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Article ; Online: Predicting the risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: The palmar creases pigmentation scale.

Leal-Silva, Hector

2021 Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 1263–1270

Abstract: Background: Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) may affect any skin type but has been linked more often to darker skin. While propensity to hyperpigmentation has not been fully elucidated, there may be a direct correlation to one's palmar crease ... ...

Abstract	Background: Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) may affect any skin type but has been linked more often to darker skin. While propensity to hyperpigmentation has not been fully elucidated, there may be a direct correlation to one's palmar crease pigmentation. Objective: The aim of this study is to validate the reliable use of a palmar creases pigmentation (PCP) scale, and its accuracy in predicting the risk of PIH. Methods: A prospective, comparative, and blinded study was conducted through photo-numeric analysis of 126 photographs of pairs of palms. We utilized a 4-point visual scale based on the level of contrast between palmar crease pigment and that of the surrounding skin. Score 0 indicated no difference, score 1 referred to a low difference, score 2 meant a moderate difference, and score 3 related to a high difference. Scores were subdivided based on the risk of PIH. Scores 0-1 are low risk and scores 2-3 are high risk. A panel of 8 medical experts independently evaluated and re-evaluated the photographs that were shown in a random order. Results: A significant degree of inter-rater reliability was found at both evaluation visits, with an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.908, P <.001, at the first evaluation and an ICC = 0.924, P <.001, at the second evaluation, demonstrating a validity of the scale. Global Fleiss kappa for intra-rater reliability for all physicians was 0.514. Conclusion: The PCP scale can be effectively used by any physician to predict hyperpigmentation risk.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hyperpigmentation/etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Factors ; Skin Pigmentation
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2280551-5
ISSN	1473-2165 ; 1473-2130
ISSN (online)	1473-2165
ISSN	1473-2130
DOI	10.1111/jocd.13968
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Book ; Article ; Online: Armed Conflict and Early Human Capital Accumulation

Galindo-Silva, Hector / Tchuente, Guy

Evidence from Cameroon's Anglophone Conflict

2023

Abstract: This paper examines the impact of the Anglophone Conflict in Cameroon on human capital accumulation. Using high-quality individual-level data on test scores and information on conflict-related violent events, a difference-in-differences design is ... ...

Abstract	This paper examines the impact of the Anglophone Conflict in Cameroon on human capital accumulation. Using high-quality individual-level data on test scores and information on conflict-related violent events, a difference-in-differences design is employed to estimate the conflict's causal effects. The results show that an increase in violent events and conflict-related deaths causes a significant decline in test scores in reading and mathematics. The conflict also leads to higher rates of teacher absenteeism and reduced access to electricity in schools. These findings highlight the adverse consequences of conflict-related violence on human capital accumulation, particularly within the Anglophone subsystem. The study emphasizes the disproportionate burden faced by Anglophone pupils due to language-rooted tensions and segregated educational systems.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; I25 ; O15 ; D74 ; J24 ; Anglophone Conflict ; Cameroon ; human capital accumulation ; educational outcomes ; language-based conflicts
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publisher	Essen: Global Labor Organization (GLO)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Ethnic Groups' Access to State Power and Group Size

Galindo-Silva, Hector

2020

Abstract: Many countries are ethnically diverse. However, despite the benefits of ethnic heterogeneity, ethnic-based political inequality and discrimination are pervasive. Why is this? This study suggests that part of the variation in ethnic-based political ... ...

Abstract	Many countries are ethnically diverse. However, despite the benefits of ethnic heterogeneity, ethnic-based political inequality and discrimination are pervasive. Why is this? This study suggests that part of the variation in ethnic-based political inequality depends on the relative size of ethnic groups within each country. Using group-level data for 569 ethnic groups in 175 countries from 1946 to 2017, I find evidence of an inverted-U-shaped relationship between an ethnic group's relative size and its access to power. This single-peaked relationship is robust to many alternative specifications, and a battery of robustness checks suggests that relative size influences access to power. Through a very simple model, I propose an explanation based on an initial high level of political inequality, and on the incentives that more powerful groups have to continue limiting other groups' access to power. This explanation incorporates essential elements of several existing theories on the relationship between group size and discrimination, and suggests a new empirical prediction: the single-peaked pattern should be weaker in countries where political institutions have historically been less open. This additional prediction is supported by the data.
Keywords	Economics - General Economics
Subject code	390
Publishing date	2020-03-18
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: Culture, Gender, and Labor Force Participation

Galindo-Silva, Hector / Herrera-Idárraga, Paula

Evidence from Colombia

2023

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of integrating gender equality into the Colombian constitution of 1991 on attitudes towards gender equality, experiences of gender-based discrimination, and labor market participation. Using a difference-in- ... ...

Abstract	This study investigates the impact of integrating gender equality into the Colombian constitution of 1991 on attitudes towards gender equality, experiences of gender-based discrimination, and labor market participation. Using a difference-in-discontinuities framework, we compare individuals exposed to mandatory high school courses on the Constitution with those who were not exposed. Our findings show a significant increase in labor market participation, primarily driven by women. Exposure to these courses also shapes attitudes towards gender equality, with men demonstrating greater support. Women report experiencing less gender-based discrimination. Importantly, our results suggest that women's increased labor market participation is unlikely due to reduced barriers from male partners. A disparity in opinions regarding traditional gender norms concerning household domains is observed between men and women, highlighting an ongoing power struggle within the home. However, the presence of a younger woman in the household appears to influence men's more positive view of gender equality, potentially indicating a desire to empower younger women in their future lives. These findings highlight the crucial role of cultural shocks and the constitutional inclusion of women's rights in shaping labor market dynamics.
Keywords	Economics - General Economics
Subject code	331
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Facial Laxity Rating Scale Validation Study.

Leal Silva, Hector G

Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.

2016 Volume 42, Issue 12, Page(s) 1370–1379

Abstract: Background: Age, weight change, clinical or surgical procedures, and distinctive characteristics, combine to be perceived as degrees of flaccidity. There is an absence of a validated scale to accurately assess the firmness-laxity spectrum of the face ... ...

Abstract	Background: Age, weight change, clinical or surgical procedures, and distinctive characteristics, combine to be perceived as degrees of flaccidity. There is an absence of a validated scale to accurately assess the firmness-laxity spectrum of the face and neck with accepted classification and terminology. Objective: To create a simplified assessment tool to measure the degree of laxity in the face and neck: the Facial Laxity Rating (FLR) scale. Methods: The FLR scale evaluates 4 distinctive signs (eyelid folds, nasojugal folds, jowls, and neck profile) in 4 regions: upper face, middle face, lower face, and neck. This study incorporated a focused training component for 7 independent physician blinded photograph scorers. A total of 188 ratings were assessed. Results: Combined weighted kappa inter-rater agreement was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.76-0.78) for 188 ratings. Mean inter-rater agreement for laxity class was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.77-0.80). Agreement scoring relative to the truth standard was 92.53% (90.31-94.21), averaged for 7 investigators. Conclusion: This study effectively presents the validation of the FLR scale for both inter-rater and agreement relative to the truth standard, demonstrating that the FLR scale may be used as a reliable instrument for quantitative assessment of chronological or treatment related laxity of the face and neck.
MeSH term(s)	Face ; Humans ; Neck ; Reproducibility of Results ; Severity of Illness Index ; Skin Aging/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Studies
ZDB-ID	1227586-4
ISSN	1524-4725 ; 1076-0512
ISSN (online)	1524-4725
ISSN	1076-0512
DOI	10.1097/DSS.0000000000000915
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Article ; Online: Dynamical Descalarization in Binary Black Hole Mergers.

Silva, Hector O / Witek, Helvi / Elley, Matthew / Yunes, Nicolás

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 127, Issue 3, Page(s) 31101

Abstract: Scalar fields coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant can undergo a tachyonic instability, leading to spontaneous scalarization of black holes. Studies of this effect have so far been restricted to single black hole spacetimes. We present the first results ...

Abstract	Scalar fields coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant can undergo a tachyonic instability, leading to spontaneous scalarization of black holes. Studies of this effect have so far been restricted to single black hole spacetimes. We present the first results on dynamical scalarization in head-on collisions and quasicircular inspirals of black hole binaries with numerical relativity simulations. We show that black hole binaries can either form a scalarized remnant or dynamically descalarize by shedding off its initial scalar hair. The observational implications of these findings are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.031101
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Article ; Online: Astrophysical and Theoretical Physics Implications from Multimessenger Neutron Star Observations.

Silva, Hector O / Holgado, A Miguel / Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro / Yunes, Nicolás

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 126, Issue 18, Page(s) 181101

Abstract: The Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) recently measured the mass and equatorial radius of the isolated neutron star PSR J0030+0451. We use these measurements to infer the moment of inertia, the quadrupole moment, and the surface ... ...

Abstract	The Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) recently measured the mass and equatorial radius of the isolated neutron star PSR J0030+0451. We use these measurements to infer the moment of inertia, the quadrupole moment, and the surface eccentricity of an isolated neutron star for the first time, using relations between these quantities that are insensitive to the unknown equation of state of supranuclear matter. We also use these results to forecast the moment of inertia of neutron star A in the double pulsar binary J0737-3039, a quantity anticipated to be directly measured in the coming decade with radio observations. Combining this information with the measurement of the tidal Love number with LIGO/Virgo observations, we propose and implement the first theory-agnostic and equation-of-state-insensitive test of general relativity. Specializing these constraints to a particular modified theory, we find that consistency with general relativity places the most stringent constraint on gravitational parity violation to date, surpassing all other previously reported bounds by 7 orders of magnitude and opens the path for a future test of general relativity with multimessenger neutron star observations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.181101
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Book ; Online: Conflict externalization and the quest for peace: theory and case evidence from Colombia

Galindo Silva, Hector

(Vniversitas económica / Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Departamento de Economía ; vol. 18, no. 14 (octubre de 2018))

2018

Author's details	Hector Galindo Silva
Series title	Vniversitas económica / Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Departamento de Economía ; vol. 18, no. 14 (octubre de 2018)
Language	English
Size	1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article ; Online: Increase of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 co-expression in the deep cerebellar nuclei related to skilled reach learning.

Mao, Haian / Mediavilla, Tomás / Estévez-Silva, Héctor / Marcellino, Daniel / Sultan, Fahad

Brain research

2022 Volume 1782, Page(s) 147842

Abstract: Motor learning induces plasticity in multiple brain regions involving the cerebellum as a crucial player. Synaptic plasticity in the excitatory collaterals to the cerebellar output, the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), have recently been shown to be an ... ...

Abstract	Motor learning induces plasticity in multiple brain regions involving the cerebellum as a crucial player. Synaptic plasticity in the excitatory collaterals to the cerebellar output, the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), have recently been shown to be an important part of motor learning. These synapses are composed of climbing fiber (CF) and mossy fiber synapses, with the former conveying unconditioned and the latter conditioned responses in classical conditioning paradigms. The CF synapse on to the cerebellar cortex and the DCN express vesicular transporter 2 (vGluT2), whereas mossy fibers express vGluT1 and /or vGluT2 in their terminals. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of vGluT expression in the DCN remains unknown. Here we confirm the increase of vGluT2 in a specific part of the DCN during the acquisition of a skilled reaching task in mice. Furthermore, our findings show that this is due to an increase in co-expression of vGluT2 in vGluT1 presynapses instead of the formation of new vGluT2 synapses. Our data indicate that remodeling of synapses - in contrast to synaptogenesis - also plays an important role in motor learning and may explain the presence of both vGluT's in some mossy fiber synapses.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cerebellar Cortex/metabolism ; Cerebellar Nuclei/metabolism ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Learning ; Mice ; Synapses/metabolism ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Slc17a6 protein, mouse ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1200-2
ISSN	1872-6240 ; 0006-8993
ISSN (online)	1872-6240
ISSN	0006-8993
DOI	10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147842
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Article ; Online: Cross-cultural perspectives on patient expectations in cosmetic dermatology: A comparative analysis across countries and ethnicities.

Haykal, Diala / Treacy, Patrick / Lim, Tingsong / Clatici, Victor Gabriel / Fakih-Gomez, Nabil / Leal-Silva, Hector / du Crest, Dominique / Cartier, Hugues

Journal of cosmetic dermatology

2023 Volume 22, Issue 12, Page(s) 3237–3240

Abstract: Patient expectations in cosmetic dermatology exhibit significant variations across countries, cultures, and ethnicities, thereby reflecting individual desires, concerns, and goals. While some individuals seek aesthetic enhancements, others prioritize ... ...

Abstract	Patient expectations in cosmetic dermatology exhibit significant variations across countries, cultures, and ethnicities, thereby reflecting individual desires, concerns, and goals. While some individuals seek aesthetic enhancements, others prioritize addressing specific skin conditions within the context of beauty norms in their respective countries. The provision of personalized and culturally sensitive care plays a crucial role in meeting these diverse expectations. Skin characteristics and concerns differ among ethnicities, influencing treatment preferences. For instance, individuals with darker skin tones may prioritize the treatment of pigmentation disorders, whereas those with lighter skin tones may focus on achieving a fair complexion. Furthermore, differences in facial anatomy among various ethnicities necessitate tailored treatment approaches. This commentary aims to contribute to the effective understanding and management of patient expectations, ultimately leading to satisfactory outcomes. Additional research and regional studies are required to further deepen our understanding of patient expectations in cosmetic dermatology and enable the delivery of improved and culturally appropriate care on a global scale.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dermatology ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Motivation ; Beauty ; Esthetics ; Cosmetic Techniques
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2280551-5
ISSN	1473-2165 ; 1473-2130
ISSN (online)	1473-2165
ISSN	1473-2130
DOI	10.1111/jocd.16023
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