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Article: Spotlight on Maternal Perceptions of Child Behavior: A Daily Diary Study with Child Welfare-Involved Mothers.

Rodriguez, Christina M / Silvia, Paul J

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 2

Abstract: Research has documented a variety of factors-including stress, attributions, and anger-that may increase parents' risk for child maltreatment, but most of this research is based on low-risk, community samples of parents' perceptions about themselves and ... ...

Abstract	Research has documented a variety of factors-including stress, attributions, and anger-that may increase parents' risk for child maltreatment, but most of this research is based on low-risk, community samples of parents' perceptions about themselves and their children. Moreover, parents are usually asked to provide self-reports wherein they summarize their general impressions distal from actual parenting. The current study employed experience sampling methods with a high-risk sample. Mothers identified for child maltreatment reported on their stress and coping as well as their perceptions regarding children's misbehavior and good behavior using end-of-day surveys for up to four weeks. Only maternal reports of children's good behavior based on personality and mood were relatively stable; stress, coping, and reports on child misbehavior varied considerably across days, implying that contributors to daily fluctuations in these factors could represent intervention targets. Although maternal perceptions of misbehavior severity, anger, and negative attributions were interrelated, only anger about misbehavior related to maternal stress levels. Mothers who reported better coping perceived their child's behavior more favorably that day and were more likely to ascribe positive behavior to the child's mood and personality. Current findings highlight the importance of positive coping mechanisms in parental perceptions of children; such findings should be replicated to determine how to maximize parental resources that reduce child maltreatment risk.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651997-5
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs12020044
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Psychometric Evidence for Indirect Assessment of Child Abuse Risk in Child Welfare-Involved Mothers.

Rodriguez, Christina M / Silvia, Paul J

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 9, Issue 5

Abstract: Most research on factors related to physical child abuse risk rely heavily on direct self-report measures, which is a methodological strategy susceptible to participant response distortions. Such methodological reliance obfuscates the interpretations ... ...

Abstract	Most research on factors related to physical child abuse risk rely heavily on direct self-report measures, which is a methodological strategy susceptible to participant response distortions. Such methodological reliance obfuscates the interpretations rendered about the risk factors predictive of child abuse. Efforts to develop alternative indirect assessment approaches, such as analog tasks, show promise, although most of those studies have applied these methods to community samples rather than with child welfare-involved samples. The present study evaluated the psychometric evidence for four separate analog tasks that have not yet been considered with mothers identified for child maltreatment by child welfare services, also contrasted to a sociodemographically matched sample of mothers. The results indicate acceptable reliability for the analog tasks, with additional evidence of validity. However, the two groups of mothers did not substantively differ across measures, suggesting that identification for abuse through child protective services does not differentiate from those closely matched on critical sociodemographic characteristics. The promising preliminary results of these analog tasks in the current study suggest that indirect analog assessment approaches to estimate child abuse risk could be useful in efforts to minimize dependence on self-report methods.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2732685-8
ISSN	2227-9067
ISSN	2227-9067
DOI	10.3390/children9050711
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Article: Psychotic and autistic traits among magicians and their relationship with creative beliefs.

Greengross, Gil / Silvia, Paul J / Crasson, Sara J

BJPsych open

2023 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) e214

Abstract: Background: There is a common perception that creativity is associated with psychopathology. Previous studies have shown that members of creative groups such as comedians, artists and scientists scores higher than the norm on psychotic traits, and ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is a common perception that creativity is associated with psychopathology. Previous studies have shown that members of creative groups such as comedians, artists and scientists scores higher than the norm on psychotic traits, and scientists in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields score highly on autistic traits. Aims: To test whether magicians, a creative group that has not been studied before, also score highly on psychopathological traits and autism, and to test the associations of creative self-efficacy and creative identity with schizotypal and autistic traits among magicians. Method: A sample of 195 magicians and 233 people from the general population completed measures of schizotypal traits (Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences) and autism (Abridged Version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient), as well as the Short Scale of Creative Self. Magicians were also compared with other creative groups with respect to schizotypal traits, based on previously published data. Results: Magicians scored lower than the general population sample on three of the four schizophrenia measures (cognitive disorganisation, introvertive anhedonia and impulsive nonconformity) but did not differ with respect to unusual experiences or autism scores. Magicians scored higher on creative self-efficacy and creative personal identity than the general sample. Magicians' scores on schizotypal traits were largely lower than those of other creative groups. Originality of magic was positively correlated with unusual experiences ( Conclusions: This is the first study to show a creative group with lower scores than norms on psychotic traits. The results highlight the unique characteristics of magicians and the possible myriad associations between creativity and mental disorders among creative groups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2829557-2
ISSN	2056-4724
ISSN	2056-4724
DOI	10.1192/bjo.2023.609
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Article ; Online: When Figurative Language Goes off the Rails and under the Bus: Fluid Intelligence, Openness to Experience, and the Production of Poor Metaphors.

Silvia, Paul J / Beaty, Roger E

Journal of Intelligence

2021 Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract: The present research examined the varieties of poor metaphors to gain insight into the cognitive processes involved in generating creative ones. Drawing upon data from two published studies as well as a new sample, adults' open-ended responses to ... ...

Abstract	The present research examined the varieties of poor metaphors to gain insight into the cognitive processes involved in generating creative ones. Drawing upon data from two published studies as well as a new sample, adults' open-ended responses to different metaphor prompts were categorized. Poor metaphors fell into two broad clusters. Non-metaphors-responses that failed to meet the basic task requirements-consisted of "adjective slips" (describing the topic adjectivally instead of figuratively), "wayward attributes" (attributing the wrong property to the topic), and "off-topic idioms" (describing the wrong topic). Bad metaphors-real metaphors that were unanimously judged as uncreative-consisted of "exemplary exemplars" (vehicles that lacked semantic distance and thus seemed trite) and "retrieved clichés" (pulling a dead metaphor from memory). Overall, people higher in fluid intelligence (Gf) were more likely to generate a real metaphor, and their metaphor was less likely to be a bad one. People higher in Openness to Experience, in contrast, were more likely to generate real metaphors but not more or less likely to generate bad ones. Scraping the bottom of the response barrel suggests that creative metaphor production is a particularly complex form of creative thought.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721035-2
ISSN	2079-3200 ; 2079-3200
ISSN (online)	2079-3200
ISSN	2079-3200
DOI	10.3390/jintelligence9010002
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Article ; Online: Negative emotion differentiation in trauma-exposed community members: Associations with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in daily life.

Pugach, Cameron P / Starr, Lisa R / Silvia, Paul J / Wisco, Blair E

Journal of psychopathology and clinical science

2023 Volume 132, Issue 8, Page(s) 1007–1018

Abstract: The ability to make fine-grained distinctions between discrete negative emotions-termed negative emotion differentiation (NED)-is important for emotion regulation and psychological well-being. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with ... ...

Abstract	The ability to make fine-grained distinctions between discrete negative emotions-termed negative emotion differentiation (NED)-is important for emotion regulation and psychological well-being. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated trauma-related negative emotions (e.g., fear, anger, guilt, shame) and self-reported difficulty identifying feelings, suggesting that low NED may be a feature of PTSD. PTSD is also characterized by overreliance on avoidance as an emotion regulation strategy-a characteristic that could be influenced by low NED. Here, we examined whether NED is reduced in PTSD and the role NED plays in the association between trauma-related avoidance and other PTSD symptoms (traumatic reexperiencing, negative alterations in cognition and mood, alterations in arousal and reactivity). Hypotheses were tested using 3 days of ecological momentary assessment (up to 17 prompts per day) in 80 trauma-exposed participants (39 with PTSD, 41 without PTSD; total completed surveys = 2,158). NED was reduced and self-reported difficulty identifying feelings was elevated in those with PTSD, and both predicted PTSD severity (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-5 score) and momentary PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, low NED, but not difficulty identifying feelings, predicted a stronger association between momentary trauma-related avoidance and PTSD symptoms. Results suggest that NED is involved in the emotional processing of trauma by decreasing the negative impact of avoidance behavior on other PTSD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Emotions/physiology ; Fear ; Anger ; Affect
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3121059-4
ISSN	2769-755X
ISSN (online)	2769-755X
DOI	10.1037/abn0000851
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Article: The Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale: An Item Response Theory Analysis.

Deters, Lauren B / Silvia, Paul J / Kwapil, Thomas R

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 8

Abstract: Ambivalence has a prominent role in the historical formulations of schizotypy and schizophrenia, as well as borderline personality disorder. However, it has been overlooked by our current diagnostic nomenclature. The Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale (SAS) ... ...

Abstract	Ambivalence has a prominent role in the historical formulations of schizotypy and schizophrenia, as well as borderline personality disorder. However, it has been overlooked by our current diagnostic nomenclature. The Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale (SAS) is a 19-item self-report scale developed to examine ambivalence relevant to schizotypy and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Questionnaire, interview, and ambulatory assessment studies support the construct validity of the measure as a predictor of schizophrenia-spectrum and borderline psychopathology. However, studies have not adequately examined the item properties and factor structure of the scale. To examine the psychometric features of the SAS, the present research applied item response theory and differential item functioning methods using a large sample of adults (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651997-5
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs12080247
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Article ; Online: Mental Representations of Sickness Positively Relate to Adaptive Health Behaviors.

Ojeda, Jonathan T / Silvia, Paul J / Cassidy, Brittany S

Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior

2022 Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 14747049221109452

Abstract: An ecological approach to social perception states that impressions of faces have functional value in that they guide adaptive behavior ensuring people's survival. For example, people may avoid others whose faces appear sick to avoid an illness ... ...

Abstract	An ecological approach to social perception states that impressions of faces have functional value in that they guide adaptive behavior ensuring people's survival. For example, people may avoid others whose faces appear sick to avoid an illness representing a survival threat. We broadened the ecological approach in the current work by examining whether merely thinking about what illnesses on faces look like (i.e., how sickness on faces is
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological ; Attitude ; COVID-19 ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Social Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2118532-3
ISSN	1474-7049 ; 1474-7049
ISSN (online)	1474-7049
ISSN	1474-7049
DOI	10.1177/14747049221109452
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Article: Time to Renovate the Humor Styles Questionnaire? An Item Response Theory Analysis of the HSQ.

Silvia, Paul J / Rodriguez, Rebekah M

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 10, Issue 11

Abstract: The Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) is one of the most popular self-report scales in humor research. The present research conducted a forward-looking psychometric analysis grounded in Rasch and item response theory models, which have not been applied to ...

Abstract	The Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) is one of the most popular self-report scales in humor research. The present research conducted a forward-looking psychometric analysis grounded in Rasch and item response theory models, which have not been applied to the HSQ thus far. Regarding strengths, the analyses found very good evidence for reliability and dimensionality and essentially zero gender-based differential item functioning, indicating no gender bias in the items. Regarding opportunities for future development, the analyses suggested that (1) the seven-point rating scale performs poorly relative to a five-point scale; (2) the affiliative subscale is far too easy to endorse and much easier than the other subscales; (3) the four subscales show problematic variation in their readability and proportion of reverse-scored items; and (4) a handful of items with poor discrimination and high local dependence are easy targets for scale revision. Taken together, the findings suggest that the HSQ, as it nears the two-decade mark, has many strengths but would benefit from light remodeling.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs10110173
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Article ; Online: Percolating ideas: The effects of caffeine on creative thinking and problem solving.

Zabelina, Darya L / Silvia, Paul J

Consciousness and cognition

2020 Volume 79, Page(s) 102899

Abstract: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychotropic drug in the world, with numerous studies documenting the effects of caffeine on people's alertness, vigilance, mood, concentration, and attentional focus. The effects of caffeine on creative thinking, ... ...

Abstract	Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychotropic drug in the world, with numerous studies documenting the effects of caffeine on people's alertness, vigilance, mood, concentration, and attentional focus. The effects of caffeine on creative thinking, however, remain unknown. In a randomized placebo-controlled between-subject double-blind design the present study investigated the effect of moderate caffeine consumption on creative problem solving (i.e., convergent thinking) and creative idea generation (i.e., divergent thinking). We found that participants who consumed 200 mg of caffeine (approximately one 12 oz cup of coffee, n = 44), compared to those in the placebo condition (n = 44), showed significantly enhanced problem-solving abilities. Caffeine had no significant effects on creative generation or on working memory. The effects remained after controlling for participants' caffeine expectancies, whether they believed they consumed caffeine or a placebo, and changes in mood. Possible mechanisms and future directions are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Affect/drug effects ; Caffeine/administration & dosage ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology ; Creativity ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/drug effects ; Problem Solving/drug effects ; Thinking/drug effects ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Caffeine (3G6A5W338E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1106647-7
ISSN	1090-2376 ; 1053-8100
ISSN (online)	1090-2376
ISSN	1053-8100
DOI	10.1016/j.concog.2020.102899
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Zs.A 3692: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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Article ; Online: The Open Gallery for Arts Research (OGAR): An open-source tool for studying the psychology of virtual art museum visits.

Rodriguez-Boerwinkle, Rebekah M / Boerwinkle, Martin J / Silvia, Paul J

Behavior research methods

2022 Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 824–842

Abstract: To expand the tools available to arts researchers in psychology, we present the Open Gallery for Arts Research (OGAR), a free, open-source tool for studying visitor behavior within an online gallery environment. OGAR is highly extensible, allowing ... ...

Abstract	To expand the tools available to arts researchers in psychology, we present the Open Gallery for Arts Research (OGAR), a free, open-source tool for studying visitor behavior within an online gallery environment. OGAR is highly extensible, allowing researchers to modify the environment to test different hypotheses, and it affords assessing a wide range of outcome variables. After describing the tool and its development, we present a proof-of-concept study that evaluates OGAR's usability and performance and illustrates some ways that it can be used to study the psychology of virtual visits. With a sample of 44 adults from an online participant panel who freely explored OGAR, we observed that OGAR had good usability based on high scores on the System Usability Scale and rare instances of self-reported nausea, among other usability markers. Furthermore, using position and viewing data provided by OGAR, we found that participants navigated the gallery and interacted with the artwork in predictable and coherent ways that resembled visitor behavior in real-world art museums. OGAR appears to be a promising tool for researchers and art professionals interested in how people navigate and experience virtual and real art spaces.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Museums ; Self Report
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	231560-9
ISSN	1554-3528 ; 0743-3808 ; 1554-351X
ISSN (online)	1554-3528
ISSN	0743-3808 ; 1554-351X
DOI	10.3758/s13428-022-01857-w
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