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Book: Decolonisation, development and disease

Silva, Kalinga Tudor

a social history of malaria in Sri Lanka

(New perspectives in South Asian history ; 2)

2014

Author's details	Kalinga Tudor Silva
Series title	New perspectives in South Asian history ; 2
Collection
Keywords	Malaria / History / Sri Lanka ; Malaria / Social aspects / Sri Lanka
Language	English
Size	xviii, 249 p. : ill., maps, 23 cm
Publisher	Orient Blackswan
Publishing place	New Delhi
Publishing country	India
Document type	Book
Note	Includes bibliographical references (p. [225]-242) and index
HBZ-ID	HT018309945
ISBN	978-81-25054-29-0 ; 81-25054-29-4
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Article: Perception on the abortion laws in Sri Lanka: A community based study in the city of Colombo

Suranga, M S / Silva, K T / Senanayake, L

The Ceylon medical journal

2016 Volume 61, Issue 4, Page(s) 171–175

Abstract: Introduction: Abortion is legally permitted in Sri Lanka, only if it is performed to save the mother’s life. However, it is estimated that a large number of induced abortions take place in Sri Lanka. Knowledge and attitudes towards induced abortion in ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Abortion is legally permitted in Sri Lanka, only if it is performed to save the mother’s life. However, it is estimated that a large number of induced abortions take place in Sri Lanka. Knowledge and attitudes towards induced abortion in the society are key issues influencing the policy response towards changes in the law. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of adults towards induced abortion in Sri Lanka. Methods: Six Grama Niladhari Divisions (GNDs) and five to eight housing clusters from each GND were selected from Thimbirigasyaya Divisional Secretariat Division using multi stage stratified random sampling. Fifty households were systematically selected from each GND. An interview was scheduled among 743 residents aged between 19 to 49 years of age after receiving written informed consent. Results: Only 11% of the respondents knew the situations in which abortion was legal in Sri Lanka. Approximately one tenth of the respondents (11%) did not agree with the current law which allows an induced abortion only to save the life of the mother. However, a majority agreed to legalization of abortion for rape (65%), incest (55%) and pregnancies with lethal fetal abnormalities (53%). Less than one tenth of respondents agreed with legalisation of induced abortion for other reasons such as con-traceptive failure (6%), poor economic conditions (7%) and, on request (4%). Conclusions: Although the society rejects abortion on request majority are in favour of allowing abortions for rape, incest and fetuses with lethal abnormalities.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016--30
Publishing country	Sri Lanka
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	419365-9
ISSN	0009-0875
ISSN	0009-0875
DOI	10.4038/cmj.v61i4.8384
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Article: In vitro and in vivo effects of cadmium on cholinesterases in Nile tilapia fingerlings: implications for biomonitoring aquatic pollution.

Silva, K T U / Pathiratne, Asoka

Ecotoxicology (London, England)

2008 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) 725–731

Abstract: Effects of cadmium on in vitro and in vivo cholinesterase (ChE) activities of brain and muscle tissues of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings were evaluated, considering its potential use in biomonitoring tropical water pollution. Results show that in ... ...

Abstract	Effects of cadmium on in vitro and in vivo cholinesterase (ChE) activities of brain and muscle tissues of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings were evaluated, considering its potential use in biomonitoring tropical water pollution. Results show that in vitro ChE activities were depressed significantly by millimolar concentration ranges of Cd(2+). The IC50 values of Cd(2+) on in vitro ChE activity in brain and muscle tissues were 1.56 and 4.31 mM, respectively. Exposure of fish to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cd(2+) (5-30 microg l(-1)) for 28 days evoked only a transient inhibition (21-34%) of in vivo ChE activities. Prior exposure and co-exposure of fish to 15 microg l(-1) of Cd(2+) enhanced the extent of inhibition of ChE levels induced by the organophosphorous insecticide chlorpyrifos. As high concentrations of cadmium have the potential to depress ChE activities, monitoring of metal levels in water bodies with suspected high levels of metal inputs is necessary to accurately interpret the fish ChE inhibition data in relation to insecticide contaminations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/enzymology ; Cadmium/toxicity ; Cholinesterases/metabolism ; Cichlids/metabolism ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology ; Time Factors ; Water Pollutants/toxicity ; Water Pollution/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Water Pollutants ; Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Cholinesterases (EC 3.1.1.8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	34042-x
ISSN	1573-3017 ; 0963-9292
ISSN (online)	1573-3017
ISSN	0963-9292
DOI	10.1007/s10646-008-0221-1
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Article: "Public health" for whose benefit? Multiple discourses on malaria in Sri Lanka.

Silva, K T

Medical anthropology

1997 Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) 195–214

Abstract: The malaria control policies and programs that evolved in Sri Lanka from 1990 onward can be seen in the light of divergent discourses in relation to this "tropical disease" on the part of the ruling elites and scientific community, nationalist leaders, ... ...

Abstract	The malaria control policies and programs that evolved in Sri Lanka from 1990 onward can be seen in the light of divergent discourses in relation to this "tropical disease" on the part of the ruling elites and scientific community, nationalist leaders, leftist activists and the peasantry in general. The "public health" concerns in malaria control were mediated and to some extent undermined by the divergent interests represented by the ruling elites on the one hand and the peasantry on the other. This analysis helps to situate the origin and development of malaria control within a colonial context. It points to the need to decolonize malariology and malaria control policies and programs.
MeSH term(s)	Economics, Medical ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Malaria/economics ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Politics ; Public Health/economics ; Social Class ; Sri Lanka
Language	English
Publishing date	1997-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603228-x
ISSN	0145-9740
ISSN	0145-9740
DOI	10.1080/01459740.1997.9966137
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Article: Sugarcane varieties for bovine alimentation

Mac?do, G.A.R. / Silva, K.T. da

Informe Agropecuario - Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria de Minas Gerais (Brazil)

(Nov-Dec 2013) Volume v. 34, Issue (277), Page(s) p. 82–87

Keywords	SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM ; VARIETIES ; CATTLE ; ANIMAL NUTRITION ; SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM ; VARIA?TA? ; BOVIN ; NUTRITION ANIMALE ; SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM ; VARIEDADES ; GANADO BOVINO ; NUTRICIA?N ANIMAL ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6727 ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_8157 ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_1391 ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_27925
Language	Portuguese
Document type	Article
ISSN	0100-3364
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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Article: Malaria eradication as a legacy of colonial discourse: the case of Sri Lanka.

Silva, K T

Parassitologia

1994 Volume 36, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 149–163

Abstract: Analysis of the history of malaria control in British Ceylon reveals that, besides public health considerations, it was guided by the interests of the colonial powers to expand territory, justify colonial domination, protect the plantation industries and ...

Abstract	Analysis of the history of malaria control in British Ceylon reveals that, besides public health considerations, it was guided by the interests of the colonial powers to expand territory, justify colonial domination, protect the plantation industries and medicalize social misery. The implications of the latter considerations for the choice of a malaria eradication strategy are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Colonialism/history ; Disease Outbreaks/history ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Malaria/history ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Mosquito Control/history ; Sri Lanka ; United Kingdom/ethnology
Language	English
Publishing date	1994-08
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	412310-4
ISSN	0048-2951
ISSN	0048-2951
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Article: In vitro and in vivo effects of cadmium on cholinesterases in Nile tilapia fingerlings: implications for biomonitoring aquatic pollution

Silva, K. T. U / Pathiratne, Asoka

Ecotoxicology. 2008 Nov., v. 17, no. 8

2008

Abstract	Effects of cadmium on in vitro and in vivo cholinesterase (ChE) activities of brain and muscle tissues of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings were evaluated, considering its potential use in biomonitoring tropical water pollution. Results show that in vitro ChE activities were depressed significantly by millimolar concentration ranges of Cd²⁺. The IC₅₀ values of Cd²⁺ on in vitro ChE activity in brain and muscle tissues were 1.56 and 4.31 mM, respectively. Exposure of fish to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cd²⁺ (5-30 μg l⁻l) for 28 days evoked only a transient inhibition (21-34%) of in vivo ChE activities. Prior exposure and co-exposure of fish to 15 μg l⁻¹ of Cd²⁺ enhanced the extent of inhibition of ChE levels induced by the organophosphorous insecticide chlorpyrifos. As high concentrations of cadmium have the potential to depress ChE activities, monitoring of metal levels in water bodies with suspected high levels of metal inputs is necessary to accurately interpret the fish ChE inhibition data in relation to insecticide contaminations.
Keywords	Oreochromis niloticus ; brain ; cadmium ; chlorpyrifos ; fingerlings ; inhibitory concentration 50 ; muscle tissues ; surface water ; water pollution
Language	English
Dates of publication	2008-11
Size	p. 725-731.
Publisher	Springer US
Publishing place	Boston
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	34042-x
ISSN	1573-3017 ; 0963-9292
ISSN (online)	1573-3017
ISSN	0963-9292
DOI	10.1007/s10646-008-0221-1
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Article: Ayurveda, malaria and the indigenous herbal tradition in Sri Lanka.

Silva, K T

Social science & medicine (1982)

1991 Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 153–160

Abstract: Using key informants and available records, the way in which inhabitants of purana villages in Nuwarakalaviya, Sri Lanka coped with malaria during the pre-DDT era is examined. This study found that the Nuwarakalaviya peasants responded to endemic malaria ...

Abstract	Using key informants and available records, the way in which inhabitants of purana villages in Nuwarakalaviya, Sri Lanka coped with malaria during the pre-DDT era is examined. This study found that the Nuwarakalaviya peasants responded to endemic malaria through a localized herbal tradition, which was to some extent independent of the scholarly ayurveda system common to the whole of South Asia. The relevant herbal tradition, consisting of a combination of antiparasite and antivector strategies using locally available natural resources, represented an effective adaptation to the local ecosystem.
MeSH term(s)	Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Malaria/therapy ; Medicine, Ayurvedic ; Phytotherapy ; Sri Lanka
Language	English
Publishing date	1991
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0277-9536 ; 0037-7856
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0277-9536 ; 0037-7856
DOI	10.1016/0277-9536(91)90175-c
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Article: Keratinolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis AMR using human hair

Mazotto, A.M / Lage Cedrola, S.M / Lins, U / Rosado, A.S / Silva, K.T / Chaves, J.Q / Rabinovitch, L / Zingali, R.B / Vermelho, A.B

Letters in applied microbiology. 2010 Jan., v. 50, no. 1

2010

Abstract: To determine the ability of a novel Bacillus subtilis AMR isolated from poultry waste to hydrolyse human hair producing peptidases including keratinases and hair keratin peptides. The Bacillus subtilis AMR was identified using biochemical tests and by ... ...

Abstract	To determine the ability of a novel Bacillus subtilis AMR isolated from poultry waste to hydrolyse human hair producing peptidases including keratinases and hair keratin peptides. The Bacillus subtilis AMR was identified using biochemical tests and by analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. The isolate was grown in medium containing human hair as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The supplementation of hair medium (HM) with 0·01% yeast extract increased the keratinolytic activity 4·2-fold. B. subtilis AMR presented high keratinase production on the 8th day of fermentation in hair medium (HM) supplemented with 0·01% yeast extract (HMY) at pH 8·0. Keratinase yield was not correlated with increase in biomass. Zymography showed keratin-degrading peptidases migrating at c. 54, 80 and 100 kDa and gelatin-degrading bands at c. 80, 70 63, 54 32 and 15 kDa. Keratinases were optimally active at 50°C and pH 9·0 and was fully inhibited by the serine proteinase inhibitor (PMSF). Scanning electron microscopy showed complete degradation of the hair cuticle after exposure to B. subtilis AMR grown in HMY. MALDI-TOF analysis of culture supernatant containing peptides produced during enzymatic hydrolysis of hair by B. subtilis AMR revealed fragments in a range of 800-2600 Da. This study showed that B. subtilis AMR was able to hydrolyse human hair producing serine peptidases with keratinase and gelatinase activity as well as hair keratin peptides. This is the first report describing the production and partial characterization of keratinases by a B. subtilis strain grown in a medium containing human hair. These data suggest that peptides obtained from enzymatic hair hydrolysis may be useful for future applications on pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.
Keywords	Bacillus subtilis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-01
Size	p. 89-96.
Publisher	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Publishing place	Oxford, UK
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	632584-1
ISSN	1472-765X ; 0266-8254
ISSN (online)	1472-765X
ISSN	0266-8254
DOI	10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02760.x
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Article: Trypanosoma cruzi: the role of PGE2 in immune response during the acute phase of experimental infection.

Abdalla, G K / Faria, G E L / Silva, K T / Castro, E C C / Reis, M A / Michelin, M A

Experimental parasitology

2008 Volume 118, Issue 4, Page(s) 514–521

Abstract: Chagas disease is characterized by cardiac lesions and a high level of PGE2. Our objective was to investigate the role of PGE2 in cardiac lesions. BALB/c mice were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (1x10(3) trypomastigote forms) and were treated daily with ...

Abstract	Chagas disease is characterized by cardiac lesions and a high level of PGE2. Our objective was to investigate the role of PGE2 in cardiac lesions. BALB/c mice were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (1x10(3) trypomastigote forms) and were treated daily with PBS, meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) or etoricoxib (0.6 mg/kg). The animals were sacrificed on the 21st day of infection and we collected the cardiac tissue and spleen cells for tissue culture. We observed that treatment with COX-2 inhibitors was able to decrease synthesis of PGE2 by spleen cells. This reduction was accompanied by reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate, parasite nets, cardiac fibrosis and fewer COX-2 positive cells in cardiac tissue obtained from these animals. In conclusion, treatment with COX-2 inhibitors, and consequent inhibition of PGE2 synthesis, was able to reduce the cardiac damage observed during the acute phase of experimental Chagas disease, thus demonstrating the involvement of this mediator in the cardiac lesion.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chagas Disease/drug therapy ; Chagas Disease/immunology ; Chagas Disease/pathology ; Cyclooxygenase 1/analysis ; Cyclooxygenase 2/analysis ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Dinoprostone/biosynthesis ; Dinoprostone/physiology ; Fibrosis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Myocardium/pathology ; Parasitemia/drug therapy ; Parasitemia/parasitology ; Prostaglandins/analysis ; Pyridines/therapeutic use ; Spleen/chemistry ; Spleen/cytology ; Sulfones/therapeutic use ; Thiazines/therapeutic use ; Thiazoles/therapeutic use ; Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology
Chemical Substances	Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; Prostaglandins ; Pyridines ; Sulfones ; Thiazines ; Thiazoles ; Cyclooxygenase 1 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Dinoprostone (K7Q1JQR04M) ; meloxicam (VG2QF83CGL) ; etoricoxib (WRX4NFY03R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391089-1
ISSN	1090-2449 ; 0014-4894
ISSN (online)	1090-2449
ISSN	0014-4894
DOI	10.1016/j.exppara.2007.11.003
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