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Article ; Online: Nonlinear least squares regression for single image scanning electron microscope signal-to-noise ratio estimation.

Sim, K S / Norhisham, S

2016 Volume 264, Issue 2, Page(s) 159–174

Abstract: A new method based on nonlinear least squares regression (NLLSR) is formulated to estimate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The estimation of SNR value based on NLLSR method is compared with the three existing ... ...

Abstract	A new method based on nonlinear least squares regression (NLLSR) is formulated to estimate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The estimation of SNR value based on NLLSR method is compared with the three existing methods of nearest neighbourhood, first-order interpolation and the combination of both nearest neighbourhood and first-order interpolation. Samples of SEM images with different textures, contrasts and edges were used to test the performance of NLLSR method in estimating the SNR values of the SEM images. It is shown that the NLLSR method is able to produce better estimation accuracy as compared to the other three existing methods. According to the SNR results obtained from the experiment, the NLLSR method is able to produce approximately less than 1% of SNR error difference as compared to the other three existing methods.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219263-9
ISSN	1365-2818 ; 0022-2720
ISSN (online)	1365-2818
ISSN	0022-2720
DOI	10.1111/jmi.12425
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Surgical site infection and development of antimicrobial sutures: a review.

Chua, R A H W / Lim, S K / Chee, C F / Chin, S P / Kiew, L V / Sim, K S / Tay, S T

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences

2022 Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 828–845

Abstract: Sutures are used to facilitate wound healing and play an important role in ensuring the success of surgical interventions in healthcare facilities. Suture-associated surgical site infection (SSI) may develop when bacterial contaminants colonize the ... ...

Abstract	Sutures are used to facilitate wound healing and play an important role in ensuring the success of surgical interventions in healthcare facilities. Suture-associated surgical site infection (SSI) may develop when bacterial contaminants colonize the suture surface and establish biofilms that are highly resistant to antibiotic treatment. The outcome of SSI affects postoperative care, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased financial burden. Antimicrobial sutures coated with antiseptics such as triclosan and chlorhexidine have been used to minimize the occurrence of SSI. However, as the efficacy of antiseptic-based sutures may be affected due to the emergence of resistant strains, new approaches for the development of alternative antimicrobial sutures are necessary. This review provides an update and outlook of various approaches in the design and development of antimicrobial sutures. Attaining a zero SSI rate will be possible with the advancement in suturing technology and implementation of good infection control practice in clinical settings.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Surgical Wound Infection/drug therapy ; Sutures ; Triclosan/pharmacology ; Triclosan/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Triclosan (4NM5039Y5X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-18
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	605550-3
ISSN	2284-0729 ; 1128-3602 ; 0392-291X
ISSN (online)	2284-0729
ISSN	1128-3602 ; 0392-291X
DOI	10.26355/eurrev_202202_27991
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Local dynamic range compensation for scanning electron microscope imaging system.

Sim, K S / Huang, Y H

Scanning

2015 Volume 37, Issue 6, Page(s) 381–388

Abstract: This is the extended project by introducing the modified dynamic range histogram modification (MDRHM) and is presented in this paper. This technique is used to enhance the scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging system. By comparing with the ... ...

Abstract	This is the extended project by introducing the modified dynamic range histogram modification (MDRHM) and is presented in this paper. This technique is used to enhance the scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging system. By comparing with the conventional histogram modification compensators, this technique utilizes histogram profiling by extending the dynamic range of each tile of an image to the limit of 0-255 range while retains its histogram shape. The proposed technique yields better image compensation compared to conventional methods.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391900-6
ISSN	1932-8745 ; 0161-0457
ISSN (online)	1932-8745
ISSN	0161-0457
DOI	10.1002/sca.21226
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Image signal-to-noise ratio estimation using adaptive slope nearest-neighbourhood model.

Sim, K S / Teh, V

Journal of microscopy

2015 Volume 260, Issue 3, Page(s) 352–362

Abstract: A new technique based on nearest neighbourhood method is proposed. In this paper, considering the noise as Gaussian additive white noise, new technique single-image-based estimator is proposed. The performance of this new technique such as adaptive slope ...

Abstract	A new technique based on nearest neighbourhood method is proposed. In this paper, considering the noise as Gaussian additive white noise, new technique single-image-based estimator is proposed. The performance of this new technique such as adaptive slope nearest neighbourhood is compared with three of the existing method which are original nearest neighbourhood (simple method), first-order interpolation method and shape-preserving piecewise cubic hermite autoregressive moving average. In a few cases involving images with different brightness and edges, this adaptive slope nearest neighbourhood is found to deliver an optimum solution for signal-to-noise ratio estimation problems. For different values of noise variance, the adaptive slope nearest neighbourhood has highest accuracy and less percentage estimation error. Being more robust with white noise, the new proposed technique estimator has efficiency that is significantly greater than those of the three methods.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219263-9
ISSN	1365-2818 ; 0022-2720
ISSN (online)	1365-2818
ISSN	0022-2720
DOI	10.1111/jmi.12302
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Brain early infarct detection using gamma correction extreme-level eliminating with weighting distribution.

Teh, V / Sim, K S / Wong, E K

Scanning

2016 Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 842–856

Abstract: According to the statistic from World Health Organization (WHO), stroke is one of the major causes of death globally. Computed tomography (CT) scan is one of the main medical diagnosis system used for diagnosis of ischemic stroke. CT scan provides brain ... ...

Abstract	According to the statistic from World Health Organization (WHO), stroke is one of the major causes of death globally. Computed tomography (CT) scan is one of the main medical diagnosis system used for diagnosis of ischemic stroke. CT scan provides brain images in Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) format. The presentation of CT brain images is mainly relied on the window setting (window center and window width), which converts an image from DICOM format into normal grayscale format. Nevertheless, the ordinary window parameter could not deliver a proper contrast on CT brain images for ischemic stroke detection. In this paper, a new proposed method namely gamma correction extreme-level eliminating with weighting distribution (GCELEWD) is implemented to improve the contrast on CT brain images. GCELEWD is capable of highlighting the hypodense region for diagnosis of ischemic stroke. The performance of this new proposed technique, GCELEWD, is compared with four of the existing contrast enhancement technique such as brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization (BBHE), dualistic sub-image histogram equalization (DSIHE), extreme-level eliminating histogram equalization (ELEHE), and adaptive gamma correction with weighting distribution (AGCWD). GCELEWD shows better visualization for ischemic stroke detection and higher values with image quality assessment (IQA) module. SCANNING 38:842-856, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391900-6
ISSN	1932-8745 ; 0161-0457
ISSN (online)	1932-8745
ISSN	0161-0457
DOI	10.1002/sca.21334
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Signal-to-noise ratio estimation using adaptive tuning on the piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation model for images.

Sim, K S / Yeap, Z X / Tso, C P

Scanning

2016 Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 502–514

Abstract: An improvement to the existing technique of quantifying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images using piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation (PCHIP) technique is proposed. The new technique uses an adaptive tuning onto the ...

Abstract	An improvement to the existing technique of quantifying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images using piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation (PCHIP) technique is proposed. The new technique uses an adaptive tuning onto the PCHIP, and is thus named as ATPCHIP. To test its accuracy, 70 images are corrupted with noise and their autocorrelation functions are then plotted. The ATPCHIP technique is applied to estimate the uncorrupted noise-free zero offset point from a corrupted image. Three existing methods, the nearest neighborhood, first order interpolation and original PCHIP, are used to compare with the performance of the proposed ATPCHIP method, with respect to their calculated SNR values. Results show that ATPCHIP is an accurate and reliable method to estimate SNR values from SEM images. SCANNING 38:502-514, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391900-6
ISSN	1932-8745 ; 0161-0457
ISSN (online)	1932-8745
ISSN	0161-0457
DOI	10.1002/sca.21286
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Adaptive noise Wiener filter for scanning electron microscope imaging system.

Sim, K S / Teh, V / Nia, M E

Scanning

2016 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 148–163

Abstract: Noise on scanning electron microscope (SEM) images is studied. Gaussian noise is the most common type of noise in SEM image. We developed a new noise reduction filter based on the Wiener filter. We compared the performance of this new filter namely ... ...

Abstract	Noise on scanning electron microscope (SEM) images is studied. Gaussian noise is the most common type of noise in SEM image. We developed a new noise reduction filter based on the Wiener filter. We compared the performance of this new filter namely adaptive noise Wiener (ANW) filter, with four common existing filters as well as average filter, median filter, Gaussian smoothing filter and the Wiener filter. Based on the experiments results the proposed new filter has better performance on different noise variance comparing to the other existing noise removal filters in the experiments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391900-6
ISSN	1932-8745 ; 0161-0457
ISSN (online)	1932-8745
ISSN	0161-0457
DOI	10.1002/sca.21250
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Performance of signal-to-noise ratio estimation for scanning electron microscope using autocorrelation Levinson-Durbin recursion model.

Sim, K S / Lim, M S / Yeap, Z X

Journal of microscopy

2016 Volume 263, Issue 1, Page(s) 64–77

Abstract: A new technique to quantify signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images is proposed. This technique is known as autocorrelation Levinson-Durbin recursion (ACLDR) model. To test the performance of this technique, the ...

Abstract	A new technique to quantify signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images is proposed. This technique is known as autocorrelation Levinson-Durbin recursion (ACLDR) model. To test the performance of this technique, the SEM image is corrupted with noise. The autocorrelation function of the original image and the noisy image are formed. The signal spectrum based on the autocorrelation function of image is formed. ACLDR is then used as an SNR estimator to quantify the signal spectrum of noisy image. The SNR values of the original image and the quantified image are calculated. The ACLDR is then compared with the three existing techniques, which are nearest neighbourhood, first-order linear interpolation and nearest neighbourhood combined with first-order linear interpolation. It is shown that ACLDR model is able to achieve higher accuracy in SNR estimation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219263-9
ISSN	1365-2818 ; 0022-2720
ISSN (online)	1365-2818
ISSN	0022-2720
DOI	10.1111/jmi.12376
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Local dynamic range compensation for scanning electron microscope imaging system by sub-blocking multiple peak HE with convolution.

Sim, K S / Teh, V / Tey, Y C / Kho, T K

Scanning

2016 Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 492–501

Abstract: This paper introduces new development technique to improve the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image quality and we name it as sub-blocking multiple peak histogram equalization (SUB-B-MPHE) with convolution operator. By using this new proposed ... ...

Abstract	This paper introduces new development technique to improve the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image quality and we name it as sub-blocking multiple peak histogram equalization (SUB-B-MPHE) with convolution operator. By using this new proposed technique, it shows that the new modified MPHE performs better than original MPHE. In addition, the sub-blocking method consists of convolution operator which can help to remove the blocking effect for SEM images after applying this new developed technique. Hence, by using the convolution operator, it effectively removes the blocking effect by properly distributing the suitable pixel value for the whole image. Overall, the SUB-B-MPHE with convolution outperforms the rest of methods. SCANNING 38:492-501, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391900-6
ISSN	1932-8745 ; 0161-0457
ISSN (online)	1932-8745
ISSN	0161-0457
DOI	10.1002/sca.21285
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Article ; Online: Noise variance estimation using image noise cross-correlation model on SEM images.

Sim, K S / Nia, M E / Tso, C P

Scanning

2013 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 205–212

Abstract: A number of techniques have been proposed during the last three decades for noise variance and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation in digital images. While some methods have shown reliability and accuracy in SNR and noise variance estimations, other ... ...

Abstract	A number of techniques have been proposed during the last three decades for noise variance and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation in digital images. While some methods have shown reliability and accuracy in SNR and noise variance estimations, other methods are dependent on the nature of the images and perform well on a limited number of image types. In this article, we prove the accuracy and the efficiency of the image noise cross-correlation estimation model, vs. other existing estimators, when applied to different types of scanning electron microscope images.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391900-6
ISSN	1932-8745 ; 0161-0457
ISSN (online)	1932-8745
ISSN	0161-0457
DOI	10.1002/sca.21055
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