituitary glands in a large cohort of survivors of childhood cancer.
    Methods and materials: Using the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study's cohort of 5-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed at hospitals in the United States and Canada between 1970 and 1986, the occurrence of hyperthyroidism through 2009 was ascertained among 12,183 survivors who responded to serial questionnaires. Radiation doses to the thyroid and pituitary glands were estimated from radiation therapy records, and chemotherapy exposures were abstracted from medical records. Binary outcome regression was used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (ORs) for hyperthyroidism at 5 years from diagnosis of childhood cancer and Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) after the first 5 years.
    Results: Survivors reported 179 cases of hyperthyroidism, of which 148 were diagnosed 5 or more years after their cancer diagnosis. The cumulative proportion of survivors diagnosed with hyperthyroidism by 30 years after the cancer diagnosis was 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0%-2.9%) among those who received radiation therapy. A linear relation adequately described the thyroid radiation dose response for prevalence of self-reported hyperthyroidism 5 years after cancer diagnosis (excess OR/Gy, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.06-0.95) and incidence rate thereafter (excess RR/Gy, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03-0.14) over the dose range of 0 to 63 Gy. Neither radiation dose to the pituitary gland nor chemotherapy was associated significantly with hyperthyroidism. Radiation-associated risk remained elevated >25 years after exposure.
    Conclusions: Risk of hyperthyroidism after radiation therapy during childhood is positively associated with external radiation dose to the thyroid gland, with radiation-related excess risk persisting for >25 years. Neither radiation dose to the pituitary gland nor chemotherapy exposures were associated with hyperthyroidism among childhood cancer survivors through early adulthood.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events ; Cancer Survivors/statistics & numerical data ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease/radiotherapy ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism/epidemiology ; Hyperthyroidism/etiology ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia/radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Odds Ratio ; Pituitary Gland/radiation effects ; Prevalence ; Thyroid Gland/radiation effects ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197614-x
    ISSN 1879-355X ; 0360-3016
    ISSN (online) 1879-355X
    ISSN 0360-3016
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.02.009
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  6. Article: Second cancers after radiotherapy: any evidence for radiation-induced genomic instability?

    Sigurdson, Alice J / Jones, Irene M

    Oncogene

    2003  Volume 22, Issue 45, Page(s) 7018–7027

    Abstract: Do second primary cancers in humans arise from radiation-induced somatic genomic instability after radiotherapy for the first malignancy? The amount of truly pertinent human information on this issue is sparse, leading to the conclusion that we cannot ... ...

    Abstract Do second primary cancers in humans arise from radiation-induced somatic genomic instability after radiotherapy for the first malignancy? The amount of truly pertinent human information on this issue is sparse, leading to the conclusion that we cannot confirm or refute that instability induction by radiation is involved. However, the in vitro findings of radiation-induced genomic instability through bystander effects or increased mutation rates in cell progeny of apparently normal but irradiated cells are provocative and their transferability to human in vivo biology deserves further investigation. We describe possible animal and human studies to stimulate ideas, but the collaborative commitment of multiple large institutions to tumor tissue procurement and retrieval will be essential. In addition, detecting the temporal progression of genomic instability and identifying the salient genetic events as being radiation-induced will be pivotal. Execution of some of the studies suggested is not possible now, but applying next-generation methods could bring the concepts to fruition. As nearly one in 10 cancer diagnoses are second (or higher) malignancies, it is important to understand the contribution of radiotherapy to second cancer induction and pursue well-coordinated efforts to determine the role of induced genomic instability.
    MeSH term(s) DNA Damage ; Genomic Instability/radiation effects ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-10-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639046-8
    ISSN 1476-5594 ; 0950-9232
    ISSN (online) 1476-5594
    ISSN 0950-9232
    DOI 10.1038/sj.onc.1206989
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  7. Article ; Online: Changing Patterns in the Performance of Fluoroscopically Guided Interventional Procedures and Adherence to Radiation Safety Practices in a U.S. Cohort of Radiologic Technologists.

    Lim, Hyeyeun / Linet, Martha S / Van Dyke, Miriam E / Miller, Donald L / Simon, Steven L / Sigurdson, Alice J / Kitahara, Cari M

    AJR. American journal of roentgenology

    2016  Volume 207, Issue 6, Page(s) 1350–1359

    Abstract: Objective: Information is limited on changes over time in the types of fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures performed and associated radiation safety practices used by radiologic technologists.: Materials and methods: Our study included ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Information is limited on changes over time in the types of fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures performed and associated radiation safety practices used by radiologic technologists.
    Materials and methods: Our study included 12,571 U.S. radiologic technologists who were certified for at least 2 years in 1926-1982 and who reported in a 2012-2013 survey that they ever performed or assisted with fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures. They completed a mailed questionnaire in 2013-2014 describing their detailed work practices for 21 fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures and associated radiation safety practices from the 1950s through 2009.
    Results: Overall, the proportion of technologists who reported working with therapeutic fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures, including percutaneous coronary interventions, increased over time, whereas the proportion of technologists who worked with diagnostic fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures, including diagnostic cardiovascular catheterization and neuroangiographic procedures, decreased. We also observed substantial increases in the median number of times per month that technologists worked with diagnostic cardiovascular catheterizations and percutaneous coronary interventions. In each time period, most technologists reported consistently (≥ 75% of work time) wearing radiation monitoring badges and lead aprons during fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures. However, fewer than 50% of the technologists reported consistent use of thyroid shields, lead glasses, and room shields during fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures, even in more recent time periods.
    Conclusion: This study provides a detailed historical assessment of fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures performed and radiation safety practices used by radiologic technologists from the 1950s through 2009. Results can be used in conjunction with badge dose data to estimate organ radiation dose for studies of radiation-related health risks in radiologic technologists who have worked with fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cohort Studies ; Fluoroscopy/standards ; Guideline Adherence/standards ; Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Medical Laboratory Personnel/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure/prevention & control ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends ; Protective Devices/standards ; Protective Devices/statistics & numerical data ; Radiation Protection/standards ; Radiation Protection/statistics & numerical data ; Radiography, Interventional/standards ; Radiography, Interventional/statistics & numerical data ; Radiology/standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Workforce ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 82076-3
    ISSN 1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    ISSN (online) 1546-3141
    ISSN 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    DOI 10.2214/AJR.15.15979
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  8. Article ; Online: Breast cancer incidence among female flight attendants: exposure-response analyses.

    Pinkerton, Lynne E / Hein, Misty J / Anderson, Jeri L / Little, Mark P / Sigurdson, Alice J / Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K

    Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health

    2016  Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 538–546

    Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association of breast cancer incidence with cosmic radiation dose and circadian rhythm disruption in a cohort of 6093 US female flight attendants.: Methods: The association of breast cancer risk ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association of breast cancer incidence with cosmic radiation dose and circadian rhythm disruption in a cohort of 6093 US female flight attendants.
    Methods: The association of breast cancer risk with cumulative cosmic radiation dose, time spent working during the standard sleep interval, and time zones crossed (all lagged by ten years), adjusted for non-occupational breast cancer risk factors, was evaluated using Cox regression. Individual exposure estimates were derived from work history data and domicile- and era-specific exposure estimates. Breast cancers were identified from telephone interviews and state cancer registries, and covariate data were obtained from telephone interviews.
    Results: Breast cancer incidence in the overall cohort was not associated with exposure. Positive associations in breast cancer incidence were observed with all three exposures only among the 884 women with parity of ≥3. Adjusted excess relative risks for women with parity of ≥3 were 1.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.14-6.6], 0.99 (95% CI -0.04-4.3), and 1.5 (95% CI 0.14-6.2) per 10 mGy, per 2000 hours spent working in the standard sleep interval, and per 4600 time zones crossed (the approximate means of the fourth exposure quintiles among breast cancer cases), respectively.
    Conclusions: Positive exposure-response relations, although observed only in a small subset of the cohort, were robust. Future studies of breast cancer incidence among other workers with circadian rhythm disruption should assess interaction with parity to see if our findings are confirmed.
    MeSH term(s) Aircraft/history ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Circadian Rhythm/radiation effects ; Cosmic Radiation/adverse effects ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Incidence ; Interviews as Topic ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Occupational Health/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-01
    Publishing country Finland
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 191563-0
    ISSN 1795-990X ; 0355-3140
    ISSN (online) 1795-990X
    ISSN 0355-3140
    DOI 10.5271/sjweh.3586
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  9. Article ; Online: Can low-dose radiation increase risk of cardiovascular disease?

    Bhatti, Parveen / Sigurdson, Alice J / Mabuchi, Kiyohiko

    Lancet (London, England)

    2008  Volume 372, Issue 9640, Page(s) 697–699

    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Humans ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiation Injuries ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-08-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61285-4
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  10. Article: Variation in base excision repair capacity.

    Wilson, David M / Kim, Daemyung / Berquist, Brian R / Sigurdson, Alice J

    Mutation research

    2010  Volume 711, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 100–112

    Abstract: The major DNA repair pathway for coping with spontaneous forms of DNA damage, such as natural hydrolytic products or oxidative lesions, is base excision repair (BER). In particular, BER processes mutagenic and cytotoxic DNA lesions such as non-bulky base ...

    Abstract The major DNA repair pathway for coping with spontaneous forms of DNA damage, such as natural hydrolytic products or oxidative lesions, is base excision repair (BER). In particular, BER processes mutagenic and cytotoxic DNA lesions such as non-bulky base modifications, abasic sites, and a range of chemically distinct single-strand breaks. Defects in BER have been linked to cancer predisposition, neurodegenerative disorders, and immunodeficiency. Recent data indicate a large degree of sequence variability in DNA repair genes and several studies have associated BER gene polymorphisms with disease risk, including cancer of several sites. The intent of this review is to describe the range of BER capacity among individuals and the functional consequences of BER genetic variants. We also discuss studies that associate BER deficiency with disease risk and the current state of BER capacity measurement assays.
    MeSH term(s) DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic
    Chemical Substances DNA Repair Enzymes (EC 6.5.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-12-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 206607-5
    ISSN 1873-135X ; 0027-5107 ; 1383-5718 ; 0165-1110 ; 0165-1161 ; 0165-7992 ; 0921-8777 ; 0165-1218 ; 1383-5726 ; 0167-8817 ; 0921-8734 ; 1383-5742
    ISSN (online) 1873-135X
    ISSN 0027-5107 ; 1383-5718 ; 0165-1110 ; 0165-1161 ; 0165-7992 ; 0921-8777 ; 0165-1218 ; 1383-5726 ; 0167-8817 ; 0921-8734 ; 1383-5742
    DOI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.12.004
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