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Article ; Online: Harmful Effects of Pyraclostrobin on the Fat Body and Pericardial Cells of Foragers of Africanized Honey Bee.

Inoue, Lais V B / Domingues, Caio E C / Gregorc, Aleš / Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C M / Malaspina, Osmar

2022 Volume 10, Issue 9

Abstract: Managed honey bees are daily exposed in agricultural settings or wild environments to multiple stressors. Currently, fungicide residues are increasingly present in bees' pollen and nectar and can harm colonies' production and survival. Therefore, our ... ...

Abstract	Managed honey bees are daily exposed in agricultural settings or wild environments to multiple stressors. Currently, fungicide residues are increasingly present in bees' pollen and nectar and can harm colonies' production and survival. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effects of the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the fat body and pericardial cells of Africanized honey bees. The foragers were divided into three experimental treatment groups and two controls: pyraclostrobin 0.125 ng/µL (FG1), 0.025 ng/µL (FG2), 0.005 ng/µL (FG3), untreated control (CTL), and acetone control (CAC). After five days of oral exposure (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2733883-6
ISSN	2305-6304 ; 2305-6304
ISSN (online)	2305-6304
ISSN	2305-6304
DOI	10.3390/toxics10090530
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Are native bees in Brazil at risk from the exposure to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid?

Conceição de Assis, Josimere / Tadei, Rafaela / Menezes-Oliveira, Vanessa B / Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C M

Environmental research

2022 Volume 212, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 113127

Abstract: All across the world, different countries use Ecological risk assessments (ERA) of pesticides to pollinators as a regulatory tool to understand the safety of pesticide use in agriculture. However, pesticide application is still recognized as one of the ... ...

Abstract	All across the world, different countries use Ecological risk assessments (ERA) of pesticides to pollinators as a regulatory tool to understand the safety of pesticide use in agriculture. However, pesticide application is still recognized as one of the main stress factors causing a decline in the global population of bees. In all ERA procedures, the effects of pesticides on the honey bee species Apis mellifera are used as a reference for the effects on all different bee species. To evaluate if tropical native bees are protected by the current risk assessment procedures and to propose improvements to the methods, we assessed the ecological risk of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid posed to native and exotic bee species. The risk was assessed through a low (TIER I) and an intermediate (TIER II) level of analysis. For TIER I the USEPA BeeREX model was used and for TIER II the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) approach was adopted. For the imidacloprid exposure conditions, four different crops were taken into consideration; bean, passion fruit, sunflower and tomato. The imidacloprid risk on native species was assessed both by extrapolating the effects obtained to Apis species, and by using ecotoxicological data from tests performed with native species. In TIER I, the risks calculated through empirical data showed that more than 50% of the non-Apis species presented risk levels of 28-180% higher than those obtained with the extrapolation factor used in the Brazilian pesticide regulation. In TIER II, the SSDs showed that most of the native bees are more sensitive to imidacloprid than the Africanized A. mellifera. This is the first study in which an ERA of a pesticide was conducted on tropical bee species. Here we also present some gaps and perspectives for future studies aiming to improve the risk assessment of pesticides in terrestrial environments.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bees ; Brazil ; Insecticides/analysis ; Insecticides/toxicity ; Neonicotinoids/toxicity ; Nitro Compounds/toxicity ; Pesticides/analysis
Chemical Substances	Insecticides ; Neonicotinoids ; Nitro Compounds ; Pesticides ; imidacloprid (3BN7M937V8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.113127
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Article: Are native bees in Brazil at risk from the exposure to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid?

Conceição de Assis, Josimere / Tadei, Rafaela / Menezes-Oliveira, Vanessa B. / Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C.M.

Environmental research. 2022 Sept., v. 212

2022

Abstract	All across the world, different countries use Ecological risk assessments (ERA) of pesticides to pollinators as a regulatory tool to understand the safety of pesticide use in agriculture. However, pesticide application is still recognized as one of the main stress factors causing a decline in the global population of bees. In all ERA procedures, the effects of pesticides on the honey bee species Apis mellifera are used as a reference for the effects on all different bee species. To evaluate if tropical native bees are protected by the current risk assessment procedures and to propose improvements to the methods, we assessed the ecological risk of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid posed to native and exotic bee species. The risk was assessed through a low (TIER I) and an intermediate (TIER II) level of analysis. For TIER I the USEPA BeeREX model was used and for TIER II the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) approach was adopted. For the imidacloprid exposure conditions, four different crops were taken into consideration; bean, passion fruit, sunflower and tomato. The imidacloprid risk on native species was assessed both by extrapolating the effects obtained to Apis species, and by using ecotoxicological data from tests performed with native species. In TIER I, the risks calculated through empirical data showed that more than 50% of the non-Apis species presented risk levels of 28–180% higher than those obtained with the extrapolation factor used in the Brazilian pesticide regulation. In TIER II, the SSDs showed that most of the native bees are more sensitive to imidacloprid than the Africanized A. mellifera. This is the first study in which an ERA of a pesticide was conducted on tropical bee species. Here we also present some gaps and perspectives for future studies aiming to improve the risk assessment of pesticides in terrestrial environments.
Keywords	Apis mellifera ; Helianthus annuus ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; beans ; ecotoxicology ; honey bees ; imidacloprid ; indigenous species ; models ; passion fruits ; pesticide application ; pesticide law ; research ; risk ; risk assessment ; tomatoes ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.113127
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Article ; Online: Silent effect of the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the larval exposure of the non-target organism Africanized Apis mellifera and its interaction with the pathogen Nosema ceranae in adulthood.

Tadei, Rafaela / Menezes-Oliveira, Vanessa B / Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C M

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2020 Volume 267, Page(s) 115622

Abstract: The frequent exposure of bees to a wide variety of fungicides, on crops where they forage, can be considered a stressor factor for these pollinators. The organisms are exposed both to the fungicide active ingredients and to the adjuvants of commercial ... ...

Abstract	The frequent exposure of bees to a wide variety of fungicides, on crops where they forage, can be considered a stressor factor for these pollinators. The organisms are exposed both to the fungicide active ingredients and to the adjuvants of commercial formulations. All these ingredients are brought to the hive by bee foragers through contaminated pollen and nectar, thus exposing also immature individuals during larval phase. This work aimed to compare the effects of larval exposure to the fungicide pyraclostrobin (active ingredient and commercial formulation) and its influence on the cytotoxicity to midguts in adults, which were inoculated with the Nosema ceranae spores in the post-emergence stage. Under laboratory conditions, Apis mellifera larvae received an artificial diet containing fungicide solution from the third to the sixth day of the feeding phase. One-day-old adult workers ingested 100,000 infectious N. ceranae spores mixed in sucrose solution. Effects on midgut were evaluated through cellular biomarkers of stress and cell death. The exposure to the fungicide (active ingredient and commercial formulation) did not affect the larval post-embryonic development and survival of adult bees. However, this exposure induced cytotoxicity in the cells of the midgut, showed by the increase in DNA fragmentation and alteration in the HSP70 immunolabeling pattern. Without the pathogen, the midgut cytotoxic effects and HSP70 immunolabeling of the organisms exposed to the commercial formulation were lower when compared to the exposure to its active ingredient. However, in the presence of the pathogen, the cytotoxic effects of the commercial formulation to the adult bees' midgut were potentialized. The pathogen N. ceranae increased the damage to the intestinal epithelium of adult bees. Thus, realistic doses of pyraclostrobin present in beebread consumed by larvae can affect the health and induce physiological implications to the midgut functions of the adult bees.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Bees ; Female ; Fungicides, Industrial/toxicity ; Humans ; Larva ; Nosema ; Pregnancy ; Strobilurins/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Fungicides, Industrial ; Strobilurins ; pyrachlostrobin (DJW8M9OX1H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115622
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Article: Silent effect of the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the larval exposure of the non-target organism Africanized Apis mellifera and its interaction with the pathogen Nosema ceranae in adulthood

Tadei, Rafaela / Menezes-Oliveira, Vanessa B / Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C.M

Environmental pollution. 2020 Dec., v. 267

2020

Abstract	The frequent exposure of bees to a wide variety of fungicides, on crops where they forage, can be considered a stressor factor for these pollinators. The organisms are exposed both to the fungicide active ingredients and to the adjuvants of commercial formulations. All these ingredients are brought to the hive by bee foragers through contaminated pollen and nectar, thus exposing also immature individuals during larval phase. This work aimed to compare the effects of larval exposure to the fungicide pyraclostrobin (active ingredient and commercial formulation) and its influence on the cytotoxicity to midguts in adults, which were inoculated with the Nosema ceranae spores in the post-emergence stage. Under laboratory conditions, Apis mellifera larvae received an artificial diet containing fungicide solution from the third to the sixth day of the feeding phase. One-day-old adult workers ingested 100,000 infectious N. ceranae spores mixed in sucrose solution. Effects on midgut were evaluated through cellular biomarkers of stress and cell death. The exposure to the fungicide (active ingredient and commercial formulation) did not affect the larval post-embryonic development and survival of adult bees. However, this exposure induced cytotoxicity in the cells of the midgut, showed by the increase in DNA fragmentation and alteration in the HSP70 immunolabeling pattern. Without the pathogen, the midgut cytotoxic effects and HSP70 immunolabeling of the organisms exposed to the commercial formulation were lower when compared to the exposure to its active ingredient. However, in the presence of the pathogen, the cytotoxic effects of the commercial formulation to the adult bees’ midgut were potentialized. The pathogen N. ceranae increased the damage to the intestinal epithelium of adult bees. Thus, realistic doses of pyraclostrobin present in beebread consumed by larvae can affect the health and induce physiological implications to the midgut functions of the adult bees.
Keywords	Apis mellifera ; DNA fragmentation ; Nosema ceranae ; active ingredients ; adulthood ; artificial diets ; biomarkers ; cell death ; cytotoxicity ; intestinal mucosa ; midgut ; nectar ; nontarget organisms ; pathogens ; pollen ; pollution ; propolis ; pyraclostrobin ; sucrose
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115622
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Article: Is a strobilurin fungicide capable of inducing histopathological effects on the midgut and Malpighian tubules of honey bees?

Batista, Ana Carolina / Domingues, Caio Eduardo da Costa / Costa, Monica Jones / Silva-Zacarin, Elaine Cristina Mathias

Journal of apicultural research. 2020 Oct. 19, v. 59, no. 5

2020

Abstract: Bees that forage in agricultural plantations and surroundings are exposed to pesticide residues, which can cause sublethal effects in individuals and consequently compromise the performance of the colony. Regarding the honey bees, beekeepers can be ... ...

Abstract	Bees that forage in agricultural plantations and surroundings are exposed to pesticide residues, which can cause sublethal effects in individuals and consequently compromise the performance of the colony. Regarding the honey bees, beekeepers can be hampered by decreased production of honey and other bee products. Although the effects of insecticides on bees are widely studied for obvious reasons, there is growing evidence that fungicides, too, are not harmless to bees. However, further studies are needed on the effects caused by fungicide residues present in pollen and nectar which are collected and consumed by honey bees. For this reason, we aimed to perform a histopathological diagnosis and cell death immunolabeling in the midgut and Malpighian tubules of Africanized honey bee workers throughout continuous oral exposure (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h) to low concentrations of picoxystrobin (9 ppb and 18 ppb), a strobilurin fungicide. Although there were no histopathological effects on the Malpighian tubules, an organ that plays a role in excretion, these effects were observed in the midgut of bees exposed to both concentrations of picoxystrobin. Morphological alterations, as well as positive-labeling for cell death, were observed in the midgut of exposed bees over time (from 24 to 96 h after the beginning of exposure). Although the data have shown evidence of intestinal epithelial renewal in response to cytotoxic effects, i.e., recovery after short-time exposure, this organ may have its nutrient absorption functions compromised in the long-term, which may lead to symptoms of malnutrition and affect the individual’s performance, which could, in turn, affect the whole colony.
Keywords	Africanized honey bees ; apiculture ; cell death ; cytotoxicity ; epithelium ; excretion ; forage ; histopathology ; honey ; intestines ; malnutrition ; midgut ; nectar ; nutrient uptake ; oral exposure ; picoxystrobin ; pollen ; research
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1019
Size	p. 834-843.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	281228-9
ISSN	2078-6913 ; 0021-8839
ISSN (online)	2078-6913
ISSN	0021-8839
DOI	10.1080/00218839.2020.1724678
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Sublethal doses of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin impair fat body of solitary bee Tetrapedia diversipes (Klug, 1810)

Conceição de Assis, Josimere / Eduardo da Costa Domingues, Caio / Tadei, Rafaela / Inês da Silva, Cláudia / Soares Lima, Hellen Maria / Decio, Pâmela / Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C.M.

Environmental pollution. 2022 July 01, v. 304

2022

Abstract: Solitary bees present greater species diversity than social bees. However, they are less studied than managed bees, mainly regarding the harmful effects of pesticides present in agroecosystems commonly visited by them. This study aimed to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	Solitary bees present greater species diversity than social bees. However, they are less studied than managed bees, mainly regarding the harmful effects of pesticides present in agroecosystems commonly visited by them. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of residual doses of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin, alone and in combination, on the fat body (a multifunctional organ) of the neotropical solitary bee Tetrapedia diversipes by means of morphological and histochemical evaluation of oenocytes and trophocytes. Males and females of newly-emerged adults were submitted to bioassays of acute topical exposure. Experimental groups were essayed: control (CTR), solvent control (ACT), imidacloprid (IMI, 0.0028 ng/μL), pyraclostrobin (PYR, 2.7 ng/μL) and imidacloprid + pyraclostrobin (I + P). The data demonstrated that the residual doses applied in T. diversipes adults are sublethal at 96 h. Both oenocytes and trophocytes cells responded to topical exposure to the pesticides, showing morphological changes. In the IMI group, the bee oenocytes showed the greatest proportion of vacuolization and altered nuclei. The pyraclostrobin exposure increased the intensity of PAS-positive labeling (glycogen) in trophocytes. This increase was also observed in the I + P group. Changes in energy reserve (glycogen) of trophocytes indicate a possible mobilization impairment of this neutral polysaccharide to the hemolymph, which can compromise the fitness of exposed individuals. Also, changes in oenocytes can compromise the detoxification function performed by the fat body. This is the first study to show sublethal effects in neotropical solitary bees and highlight the importance of studies with native bees.
Keywords	Neotropics ; agroecosystems ; energy ; fat body ; glycogen ; hemolymph ; imidacloprid ; pollution ; pyraclostrobin ; solitary bees ; solvents ; species diversity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0701
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119140
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Article ; Online: Sublethal doses of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin impair fat body of solitary bee Tetrapedia diversipes (Klug, 1810).

Conceição de Assis, Josimere / Eduardo da Costa Domingues, Caio / Tadei, Rafaela / Inês da Silva, Cláudia / Soares Lima, Hellen Maria / Decio, Pâmela / Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C M

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2022 Volume 304, Page(s) 119140

Abstract	Solitary bees present greater species diversity than social bees. However, they are less studied than managed bees, mainly regarding the harmful effects of pesticides present in agroecosystems commonly visited by them. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of residual doses of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin, alone and in combination, on the fat body (a multifunctional organ) of the neotropical solitary bee Tetrapedia diversipes by means of morphological and histochemical evaluation of oenocytes and trophocytes. Males and females of newly-emerged adults were submitted to bioassays of acute topical exposure. Experimental groups were essayed: control (CTR), solvent control (ACT), imidacloprid (IMI, 0.0028 ng/μL), pyraclostrobin (PYR, 2.7 ng/μL) and imidacloprid + pyraclostrobin (I + P). The data demonstrated that the residual doses applied in T. diversipes adults are sublethal at 96 h. Both oenocytes and trophocytes cells responded to topical exposure to the pesticides, showing morphological changes. In the IMI group, the bee oenocytes showed the greatest proportion of vacuolization and altered nuclei. The pyraclostrobin exposure increased the intensity of PAS-positive labeling (glycogen) in trophocytes. This increase was also observed in the I + P group. Changes in energy reserve (glycogen) of trophocytes indicate a possible mobilization impairment of this neutral polysaccharide to the hemolymph, which can compromise the fitness of exposed individuals. Also, changes in oenocytes can compromise the detoxification function performed by the fat body. This is the first study to show sublethal effects in neotropical solitary bees and highlight the importance of studies with native bees.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bees ; Fat Body ; Female ; Glycogen ; Insecticides/toxicity ; Neonicotinoids/toxicity ; Nitro Compounds/toxicity ; Pesticides ; Strobilurins
Chemical Substances	Insecticides ; Neonicotinoids ; Nitro Compounds ; Pesticides ; Strobilurins ; imidacloprid (3BN7M937V8) ; Glycogen (9005-79-2) ; pyrachlostrobin (DJW8M9OX1H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119140
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Article ; Online: Fungicide pyraclostrobin affects midgut morphophysiology and reduces survival of Brazilian native stingless bee Melipona scutellaris.

da Costa Domingues, Caio Eduardo / Bello Inoue, Lais Vieira / da Silva-Zacarin, Elaine Cristina Mathias / Malaspina, Osmar

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

2020 Volume 206, Page(s) 111395

Abstract: Native stingless bees are key pollinators of native flora and important for many crops. However, the loss of natural fragments and exposure to pesticides can hinder the development of colonies and represent a high risk for them. Nevertheless, most ... ...

Abstract	Native stingless bees are key pollinators of native flora and important for many crops. However, the loss of natural fragments and exposure to pesticides can hinder the development of colonies and represent a high risk for them. Nevertheless, most studies are conducted with honeybees and there are not many studies on native species, especially in relation to the effects of fungicides on them. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the effects of sublethal concentrations of pyraclostrobin, on Melipona scutellaris forager workers. These Brazilian native stingless bees were submitted to continuous oral exposure to three concentrations of pyraclostrobin in sirup: 0.125 ng a.i./µL (P1), 0.025 ng a.i./µL (P2), and 0.005 ng a.i./µL (P3). Histopathological and histochemical parameters of midgut, as well as survival rate were evaluated. All concentrations of fungicide showed an increase in the midgut lesion index and morphological signs of cell death, such as cytoplasmic vacuolizations, presence of atypical nuclei or pyknotic nuclei. Histochemical analyzes revealed a decreased marking of polysaccharides and neutral glycoconjugates both in the villi and in peritrophic membrane in all exposed-groups in relation to control-groups. P1 and P2 groups presented a reduction in total protein marking in digestive cells in relation to control groups. As a consequence of alteration in the midgut, all groups exposed to fungicide showed a reduced survival rate. These findings demonstrate that sublethal concentrations of pyraclostrobin can lead to significant adverse effects in stingless bees. These effects on social native bees indicate the need for reassessment of the safety of fungicides to bees.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bees/drug effects ; Bees/growth & development ; Brazil ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development ; Digestive System/drug effects ; Digestive System/pathology ; Fungicides, Industrial/toxicity ; Longevity/drug effects ; Pollination ; Strobilurins/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Fungicides, Industrial ; Strobilurins ; pyrachlostrobin (DJW8M9OX1H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	436536-7
ISSN	1090-2414 ; 0147-6513
ISSN (online)	1090-2414
ISSN	0147-6513
DOI	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111395
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Article ; Online: Immunodetection of heat shock protein 70 and cell death in liver of a neotropical fish acutely and chronically exposed to acetaminophen and propranolol.

Pereira, Beatriz Vieira Ramos / da Silva-Zacarin, Elaine Cristina Mathias / Costa, Monica Jones / Dos Santos, André Cordeiro Alves / Nunes, Bruno

Environmental science and pollution research international

2020 Volume 28, Issue 9, Page(s) 11233–11244

Abstract: The use of pharmaceutical drugs ends frequently in their inappropriate disposal and treatment at waste water treatment plants, which is the cause of their widespread presence in the environment. Yet, there is limited understanding or knowledge of their ... ...

Abstract	The use of pharmaceutical drugs ends frequently in their inappropriate disposal and treatment at waste water treatment plants, which is the cause of their widespread presence in the environment. Yet, there is limited understanding or knowledge of their effects to non-target aquatic organisms. The drugs acetaminophen (analgesic and antipyretic) and propranolol (β-blocker) are widely found in the aquatic environment, where they can interact with non-target exposed organisms, causing adverse effects. Heat shock proteins (namely HSP70) are molecular chaperones which help to refold misfolded cellular proteins, and the increase in their in vivo levels indicates a change in the cell to counteract the proteotoxic effects of the triggered stress, namely which is consequent to exposure to toxicants. The objective of this study was to quantify the levels of liver HSP70 proteins in individuals of the neotropical fish species Phalloceros harpagos, acutely and chronically exposed to concentrations of acetaminophen and propranolol, in the range of those already determined to occur in the wild. Fish acutely exposed to acetaminophen (concentrations of 8, 80, 800, and 8000 μg L
MeSH term(s)	Acetaminophen/toxicity ; Animals ; Cell Death ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Liver ; Propranolol ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Chemical Substances	HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Acetaminophen (362O9ITL9D) ; Propranolol (9Y8NXQ24VQ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-020-11264-3
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Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED