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Article ; Online: Sampling local ant diversities and the importance of trait analyses

Probst, Rodolfo S. / Silva, Rogério R. / Brandão, Carlos R. F.

Biotropica. 2023 Sept., v. 55, no. 5 p.944-953

2023

Abstract: Ants are an incredibly diverse and ubiquitous group of invertebrates in most terrestrial ecosystems. Although extensively sampled, the majority of ant inventories do not evaluate the effect of different sampling techniques in capturing nontraditional ... ...

Abstract	Ants are an incredibly diverse and ubiquitous group of invertebrates in most terrestrial ecosystems. Although extensively sampled, the majority of ant inventories do not evaluate the effect of different sampling techniques in capturing nontraditional metrics of diversity. We aimed to quantify TD (taxonomic) and FD (functional) diversities for a local ant assemblage by integrating metrics and evaluating complementarity of pitfall traps and Winkler extractors for the leaf litter versus epigeic ant faunas and to determine the effect of sampling techniques on functional composition (community‐weighted means of 11 morphological traits) and functional diversity (multi‐trait morphospace measured with three different metrics). We sampled the local community in an Atlantic Forest fragment using week‐long pitfall traps and 1m² leaf litter samples submitted to Winkler extractors and quantified the contribution on the technique to uniquely capture the ant morphospace by applying a new index (PWindex). Although ant TD overlapped, FD was significantly affected by the sampling technique. By controlling for TD effects, the community collected by each technique was differentially structured. Higher TD did not translate into wider morphospace for Winklers. Pitfalls recovered more functionally overdispersed assemblages. Pitfalls and Winklers overlapped in the sampling of the overall community, but each sampling method contributed with a unique spectrum to the ant morphospace. Our results suggest the importance of incorporating FD metrics in local ant inventories and the importance of sampling techniques when measuring the magnitude of FD and community structure. Our PWindex further illuminates sampling effects for ant assemblages. Abstract in Portuguese & Spanish is available with online material.
Keywords	community structure ; functional diversity ; habitat fragmentation ; plant litter
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-09
Size	p. 944-953.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2052061-X
ISSN	1744-7429 ; 0006-3606
ISSN (online)	1744-7429
ISSN	0006-3606
DOI	10.1111/btp.13244
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Induced drought strongly affects richness and composition of ground-dwelling ants in the eastern Amazon.

Almeida, Rony P S / Silva, Rogério R / da Costa, Antonio C Lôla / Ferreira, Leandro V / Meir, Patrick / Ellison, Aaron M

Oecologia

2023 Volume 201, Issue 2, Page(s) 299–309

Abstract: Species loss in tropical regions is forecast to occur under environmental change scenarios of low precipitation. One of the main questions is how drought will affect invertebrates, a key group for ecosystem functioning. We use 1 year of data from a long- ... ...

Abstract	Species loss in tropical regions is forecast to occur under environmental change scenarios of low precipitation. One of the main questions is how drought will affect invertebrates, a key group for ecosystem functioning. We use 1 year of data from a long-term rainwater exclusion experiment in primary Amazonian rainforest to test whether induced water stress and covarying changes in soil moisture, soil respiration, and tree species richness, diversity, size, and total biomass affected species richness and composition (relative abundance) of ground-dwelling ants. Data on ant abundance and environmental variables were collected at two sites (control and experimental) in the Eastern Amazon. Since 2002, drought has been induced in the experimental plot by excluding 50% of normal rainfall. Ant species richness in the experiment plot was reduced and some generalist species responded positively. Ant species richness also increased in the experimental plot with increasing diversity of the plant species of the leaf litter. The relative abundance of ants differed between plots. The experimental plot was characterized by a higher frequency of generalist and other species that appeared to be favored by the reduction in rainfall. Between-plot comparisons suggested loss and changes in ant species composition in tropical forests were affected by increasing dryness. These changes could ultimately lead to cascading effects on ecosystem processes and the services they mediate.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ecosystem ; Ants ; Droughts ; Forests ; Soil
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-16
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-023-05316-x
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Article ; Online: Induced drought strongly affects richness and composition of ground-dwelling ants in the eastern Amazon

Almeida, Rony P. S. / Silva, Rogério R. / da Costa, Antonio C. Lôla / Ferreira, Leandro V. / Meir, Patrick / Ellison, Aaron M.

Oecologia. 2023 Feb., v. 201, no. 2 p.299-309

2023

Abstract	Species loss in tropical regions is forecast to occur under environmental change scenarios of low precipitation. One of the main questions is how drought will affect invertebrates, a key group for ecosystem functioning. We use 1 year of data from a long-term rainwater exclusion experiment in primary Amazonian rainforest to test whether induced water stress and covarying changes in soil moisture, soil respiration, and tree species richness, diversity, size, and total biomass affected species richness and composition (relative abundance) of ground-dwelling ants. Data on ant abundance and environmental variables were collected at two sites (control and experimental) in the Eastern Amazon. Since 2002, drought has been induced in the experimental plot by excluding 50% of normal rainfall. Ant species richness in the experiment plot was reduced and some generalist species responded positively. Ant species richness also increased in the experimental plot with increasing diversity of the plant species of the leaf litter. The relative abundance of ants differed between plots. The experimental plot was characterized by a higher frequency of generalist and other species that appeared to be favored by the reduction in rainfall. Between-plot comparisons suggested loss and changes in ant species composition in tropical forests were affected by increasing dryness. These changes could ultimately lead to cascading effects on ecosystem processes and the services they mediate.
Keywords	biomass ; drought ; ecosystems ; plant litter ; rain ; rain forests ; soil respiration ; soil water ; species richness ; trees ; water stress ; Amazonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Size	p. 299-309.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-023-05316-x
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The role of morphological traits in predicting the functional ecology of arboreal and ground ants in the Cerrado–Amazon transition

Almeida, Rony P. S. / Teresa, Fabrício B. / Camarota, Flávio / Izzo, Thiago Junqueira / Silva, Rogério R. / Andrade-Silva, Joudellys / de Arruda, Filipe Viegas

Oecologia. 2023 Jan., v. 201, no. 1 p.199-212

2023

Abstract: There is often a vertical stratification of the vegetation in tropical forests, where each forest stratum has a unique set of environmental conditions, including marked differences in habitat heterogeneity, physical complexity, and microclimate. ... ...

Abstract	There is often a vertical stratification of the vegetation in tropical forests, where each forest stratum has a unique set of environmental conditions, including marked differences in habitat heterogeneity, physical complexity, and microclimate. Additionally, many tropical forests are highly seasonal, and we need to consider the temporal variation in environmental conditions when assessing the functional aspects of their organisms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that vertical stratification and seasonality shape tropical ants’ functional ecology and that there are differences in the functional trait diversity and composition between arboreal and ground-dwelling ant communities. We collected ants in the arboreal and ground strata in the rainy and dry seasons in six different areas, measuring seven morphological traits to characterize their functional ecology and diversity. Irrespective of the season, we found a distinct functional composition between arboreal and ground-dwelling ants and a higher functional richness on the ground. However, ground ants were more functionally redundant than arboreal ants. The differences in functional richness and redundancy between ant inhabiting strata and season could also be observed in the community-weighted mean traits: arboreal and ground ant traits can be distinguished in Weber’s length, mandible length, eye length, and eye position on the head capsule. The differences in these functional traits are mainly related to the ants’ feeding habits and the complexity of their foraging substrates. Overall, by providing the first systematic comparison of continuous traits between arboreal and ground-dwelling ants, our study opens new investigation paths, indicating important axes of functional diversification of tropical ants.
Keywords	eyes ; forests ; habitats ; head ; microclimate ; temporal variation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 199-212.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-022-05304-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Patterns and drivers of leaf‐litter ant diversity along a tropical elevational gradient in Mexico

Pérez‐Toledo, Gibrán Renoy / Valenzuela‐González, Jorge E. / Moreno, Claudia E. / Villalobos, Fabricio / Silva, Rogerio R.

Journal of biogeography. 2021 Oct., v. 48, no. 10

2021

Abstract: AIM: Given their high environmental variation over relatively short distances, mountains represent ideal systems for evaluating potential factors shaping diversity gradients. Despite a long‐standing interest in ecological gradients, ant diversity ... ...

Abstract	AIM: Given their high environmental variation over relatively short distances, mountains represent ideal systems for evaluating potential factors shaping diversity gradients. Despite a long‐standing interest in ecological gradients, ant diversity patterns and their related mechanisms occurring on mountains are still not well understood. Here, we (i) describe species diversity patterns (α and β) of leaf‐litter ants along the eastern slope of Cofre de Perote in Veracruz, Mexico; and (ii) evaluate climatic and spatial factors in determining these patterns. LOCATION: Veracruz, Mexico. TAXON: Leaf‐litter ants. METHODS: We sampled 320 m² of leaf litter spread across eight equally spaced sites from sea level to 3500 m of elevation. We used regression models to predict α‐diversity patterns with climatic (temperature and precipitation) and spatial (geometric constraints) variables. We also assessed, through multiple regression based on distance matrices (MRM), the relative importance of habitat filtering and dispersal limitations for shaping total dissimilarity (βsor), turnover (βsim) and nestedness (βnes). RESULTS: A hump‐shaped pattern was observed in the α‐diversity. This pattern is best explained by the temperature gradient. β‐diversity showed a nonlinear pattern along the elevational gradient with total dissimilarity and turnover components better explained by habitat filtering (i.e. temperature distances). Turnover had higher contribution to total dissimilarity rather than the nestedness component. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: The significance effect of temperature on both α‐ and β‐diversity patterns reinforces its widespread importance in shaping litter ant diversity patterns across elevational gradients. The hump‐shaped pattern in species richness is probably the result of harsh abiotic conditions at the base and the top of the mountain combined with biotic attrition in lowland sites. The niche specialization of ant species in their optimal thermal zones may explain total dissimilarity and ant species replacement along the studied gradient. Taken all together, these results suggest a high relevance of temperature‐driven mechanisms in the origin and maintenance of the biodiversity of such insects and probably another ectothermic taxa.
Keywords	biogeography ; ectothermy ; environmental factors ; geometry ; habitats ; nestedness ; plant litter ; regression analysis ; sea level ; species richness ; temperature ; topographic slope ; Mexico
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Size	p. 2512-2523.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	188963-1
ISSN	0305-0270
ISSN	0305-0270
DOI	10.1111/jbi.14217
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Alpha and beta phylogenetic diversities jointly reveal ant community assembly mechanisms along a tropical elevational gradient.

Pérez-Toledo, Gibran Renoy / Villalobos, Fabricio / Silva, Rogerio R / Moreno, Claudia E / Pie, Marcio R / Valenzuela-González, Jorge E

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 7728

Abstract: Despite the long-standing interest in the organization of ant communities across elevational gradients, few studies have incorporated the evolutionary information to understand the historical processes that underlay such patterns. Through the evaluation ... ...

Abstract	Despite the long-standing interest in the organization of ant communities across elevational gradients, few studies have incorporated the evolutionary information to understand the historical processes that underlay such patterns. Through the evaluation of phylogenetic α and β-diversity, we analyzed the structure of leaf-litter ant communities along the Cofre de Perote mountain in Mexico and evaluated whether deterministic- (i.e., habitat filtering, interspecific competition) or stochastic-driven processes (i.e., dispersal limitation) were driving the observed patterns. Lowland and some highland sites showed phylogenetic clustering, whereas intermediate elevations and the highest site presented phylogenetic overdispersion. We infer that strong environmental constraints found at the bottom and the top elevations are favoring closely-related species to prevail at those elevations. Conversely, less stressful climatic conditions at intermediate elevations suggest interspecific interactions are more important in these environments. Total phylogenetic dissimilarity was driven by the turnover component, indicating that the turnover of ant species along the mountain is actually shifts of lineages adapted to particular locations resembling their ancestral niche. The greater phylogenetic dissimilarity between communities was related to greater temperature differences probably due to narrow thermal tolerances inherent to several ant lineages that evolved in more stable conditions. Our results suggest that the interplay between environmental filtering, interspecific competition and habitat specialization plays an important role in the assembly of leaf-litter ant communities along elevational gradients.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ants ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Mexico ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-11739-y
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Article: A large‐scale assessment of ant diversity across the Brazilian Amazon Basin: integrating geographic, ecological and morphological drivers of sampling bias

Andrade‐Silva, Joudellys / Baccaro, Fabrício B. / Prado, Lívia P. / Guénard, Benoit / Warren, Dan L. / Kass, Jamie M. / Economo, Evan P. / Silva, Rogério R.

Ecography. 2022 Sept., v. 2022, no. 9

2022

Abstract: Tropical ecosystems are often biodiversity hotspots, and invertebrates represent the main underrepresented component of diversity in large‐scale analyses. This problem is partly related to the scarcity of data widely available to conduct these studies ... ...

Abstract	Tropical ecosystems are often biodiversity hotspots, and invertebrates represent the main underrepresented component of diversity in large‐scale analyses. This problem is partly related to the scarcity of data widely available to conduct these studies and the lack of systematic organization of knowledge about invertebrates' distributions in biodiversity hotspots. Here, we introduce and analyze a comprehensive data compilation of Amazonian ant diversity. Using records from 1817 to 2020 from both published and unpublished sources, we describe the diversity and distribution of ant species in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Further, using high‐definition images and data from taxonomic publications, we build a comprehensive database of morphological traits for the ant species that occur in the region. In total, we recorded 1067 nominal species in the Brazilian Amazon Basin, with sampling locations strongly biased by access routes, urban centers, research institutions and major infrastructure projects. Large areas where ant sampling is non‐existent represent about 52% of the basin and are concentrated mainly in the northern, southeastern and western Brazilian Amazon. We found that distance to roads is the main driver of ant sampling in the Amazon. Contrary to our expectations, morphological traits had lower predictive power in predicting sampling bias than purely geographic variables. However, when geographic predictors were controlled, habitat stratum and traits contribute to explain the remaining variance. More species were recorded in better‐sampled areas, but species richness estimation models suggest that areas in southern Amazonian edge forests are associated with especially high species richness. Our results represent the first trait‐based, large‐scale study for insects in Amazonian forests and a starting point for macroecological studies focusing on insect diversity in the Amazon Basin.
Keywords	basins ; databases ; habitats ; infrastructure ; insects ; species richness ; variance ; Amazonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1112659-0
ISSN	0906-7590
ISSN	0906-7590
DOI	10.1111/ecog.06295
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Forest cover modulates diversity and morphological traits of ants in highly fragmented tropical forest landscapes

Ahuatzin, Diana A. / González-Tokman, Daniel / Silva, Rogério R. / González, Jorge E. Valenzuela / Escobar, Federico / Ribeiro, Milton Cezar / Acosta, Juan Carlos López / Dáttilo, Wesley

Biodiversity and conservation. 2022 July, v. 31, no. 8-9

2022

Abstract: Landscape changes in tropical environments result in long-lasting and complex changes in biodiversity that involve several biological responses (e.g., loss of species diversity and functional diversity). Both taxonomic and functional diversity might ... ...

Abstract	Landscape changes in tropical environments result in long-lasting and complex changes in biodiversity that involve several biological responses (e.g., loss of species diversity and functional diversity). Both taxonomic and functional diversity might respond differently to land-use change, and this response might also vary depending on several factors, such as the taxonomic group or landscape context. Even though each level of diversity expresses different properties of the community structure, studies characterizing the species community in human-dominated landscapes have often only focused on patterns involving taxonomic diversity. Here, we evaluated different descriptors of taxonomic (i.e., richness, diversity, and dominance) and functional entropy (i.e., richness, diversity, and redundancy) and the taxonomic and functional composition of ants in a forest cover gradient (%) in 16 highly fragmented tropical humid forest landscapes in Mexico. We found that all descriptors of taxonomic diversity decreased along a gradient of forest loss. Furthermore, functional redundancy was the only component of functional diversity that was positively associated with forest cover (%). These findings suggest an ecological backup of functions provided by species in landscapes with higher forest cover, protecting these landscapes against habitat disturbance or species loss. We also observed that landscapes with larger forest cover were inhabited by ant species with larger interocular distances and smaller femurs, which could allow predator ants the exploitation of ground cracks and higher mobility in leaf-litter microhabitats. Our results highlight the importance of the primary forest as a reservoir of the taxonomic and functional diversity of ants in highly fragmented tropical rainforest landscapes.
Keywords	community structure ; entropy ; functional diversity ; habitat destruction ; land use change ; landscapes ; species diversity ; tropical rain forests ; Mexico
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Size	p. 2097-2117.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2000787-5
ISSN	1572-9710 ; 0960-3115
ISSN (online)	1572-9710
ISSN	0960-3115
DOI	10.1007/s10531-022-02428-3
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Article: The potential of arboreal pitfall traps for sampling nontargeted bee and wasp pollinators

de Arruda, Filipe Viegas / Camarota, Flávio / Silva, Rogério R. / Izzo, Thiago Junqueira / Bergamini, Leonardo Lima / Almeida, Rony Peterson Santos

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata. 2022 Oct., v. 170, no. 10

2022

Abstract: Insect pollinators, including bees and wasps, are facing a marked decline in their native populations, caused mainly by human activities, such as forest fragmentation, urbanization, and the use of agrochemicals. To help mitigate the rapid decline of ... ...

Abstract	Insect pollinators, including bees and wasps, are facing a marked decline in their native populations, caused mainly by human activities, such as forest fragmentation, urbanization, and the use of agrochemicals. To help mitigate the rapid decline of pollinators, new efforts towards understanding basic and applied aspects of these organisms are necessary. Among these efforts, there is a focus on increasing the sampling efficiency, including a broader range of targeted groups and collection methods. Although each method has its advantages and disadvantages, the pollinators' crisis calls for alternative methods to analyze bee and wasp diversity and population dynamics. Here, we assess the potential role of incidental captures of bees and wasps by a method widely used to collect ants but not targeted for bees: arboreal pitfall traps. We compared the sampling efficiency of human urine‐baited arboreal pitfall traps and two traditional methods for bee sampling: pan traps and scent traps. Arboreal pitfalls collected a high diversity of bees and sphecoid wasps, and when compared with pan traps and scent traps, they had the highest species richness and the second‐highest abundance. Although the three trapping methods shared most species, each method collected particular groups of species, and there were indicator species for each trapping method. When used in pairs with pan traps, arboreal pitfalls collected a higher species diversity than pan traps paired with scent traps. In addition, each trapping method responded differently to seasonal variation, and although arboreal pitfalls had lower diversity during the rainy season, scent traps detected differences only in species abundance, and pan traps detected no differences at all. Our study reinforces the importance of complementary methods in sampling bees and wasps and the use of non‐traditional methods to increase the sampling coverage of these insects.
Keywords	agrochemicals ; bees ; habitat fragmentation ; humans ; indicator species ; odors ; population dynamics ; seasonal variation ; species abundance ; species richness ; urbanization ; wasps ; wet season
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-10
Size	p. 902-913.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	216272-6
ISSN	0013-8703
ISSN	0013-8703
DOI	10.1111/eea.13218
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Co‐occurrence patterns and morphological similarity of semiaquatic insects (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha) in streams of Eastern Amazonia

Guterres, Alana P.M / Cunha, Erlane J / Godoy, Bruno S / Silva, Rogério R / Juen, Leandro

Ecological entomology. 2020 Feb., v. 45, no. 1

2020

Abstract: 1. To understand how the semiaquatic bug communities are shaped, it was first verified whether there was a pattern of co‐occurrence between species. It was subsequently tested whether the pattern found was related to environmental variables. Lastly, it ... ...

Abstract	1. To understand how the semiaquatic bug communities are shaped, it was first verified whether there was a pattern of co‐occurrence between species. It was subsequently tested whether the pattern found was related to environmental variables. Lastly, it was verified whether morphological divergence between species was present in the morphological and functional traits selected. 2. A pattern of species co‐occurrence was found in the studied assemblage, related to both environmental variables and interspecific biological interactions. Pairs of species with negative, positive, and random co‐occurrence were found. Traits related to predation competition, sexual competition, and interaction with the environment showed significant morphological divergence. 3. Therefore, more than one process defines species co‐occurrence patterns in semiaquatic bug communities. It is suggested that environmental influence is related to species microhabitat preference. On the other hand, the morphological divergence found is related to competition and sharing of food resources.
Keywords	Hemiptera ; entomology ; microhabitats ; predation ; Amazonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-02
Size	p. 155-166.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	196048-9
ISSN	0307-6946
ISSN	0307-6946
DOI	10.1111/een.12785
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