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  1. Article ; Online: Tobacco smoking is associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma but not with basal cell carcinoma or melanoma in adult subjects at risk of skin cancer: A cross-sectional study.

    Uotila, Ilmari / Siiskonen, Hanna / Haimakainen, Salla / Harvima, Ilkka

    Tobacco induced diseases

    2024  Volume 22

    Abstract: Introduction: The relationship between tobacco smoking and cutaneous photodamage or malignancies is still unclear. In addition to smoking, both ultraviolet radiation and immunosuppression have an impact on carcinogenesis. The purpose was to study the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The relationship between tobacco smoking and cutaneous photodamage or malignancies is still unclear. In addition to smoking, both ultraviolet radiation and immunosuppression have an impact on carcinogenesis. The purpose was to study the association of smoking with cutaneous photoaging, actinic keratosis (AK), skin cancers, and pigment cell nevi in adult subjects at risk of any type of skin cancer.
    Methods: In this cross-sectional study at Kuopio University Hospital, Finland, between May 2017 and October 2020, 488 subjects (aged 21-79 years, 246 males and 242 females, 94 with immunosuppression) were examined for a variety of skin lesions, photoaging severity, nevi, tobacco pack-years (TPY), as well as for possible confounding factors.
    Results: In logistic regression analyses, no marked association was found between TPY and total skin photoaging, facial photoaging, AK, or nevi, especially when other confounding factors, such as age, were considered. In addition, TPY was not associated with melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, or any type of skin cancer. However, ever smokers produced an elevated crude odds ratio (OR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.02-3.88, p=0.043) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) compared to non-smokers. In further analysis, TPY of ≤10 produced an elevated multivariable adjusted odds ratio (AOR=4.90; 95% CI: 1.31-18.26, p=0.018) for SCC, but TPY >10 did not (AOR=1.14; 95% CI: 0.22-6.05, p=0.876).
    Conclusions: Smoking was associated, though not dose-dependently, with an increased likelihood of SCC, but it was not associated with basal cell carcinoma or melanoma. However, the impact of smoking on cutaneous photoaging severity, AK, and nevi, appears to be weak.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-14
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2194616-4
    ISSN 1617-9625 ; 1617-9625
    ISSN (online) 1617-9625
    ISSN 1617-9625
    DOI 10.18332/tid/185299
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Spectrum of malignant and premalignant skin lesions in 505 adult subjects at risk of skin cancers.

    Nevakivi, Reetta / Siiskonen, Hanna / Haimakainen, Salla / Harvima, Ilkka T

    BMC cancer

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 338

    Abstract: Patients at risk of skin cancers can develop varying types of cutaneous malignancies. However, some subjects may develop only one type of lesion. In this cross-sectional study, the spectrum of premalignant (PM) and malignant skin lesions and their risk ... ...

    Abstract Patients at risk of skin cancers can develop varying types of cutaneous malignancies. However, some subjects may develop only one type of lesion. In this cross-sectional study, the spectrum of premalignant (PM) and malignant skin lesions and their risk factors were studied. Therefore, 505 adult subjects (aged 21-79 years, 256 males and 249 females, 96 with immunosuppression) at risk of any type of skin cancer were examined for cutaneous malignancies, nevi, actinic keratoses, photodamage, and possible risk factors. First, 12 different groups were identified with a varying set of PM and/or malignant skin lesions. Next, 5 larger groups were formed from them: basal cell carcinoma (BCC) only, malignant melanoma (MM) only, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and/or PM, BCC + SCC and/or PM, and MM + keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) and/or PM. The groups with BCC or MM only were younger and showed less photodamage than the mixed groups, while SCC/PM showed similarity with them. In logistic regression analyses, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was associated with an increased risk of concomitant KC (OR 1.028, p = 0.023) or SCC/PM (OR 1.009, p = 0.047) in subjects with MM or BCC, respectively. Actinic keratoses produced ORs 0.246-0.252 (p = 0.008-0.020) for BCC in subjects with SCC/PM. Interestingly, atypical mole syndrome decreased the risk of SCC/PM in subjects with BCC (OR 0.092, p = 0.001). Advanced age was a significant risk factor for an additional type of lesion in all 3 comparisons (ORs 1.088-1.388, p = 0.001). In conclusion, even though there are numerous patients with only one lesion type, advancing age may determine the final lesion multiplicity.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Keratosis, Actinic/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Skin Neoplasms/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/epidemiology ; Skin Diseases ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism ; Melanoma/epidemiology ; Melanoma/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041352-X
    ISSN 1471-2407 ; 1471-2407
    ISSN (online) 1471-2407
    ISSN 1471-2407
    DOI 10.1186/s12885-024-12035-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Expression of mast cell tryptase and immunoglobulin E is increased in cutaneous photodamage: implications for carcinogenesis.

    Korhonen, Jenni / Siiskonen, Hanna / Haimakainen, Salla / Harvima, Rauno J / Harvima, Ilkka T

    The Journal of dermatological treatment

    2024  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 2307488

    Abstract: Purpose: ...

    Abstract Purpose:
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Tryptases/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin E ; Skin/pathology ; Mast Cells/metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinogenesis/metabolism ; Carcinogenesis/pathology
    Chemical Substances Tryptases (EC 3.4.21.59) ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1036299-x
    ISSN 1471-1753 ; 0954-6634
    ISSN (online) 1471-1753
    ISSN 0954-6634
    DOI 10.1080/09546634.2024.2307488
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Isolation and Culture of Human Skin Mast Cells.

    Siiskonen, Hanna / Scheffel, Jörg

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2020  Volume 2154, Page(s) 33–43

    Abstract: Mast cells are intriguing immune cells monitoring the interfaces of our body with the environment. Long-term cultures of mast cells originating from hematological malignant cells have been traditionally used to investigate mast cell biology, but these ... ...

    Abstract Mast cells are intriguing immune cells monitoring the interfaces of our body with the environment. Long-term cultures of mast cells originating from hematological malignant cells have been traditionally used to investigate mast cell biology, but these cells are not optimal to study the characteristics of human skin mast cells because of their origin and also due to the changes caused by long-term culture. To overcome these limitations, freshly isolated mast cells from human skin have been recently introduced as a research tool and provide a better resource for studies investigating the properties of mast cells in the human skin. Here, the isolation procedure of human skin mast cells from skin to cell culture is explained in detail and clarified in several figures.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Separation/methods ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunomagnetic Separation/methods ; Mast Cells/cytology ; Mast Cells/metabolism ; Primary Cell Culture ; Skin/cytology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-0648-3_4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Patients with a history of atopy have fewer cutaneous melanomas than those without atopy: a cross-sectional study in 496 patients at risk of skin cancers.

    Komulainen, Jenni / Siiskonen, Hanna / Haimakainen, Salla / Kanasuo, Emilia / Harvima, Rauno J / Harvima, Ilkka T

    Melanoma research

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 218–229

    Abstract: The connection between atopy and skin cancers may be related to the stimulation of protective immune response, for example, through autoreactive immunoglobulin-E (IgE), or to the predisposition to carcinogenesis through chronic inflammation. The aim of ... ...

    Abstract The connection between atopy and skin cancers may be related to the stimulation of protective immune response, for example, through autoreactive immunoglobulin-E (IgE), or to the predisposition to carcinogenesis through chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a past or present atopic disorder is associated with cutaneous photodamage, pigment cell nevi and skin cancers. For this, adult subjects at risk of any type of skin cancer (aged 21-79 years, 250 males, 246 females, 94 with immunosuppression) were examined for past or present malignancies in skin and extracutaneous site (ECS), photodamage, nevi, past or present atopic disorder in skin or mucus membranes, and possible other cancer-related factors. No association between atopy and photodamage, keratinocyte carcinomas or nevus count was found. Instead, there were fewer subjects with melanoma in 171 atopic (14.6%) than in 325 nonatopic subjects (22.2%) ( P  = 0.044), and the investigator-estimated risk class of skin cancers was lower in atopic than nonatopic subjects. In all subjects, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) for melanoma was 0.583 ( P  = 0.046; 95% confidence interval, 0.343-0.990) in atopic subjects, but in immunocompetent subjects, the reduced risk was confined to mucus membrane atopy (OR, 0.417; P  = 0.020). Also, there were fewer subjects with malignancy in ECS in atopic (8.8%) than nonatopic subjects (15.7%) ( P  = 0.031). No association between serum total IgE and skin cancers, photodamage, nevi or malignancies in ECS was found. In conclusion, the atopy, especially mucus membrane atopy, is associated with lower percentages of subjects with a history of melanoma.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Skin Neoplasms ; Nevus ; Immunoglobulin E ; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
    Chemical Substances Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1095779-0
    ISSN 1473-5636 ; 0960-8931
    ISSN (online) 1473-5636
    ISSN 0960-8931
    DOI 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000887
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Mast Cells and Sensory Nerves Contribute to Neurogenic Inflammation and Pruritus in Chronic Skin Inflammation.

    Siiskonen, Hanna / Harvima, Ilkka

    Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

    2019  Volume 13, Page(s) 422

    Abstract: The intimate interaction between mast cells and sensory nerves can be illustrated by the wheal and surrounding flare in an urticarial reaction in human skin. This reaction is typically associated with an intense itch at the reaction site. Upon activation, ...

    Abstract The intimate interaction between mast cells and sensory nerves can be illustrated by the wheal and surrounding flare in an urticarial reaction in human skin. This reaction is typically associated with an intense itch at the reaction site. Upon activation, cutaneous mast cells release powerful mediators, such as histamine, tryptase, cytokines, and growth factors that can directly stimulate corresponding receptors on itch-mediating sensory nerves. These include, e.g., H1- and H4-receptors, protease-activated receptor-2, IL-31 receptor, and the high-affinity receptor of nerve growth factor (TrkA). On the other hand, sensory nerves can release neuropeptides, including substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide, that are able to stimulate mast cells to release mediators leading to potentiation of the reciprocal interaction, inflammation, and itch. Even though mast cells are well recognized for their role in allergic skin whealing and urticaria, increasing evidence supports the reciprocal function between mast cells and sensory nerves in neurogenic inflammation in chronic skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, which are often characterized by distressing itch, and exacerbated by psychological stress. Increased morphological contacts between mast cells and sensory nerves in the lesional skin in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis as well as experimental models in mice and rats support the essential role for mast cell-sensory nerve communication in consequent pruritus. Therefore, we summarize here the present literature pointing to a close association between mast cells and sensory nerves in pruritic skin diseases as well as review the essential supporting findings on pruritic models in mice and rats.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2452963-1
    ISSN 1662-5102
    ISSN 1662-5102
    DOI 10.3389/fncel.2019.00422
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Association of Elevated Serum Tryptase with Cutaneous Photodamage and Skin Cancers.

    Komulainen, Jenni / Siiskonen, Hanna / Harvima, Ilkka T

    International archives of allergy and immunology

    2021  Volume 182, Issue 11, Page(s) 1135–1142

    Abstract: Introduction: Mast cells and their major protein, the serine proteinase tryptase, can be involved in cutaneous photodamage and carcinogenesis. The serum test of tryptase (S-tryptase) measures total tryptase protein (active tryptase and inactive ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Mast cells and their major protein, the serine proteinase tryptase, can be involved in cutaneous photodamage and carcinogenesis. The serum test of tryptase (S-tryptase) measures total tryptase protein (active tryptase and inactive protryptases), and S-tryptase is elevated in a variety of diseases, for example, in mastocytosis and α-tryptasemia.
    Objectives: The objective of this study is to study whether S-tryptase is a marker of cutaneous photodamage and carcinogenesis.
    Methods: Adult subjects (n = 399, aged 21-79) evaluated to be at risk for skin cancers were recruited at the dermatological policlinic and examined for photodamage severity, mole count, actinic keratoses (AKs), skin cancers, and immunosuppression (IS). A blood sample was analyzed for S-tryptase using the ImmunoCAP® Tryptase fluoroenzymeimmunoassay.
    Results: There was no difference in S-tryptase between non-IS (n = 321) and IS (n = 78) subjects or between genders. S-tryptase correlated slightly to photodamage and AKs in 321 non-IS subjects, and this association can be related, in part, to the age of subjects. In 34 subjects, S-tryptase was elevated (≥13.5 ng/mL), and in 20 males, but not in 14 females, the photodamage level was significantly (p = 0.031) more severe than in 179 males with normal S-tryptase. In contrast, there were more frequently subjects (n = 12) with past or present skin cancer (basal or squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma) in 14 females with elevated S-tryptase than in 186 female controls. So far, no explanation has been found for the elevated S-tryptase.
    Conclusion: There are significant associations between elevated S-tryptase and skin carcinogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear and gender differences can exist.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/blood ; Keratosis, Actinic/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nevus/blood ; Skin Aging ; Skin Neoplasms/blood ; Tryptases/blood ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Tryptases (EC 3.4.21.59)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1108932-5
    ISSN 1423-0097 ; 1018-2438
    ISSN (online) 1423-0097
    ISSN 1018-2438
    DOI 10.1159/000517287
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  8. Article: The Impact of Hyaluronan on Tumor Progression in Cutaneous Melanoma.

    Takabe, Piia / Siiskonen, Hanna / Rönkä, Aino / Kainulainen, Kirsi / Pasonen-Seppänen, Sanna

    Frontiers in oncology

    2022  Volume 11, Page(s) 811434

    Abstract: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is rapidly increasing worldwide. Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer, which originates from malignant transformation of pigment producing melanocytes. The main risk factor for melanoma is ... ...

    Abstract The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is rapidly increasing worldwide. Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer, which originates from malignant transformation of pigment producing melanocytes. The main risk factor for melanoma is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus it often arises from highly sun-exposed skin areas and is characterized by a high mutational burden. In addition to melanoma-associated mutations such as BRAF, NRAS, PTEN and cell cycle regulators, the expansion of melanoma is affected by the extracellular matrix surrounding the tumor together with immune cells. In the early phases of the disease, hyaluronan is the major matrix component in cutaneous melanoma microenvironment. It is a high-molecular weight polysaccharide involved in several physiological and pathological processes. Hyaluronan is involved in the inflammatory reactions associated with UV radiation but its role in melanomagenesis is still unclear. Although abundant hyaluronan surrounds epidermal and dermal cells in normal skin and benign nevi, its content is further elevated in dysplastic lesions and local tumors. At this stage hyaluronan matrix may act as a protective barrier against melanoma progression, or alternatively against immune cell attack. While in advanced melanoma, the content of hyaluronan decreases due to altered synthesis and degradation, and this correlates with poor prognosis. This review focuses on hyaluronan matrix in cutaneous melanoma and how the changes in hyaluronan metabolism affect the progression of melanoma.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2649216-7
    ISSN 2234-943X
    ISSN 2234-943X
    DOI 10.3389/fonc.2021.811434
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Regular use of vitamin D supplement is associated with fewer melanoma cases compared to non-use: a cross-sectional study in 498 adult subjects at risk of skin cancers.

    Kanasuo, Emilia / Siiskonen, Hanna / Haimakainen, Salla / Komulainen, Jenni / Harvima, Ilkka T

    Melanoma research

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 126–135

    Abstract: There are conflicting results on the role of vitamin D system in cutaneous carcinogenesis. Therefore, it was investigated whether the use of oral vitamin D supplements associates with photoaging, actinic keratoses, pigment cell nevi, and skin cancers. In ...

    Abstract There are conflicting results on the role of vitamin D system in cutaneous carcinogenesis. Therefore, it was investigated whether the use of oral vitamin D supplements associates with photoaging, actinic keratoses, pigment cell nevi, and skin cancers. In this cross-sectional study, 498 adults (aged 21-79 years, 253 males, 245 females, 96 with immunosuppression) subjects at risk of any type of skin cancer were examined, and possible confounding factors were evaluated. The subjects were divided into three groups based on their self-reported use of oral vitamin D supplements: non-use, occasional use, or regular use. The serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 was analyzed in 260 subjects. In 402 immunocompetent subjects, vitamin D use did not associate with photoaging, actinic keratoses, nevi, basal, and squamous cell carcinoma. In contrast, there were lower percentages of subjects with a history of past or present melanoma (32/177, 18.1% versus 32/99, 32.3%, P  = 0.021) or any type of skin cancer (110/177, 62.1% versus 74/99, 74.7%, P  = 0.027) among regular users compared to non-users. In the logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for melanoma was 0.447 ( P  = 0.016, 95% confidence interval, 0.231-0.862) among regular users. Furthermore, the investigator-estimated risk class of skin cancers was significantly lower among regular users. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 did not show marked associations with skin-related parameters. The results on 96 immunosuppressed subjects were somewhat similar, although the number of subjects was low. In conclusion, regular use of vitamin D associates with fewer melanoma cases, when compared to non-use, but the causality between them is obscure.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Adult ; Humans ; Skin Neoplasms ; Melanoma/complications ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Keratosis, Actinic/complications ; Vitamin D ; Nevus ; Skin Diseases
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1095779-0
    ISSN 1473-5636 ; 0960-8931
    ISSN (online) 1473-5636
    ISSN 0960-8931
    DOI 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000870
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  10. Article ; Online: Sequential Increase in Complement Factor I, iC3b, and Cells Expressing CD11b or CD14 in Cutaneous Vasculitis.

    Rahkola, Dina / Lipitsä, Tiina / Siiskonen, Hanna / Naukkarinen, Anita / Harvima, Ilkka T

    Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam)

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 3888734

    Abstract: Mast cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cutaneous vasculitis through complement C3 that is cleaved to C3b and then to iC3b by complement factor I. The receptor of iC3b, CD11b, is expressed on neutrophils and monocytes and CD14 on monocytes. Their ... ...

    Abstract Mast cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cutaneous vasculitis through complement C3 that is cleaved to C3b and then to iC3b by complement factor I. The receptor of iC3b, CD11b, is expressed on neutrophils and monocytes and CD14 on monocytes. Their role in vasculitis is obscure. In this study, frozen skin biopsies from the nonlesional skin, initial petechial lesion, and palpable purpura lesion from 10 patients with immunocomplex-mediated small vessel vasculitis were studied immunohistochemically for complement factor I, iC3b, CD11b, and CD14. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 5 healthy subjects were used to study cell migration and cytokine secretion. Already, the nonlesional skin revealed marked immunostaining of complement factor I, iC3b, CD11b, and CD14, and their expression increased sequentially in initial petechial and palpable purpura lesions. Mast cell C3c correlated to iC3b, and both of them correlated to CD11b
    MeSH term(s) Complement C3b/metabolism ; Complement Factor I ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Purpura ; Vasculitis
    Chemical Substances Complement C3b (80295-43-8) ; Complement Factor I (EC 3.4.21.45)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2583629-8
    ISSN 2210-7185 ; 2210-7177
    ISSN (online) 2210-7185
    ISSN 2210-7177
    DOI 10.1155/2022/3888734
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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